Welcome to AUXSEA

House Keeping Items

1. AUXOP Introduction

2. Course format

3. Recording and Posting of Presentation

4. Questions before we begin?

Introduction

• The term SEAMANSHIP literally encompasses the entire subject of boating.

• Reference text: any version of “Chapman’s Seamanship”.

• Text: P16794.41 115 Apr 1992

• Final examination based on study questions at end of each chapter in study guide.

TERMINOLOGY

bow/forwardstarboard gunwale

cleat port Stern/aft transom

TERMINOLOGY

• BOW: The most foward portion of the main hull (the “pointy end”).

• FOWARD: Towards (in the direction of) the Bow.

• AHEAD: Hull motion relative to the bow.

• STERN: Aftermost portion of the main hull; the back end of the vessel (the BLUNT end),

TERMINOLOGY

• AFT: In the direction of the stern; towards the back end of the boat.

• ASTERN: Direction of hull motion relative to the stern; backing motion relative to the bow.

• SIDES: Looking towards the bow, from the stern (on either side of the keel):

Side to your right is STARBOARD.Side to your left is PORT

TERMINOLOGY

• BEAM: The widest point of the hull, gunwale to gunwale.

• ATHWARTSHIP: Any measurement made from one side of the hull to the other at 90 degrees to the keel.

• SHEER: The curve or sweep of the deck, from bow to stern, of a vessel when viewed from the side

• FLARE: The outward curvature of the sides of the boat near the bow (looking head-on), which helps to keep the vessel’s decks drier.

TERMINOLOGY

• Sheer

• Flare

HULL BOTTOMS

flat bottom

multi-hullround bottom

vee bottom

Hull Types

• Displacement - Displacement of water = weight of boat– Sailboats, trawlers

• Planing– Rise over bow wave and glide on

water– High speed– PWC, runabouts, small cruisers

• Combination– Semi-displacement hulls

Cabin Types

TRUNK : Does not extend fully from gunwale to gunwale; has walking space on both sides

Cabin Types

RAISED DECK: Does extend all the way, from gunwale to

gunwale; NO walking space on either side.

OTHER BOATING TERMS

• KEELSON: A timber ( can also be of metal) fastened along the top of the keel, inside of the hull.

• LIMBER HOLES: Passages cut into the area next to the keel to allow water to properly flow to it’s lowest point, to be pumped out.

• KING POST: The spoke of a steering wheel that is vertical when the rudder is exactly centered along the keel.

• THWART: A transverse seat generally in a rowing craft.

OTHER BOATING TERMS

• BOOT TOP: The general area of the exterior hull at the waterline.

• THWART STANCHION: A vertical support (stanchion) for a transverse seat (thwart).

Motions

• PITCH: The “UP” and “DOWN” vertical motion of the bow as the boat rotates around it’s lateral axis.

• ROLL: The gunwale–to - gunwale motion of the hull as it rotates around it’s longitudinal axis.

• YAW: The swinging motion of the bow from side to side, as the hull rotates around it’s vertical axis.

• BROACH: Veer and pitch forward because of bad steering or a sea hitting the stern, causing it to present a side to the wind and sea, losing steerage, and possibly suffer serious damage

• CAPSIZING: Vessel rolls over bottom up; difficult or impossible recovery.

• PITCHPOLING: Commonly following a BROACH and loss of directional control. Bow plunges deep; turns sharply to one side; vessel rolls and capsizes. Violent potentially lethal maneuver.

SAILBOAT CONFIGURATION

• IDENTIFICATION DEPENDS UPON THE NUMBER OF MASTS AND SAILS AND WHERE PLACED.

Yawl

SloopKetch

Catboat

Mainsail

CATBOAT CONFIGURATION

CATBOAT:

Single mast; One mainsail Marconi or Gaff

SLOOP: Single mast; mainsail and jib.

Mainsail Jib

SLOOP CONFIGURATION

Two masts; smaller aft; after mast ahead of steering station

STEERING STATION

KETCH CONFIGURATION

YAWL CONFIGURATION

Two masts; smaller BEHIND the steering station

STEERING STATION

SCHOONER: At least two masts; Main is aft and taller. Foremast is foward. May carry many sails.

ForemastMAIN

SCHOONER CONFIGURATION

BOAT BUILDING MATERIALS

Five (5) materials considered

• FIBERGLASS

• WOOD

• STEEL

• ALUMINUM

• FABRIC

FIBERGLASS

• STRANDS OF GLASS, SATURATED WITH RESIN and allowed TO PROPERLY DRY AND CURE

Chopped Strands

FIBERGLASS

• MOST POPULAR building material

• REASON FOR PRIMARY CHOICE:

EASE OF MAINTENANCE

TERMINOLOGY

A fiberglass hull is composed of matting, roving, cloth and strands of fiberglass saturated with plastic resin(s); very similar to steel-reinforced concrete.

ADVANTAGES OF FIBERGLASS

IMPERVIOUS TO MARINE ANIMALS, WORMS / BORERS (NOT GROWTH.)

1. NO DRY ROT

2. FEW OR NO SEAMS / JOINTS

3. NO LEAKS FROM SEAMS / JOINTS

4. COLOR MOLDED IN

5. STRONG

6. MOLD INTO ALMOST ANY SHAPE

7. LOW MAINTENANCE

Disadvantages Of Fiberglass

1. HEAVIER THAN WATER: READILY SINKS

2. EASIER TO COVER UP SHODDY WORKMANSHIP

TWO KINDS OF RESINS

1. POLYESTER:

VERSATILE

EASY TO WORK WITH/ HANDLE

INEXPENSIVE

2. EPOXIES:

STRONGER

MORE EXPENSIVE

MORE DIFFICULT TO WORK WITH.

RESIN ADDITIVES

1. Hardeners: HARDEN THE RESIN

2. Driers: CONTROL THE CURING TIME

3. Fire Suppressants: MAKE THE RESIN FIRE RETARDANT

4. ALL RESINS: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE

MOLDS

MALE MOLD: PLUG: Exact size, shape of object to mold

FEMALE MOLD: CAVITY MOLD

USED FOR HAND-LAYUP

CHOPPED STRAND

NOTE: Gel Coat applied first, to the inside of the female mold.

BLOWGUN PROCESS: Fastest, smoothest results

MOLDS

MATCHED DIE: MALE / FEMALE MOLDS CLAMPED TOGETHER

LAMINATE USED BETWEEN (SANDWICHED)

BALSA WOOD

FOAMED PLASTICS

PLYWOOD

WOOD

CONSIDERATION FOR USE

1. STRENGTH

2. AVAILABILITY

3. WORKABILITY

4. WATER ABSORPTION

5. LEAST NOISY

WOOD CONSTRUCTION

MORE DECAY RESISTANT:

HARD WOODS:

ASH, MAHOGANY, TEAK, OAK

LESS DECAY RESISTANT:

SOFTER WOODS:

CEDAR, FIR, PINE

WOOD DISADVANTAGES

1. NUMBER ONE: DRY ROT

2. HIGHLY SUCEPTIBLE TO: WORMS, BORERS

3. ABSORBS WATER

4. EASILY DAMAGED

STEEL CONSTRUCTION

DISADVANTAGES

1.QUICK DETERIORATION

2. CONSIDERABLE CONTINUOUS MAINTENANCE

STEEL CONSTRUCTION

ADVANTAGES

1. STRONGEST STRENGTH – TO – WEIGHT RATIO

2. STIFF \ RESISTANT TO:

IMPACT – FATIGUE - ABRASION

3. LESS NOISY THAN ALL BUT WOOD

ALUMINUM CONSTRUCTION

ADVANTAGES

1. LIGHT WEIGHT

2. IMPERVIOUS TO MARINE ANIMALS

( NOT GROWTH )

3. FAIRLY EASY TO FORM

ALUMINUM CONSTRUCTION

DISADVANTAGES

1. SUSCEPTIBLE TO ELECTROLYSIS

2. HEAT CONDUCTOR

3. NOISY

4. EASY TO DAMAGE

STEERING SYSTEMS

Drum and Cable SteeringDrum and Cable Steering

4/2010

Rack & Pinion Rack & Pinion

4/2010

REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 1

1. A sloop is a sailboat with _______

` a. a single mast, with a mainsail and a jib

b. two masts, the aftermast being shorter

than the foreword mast.

c. a single mast rigged to hoist only one sail.

d. two or more masts; the aftermast taller than

the foreword mast.

REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 2

2. A fiberglass hull is constructed of strands and layers of fiberglass ______________

a. bonded with hydraulic cement.

b. saturated with latex cement.

c. saturated with resin.

d. reinforced with steel mesh.

REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 3

3. On a strength-to-weight ratio, sheet steel is_________________

a. stronger than fiberglass

b. equal to wood

c. weaker than aluminum

d. equal to fiberglass

REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 4

4. Steel boat hulls___________________

a. require considerable maintenance

b. require no protective painting for growths

c. have a higher strength-to-weight ratio than

wood and aluminum but not fiberglass.

d. are less noisy than all other boat building

materials.

REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 5

5. The simplest type of steering mechanism for a boat is the____________________

a. rack and pinion

b. drum and cable

c. sprocket and chain

d. tiller

REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 6

6. Limber holes____________________

a. permit water to pass through a boat’s

frame.

b. provide finger holds for lifting

floor boards.

c. provide ventilation in holds.

d. are used to inspect the bilges.

REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 7

7. The curve or sweep of a vessel, as viewed from the side is called the ______

a. freeboard

b boot top

c. sheer

d. tumble home

REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 8

8. The outward curvature of the sides of the hull, near the bow, that is used to keep the deck drier, is called the_________________

a. sheer

b. freeboard

c. trunk

d. flare

REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 9

9. The use of two or more different materials, when constructing the hull, is called_____construction.

a. layered

b. multiple

c. composite

d. feathered

REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 10

10. The top advantage of a steel hull is_______

a. it’s weight

b. it is quieter

c. it is easier to maintain

d. it is fire proof