Welcome [] on the languages spo-ken in Saint Barthélemy. Maher taught French and lin-guistics—the...

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Local News in English

Published by Le Journal de Saint-Barth05 90 27 65 19 - [email protected]

St-Barth

Welcometo St Barths!

© Rosemond Gréaux

Weekly 289_Mise en page 1 05/12/13 10:15 Page1

2 St Barth Weekly n°289

L inguist JulianneMaher was invitedto the Saint Joseph

Library in Lorient on Fri-day, November 22 topresent her book, TheSurvival of People andLanguages: Schooners,Goats, and Cassava, in StBarthélemy, French WestIndies (Brill). The workcomprises a 20-year

study by thisretired Americanprofessor on thelanguages spo-ken in SaintBa r t h é l emy .Maher taughtFrench and lin-guistics—thestudy of lan-guage—at theW h e e l i n gJesuit Univer-sity in West

Virginia. Her thesis wasto learn how languagesevolve when they comeinto contact with otherlanguages as populationsmerge. In the UnitedStates, there are numer-ous examples of this phe-nomenon, due to continu-al waves of immigrationthat peopled this “melt-ing pot” of a nation. Ifthey still speak their

native tongues, how hasthe language of theseItalians, Russians, Poles,Scandinavians, Greeks,Chinese, Japanese, andLatinos changed sincethey moved to America?

For Maher, on the tinyisland of Saint Barth, thequestion is diametricallythe opposite. How couldthree languages, ormaybe even four, haveendured on such a smallisland for so many years?On the leeward side, inthe neighborhoods ofCorossol, Flamand, andColombier, patois is spo-ken. On the windwardside, starting in Lorientand including Grand Cul-de-Sac, Toiny, andGrand-Fond, it’s Creole:Yet a Creole proper toSaint Barth, and differentfrom that of Guadeloupeor Martinique, for exam-ple. And there was anoth-er dialect, spoken unique-ly in Saline, but almostextinct today. In addition,In Gustavia, ever sincethe days when theSwedes traded in thissmall port, the languagefor all business negotia-tions has been English.

Maher had never steppedfoot in Saint Barth before

she started her study. Herfirst visit was in 1986,when she recorded thefirst of 70 interviews shedid with the local popula-tion, primarily old-timersfrom the four corners ofthe island. Maher hadalready been aware of afirst study on a similarsubject, a report byArnold Highfield aboutthe dialects of patois spo-ken by the Saint Barthmigrants in SaintThomas, in the AmericanVirgin Islands. Maherwent deeper, taking thesubject back to its roots,working as a historian totrace the origins of thesedifferent languages.While it is often said thatthe original settlers camefrom Normandy or Brit-tany, they came from allacross France in reality.In the 17th century, thefirst wave of French set-tlers came via Saint Kitts,otherwise called SaintChristophe, the firstFrench colony in theWest Indies.

What is surprising is thatone patois persisted onthe leeward side of theisland, even though theearly immigrants camefrom regions of Francewith different dialects.

Linguist Julianne Maher spent close to 20 years studying SaintBarthélemy as an interesting case of linguistics. How many diffe-rent languages—three at least—can cohabitate and survive on asmall island of just eight square miles? Maher presented herbook, The Survival of People and Languages, on Friday, Novem-ber 22 at the Saint Joseph Library in Lorient.

Saint Barth: One Island, How Many Languages?


St Barth Weekly n°289 3

“On this subject, opin-ions vary,” explainsMaher. “Is this patois anamalgam of the variouspatois spoken by themigrants in Saint-Barth?Was it already createdSaint Christophe?” sheasks as a possibility. Asfor the importation ofCreole to Saint Barth,this dates to the return ofmigrants who went toSaint Vincent around1747. When a possiblewar with the Englishmenaced the NorthernIslands, at least 100 peo-ple from Saint Barthdecided to leave theisland. This is document-ed in a letter from thegovernor of Martiniqueto the king of France.The governor worriedthey would come to Mar-tinique, as he did nothave land to give them.Instead, he advised themto do to Sainte Lucie butthey opted for Saint Vin-cent. There they discov-ered the various elementsof plantation culture,including Creole, the language born out ofslavery.

At least 20 years later,after peace with England,governor Descoudrelles,who commanded Saint

Martin and Saint Barth,wanted to repopulatethese two NorthernIslands, and the migrantswho had left for SaintVincent were happy toreturn, bringing Creolewith them. Why on thewindward side of theisland? “Because thatside of the island was lessprotected than the lee-ward side, and more vul-nerable to invasions. Theinhabitants there feltmore threatened andwere the ones who left,”conjectures Maher.

Now comes the mainquestion of the book.How these two languagescould cohabitate foralmost two centuries?Which the author suppos-es signifies the absenceof any exchange fromone side of the island—as small as it is—fromone side to the other.From the early days, thefamilies were spread outinto various neighbor-hoods, due to land own-ership. People ownedland that was inheritedfrom their parents, andoften lived close to them.This is often still thecase.

Maher also cites sociolo-

gist Emile Durkheim,who noted that societiesthat were not very diver-sified were not very unit-ed, in that there were fewexchanges amongstthem. According toMaher, this was the casein Saint Barth, where thefarmers tilled the land,the fishermen lived bythe sea, and they compet-ed for the same rathermeager resources.

In fact, one can say thatas long as the economicmisery lasted on theisland, the population ofSaint Barth, outside ofGustavia, did notexchange much as theyhad nothing to exchange.Maher gleaned this infor-mation from variousjournals written by theSwedish bourgeoisie,such as a doctor, whoobserved the rural popu-lation on a daily basis,and not without contempton occasion.

This separation of thepopulation into twoparishes that did notcommunicate from oneside of the island to theother would last until thedawn of tourism, when

an abundance ofresources would helpbring the populationtogether. Another unify-ing factor was the influ-ence of the island’sschools, where all classeswere taught in Frenchand where it was forbid-den to speak Creole orpatois, for fear of havingyour hands tapped with aruler. But the opening ofschools was late in com-ing as during theSwedish era, the Swedesinsisted that teaching bein Swedish, as the authorpoints out. “At the sametime, until the middle ofthe last century, very fewstudents went to school,”adds Maher.

Today, what is the situa-tion? What is happeningto the languages of SaintBarth? “Many of the peo-ple I questioned say thatCreole is disappearing,which is less the casewith patois,” Maher indi-cates. “But on Sunday, Iwas invited to have lunchwith a family in thewindward side of theisland. Everyone wasspeaking Creole,” shenotes.



S pectacular panoramic pho-tographs of St. Barth in anextra large full color book

titles St. Barth XL has just arrived. Three years visiting during allseasons were required to createthese special images. Some areviews even long time residentshave not seen. Very special nightviews in Gustavia are included.Some could only be created dur-

ing a full moonor after a heavyrain. Almost allimages arespread over 2pages, so mostare 30 inches x 11 inches. Allregions of St. Barth are included.Very limited quantities availableat: Les Artisans, La Casa AuxLivres, Chez Barnes, Le Select

Gift Shop and Cargo Art Gallery.

Contact the creator Edmund Gude-nas at [email protected]

ST BARTH XL BY EDMUND GUDENAS

I n Saint Barth, the mix ofenergy used to produce elec-tricity is very easy to catalog:

just about 100% diesel. Otherthan private generators, whichalso run on fuel, solely themotors at the EDF electric plantin Public produce electricity forthe island. Yet they are alreadyworking at full capacity. Evenwith the imminent addition oftwo new 8-megawatt motors, thatcapacity will not increase since inreality they will only be replacingtwo old motors that are obsolete,at least until 2016. At the sametime, the EDF notes that thedemand for electricity continuesto increase: “On an average of5% per year,” notes PascalMithois, director of EDFArchipel Guadeloupe. In themeantime, to meet this need, wehave to increase the range ofsolutions,” he adds. “And controlthe use of energy (don’t turn onthe air-conditioner with the win-dows open), and to develop sus-tainable energy.” With these

issues in mind, the island isexperimenting with wind energyon the little islet of Coco. Thepresident of the Collectivitymade the announcement at a Ter-ritorial Council meeting on Sep-tember 6. The project comprisestwo wind turbines provided bythe company, Akuo Energy, spe-cialists in renewable energy.Able to produce up to threemega-watts, these turbines canmeet 15% of the electricityrequired at the peak moment dur-ing they day: in optimal windconditions, of course. So far this

project is still on the drawingboards, as the conditions must beevaluated quite precisely, inmeasuring the force of the wind,as well as its direction. “Andespecially test its steadiness,”confirms Jean Ballandras, ofAkuo Energy. To do this, AkuoEnergy asked the Collectivity,which owns the islet, to install ameasuring tower. The energyproduced by one of more of thesewind turbines will be sold to theEDF, which will then resell it toits clients.

Saint Barth To Test Wind Energy



Julien Gréaux lives in Califor-nia, where he dreams of beco-ming a star in action films. Herecently self-produced a shortfilm titled Parabellum, whichhe hopes will serve as the keyto help open the doors of Hol-lywood studios.

Abodybuilder, his torso andlimbs sculpted from yearsof working out at the gym,

Julien Gréaux flexes his muscleson the cover of Fitness RX. This isthe ninth time he has been on thecover of an American magazine,but for this most recent issue, heasked for a favor from the publish-er: that his name be seen on thecover, as these champions withperfect washboard abs frequentlyappear anonymously. The coverline reads, “Julien Gréaux: Thenext action hero.”

At the age of 37, Julien Frognet-Gréaux (his full name) dreamsabout Hollywood, and following inthe footsteps of Jason Statham orJean-Claude Van Damme, as thenext hero in Hollywood actionfilms. And amazingly enough, heis not too far from that dream.Geographically, in any case: Forthe past 10 years, Gréaux has livedin Culver City, CA, close toVenice Beach, one of the sunnybeachfront towns close to LA. Thefamous Hollywood sign hovers afew miles away, a symbol of theMecca of filmmaking.

Gréaux recently completed a shortfilm in which he plays his first role.Titled Parabellum, it has all theelements to please fans of actionfilms: fights, gunshots, car chases(the short will be seen at the StBarth Film Festival, in April 2014).And Gréaux wrote the scenariohimself, telling the story of a

Frenchman who gets out of prisonand decides to try his luck in LosAngeles. But he gets involved witha corrupt cop who forces him intohis schemes, and the hero findshimself with the police and crooksafter him. In other words, he hashis fare share of difficulties, butthen again, the life of an actionhero is not made of evenings spentin front of the television.

On a visit to Saint Barth lastsummer, Gréaux indicated that heentrusted the film to two youngFrench directors with experiencein video clips, Mike Feenix andPasquale Pagano. “They are alsodoing this film to prove them-selves as filmmakers,” Gréauxexplains. They all hope that this20-minute short will be the keyto help them open the doors tothe studios. Gréaux’s friendshelped out as well, some areactors who lent their services,others put money on the table tohelp pay for the film. The filmwas self-produced by Gréaux,with a grant from the Collectivityof Saint Barth to cover some ofthe costs. But this is just the beginning of a

story that Gréaux promises to fin-ish. On the condition he can findprofessional producers next time.Over the past 10 years, he hasalready knocked at their doors afew times, most recently that ofLuc Besson, director of La FemmeNikita or The Big Blue amongmany others, and head of Europa-Corp film company, a major play-er in Hollywood. He also createdthe series, Transporteur, withJason Statham in the title role.What if the British actor didn’twant to appear in the fourth opus?Could we see Julien Gréaux in thecast of Transporteur 4? The actorfrom Saint Barth believes in hisfuture, be it in one film or another.And just how far can someone go,if he believes in his dreams?

Ever since he was a child, Gréauxhas studied martial arts, first judo,then karate, and Thai boxing. Plusweight lifting, which he startedwhen his mother, Jeanne-Marie,ran a small gym in Saint Barthwhere he worked as a gardener.“One day I was working in PatrickDemarchelier’s villa (the famousfashion photographer),” he recalls.“I said to myself, ‘if you want to

A Saint Barth Native On The Road To Hollywood



have the same kind ofvilla, it’s not working asa gardener that you willhave one.” In 2002, heleft that life behind. Andflew to Los Angeles withtwo gym bags, and $400in his pocket.

For the past 10 years,Gréaux has split his timeworking as a trainer atthe celebrated Gold’sGym in Venice Beach,and odd jobs, such assecurity for parties andspecial events, often inHollywood. In both cas-es, either at the gym or at

work, Gréaux metsome of his role mod-els from the world ofaction films. A certainJean-Claude VanDamme, for example.“Van Damme? I haveknown him for 10years,” confirmsGréaux. “And thatmakes 10 years thathe says he can see mein his next film,”Gréaux says with alaugh.

One can easily seethat Gréaux has thephysique for the job,

with the steel blue eyesof many Saint Barthnatives, and a winningsmile. And of course, thatmusculature, which hasput him on the cover of50 fitness magazines todate. “I considered that asa stepping stone,” heexplains. “First I had tobuild my physique, cre-ate an image. Then trymy luck. I know that Iam not an actor, but asfar as I know ArnoldSchwarzenegger wasn’teither,” he says confi-dently. Yet he says there

are people who don’tbelieve he can make it.“They tell me I am tooshort or I have a SaintBarth accent. But VanDamme isn’t too tall andhe made it with a Belgianaccent. Schwarzeneggerhas an Austrian accent,”he adds.

“Van Damme told me itwould take at least 10years to make my debut,”Gréaux notes, “So I stillhave time I have tobelieve in myself, that isindispensable in Califor-nia. In LA everyonewants to be an actor. Thewaiter, the cashier, theguy who sweeps thefloor. Even the police.

The other day I was talk-ing to a policeman in uni-form. On the seat of hiscar, I saw his headshots.He explained that hegoes to auditions on hisdays off.”

To increase his notorietyduring his recent visit toSaint Barthélemy,Gréaux had his picturetaken on the beach inFlamands by a friendwho is a paparazzo,who then sent the pho-tos to his agency LosAngeles. As Gréauxsays with a very whiteWest Coast smile: “Asthey say in California,you have to fake it, untilyou make it.”

A Saint Barth Native On The Road To Hollywood


Bagatelle 05.90.27.51.51Bar de l’Oubli 05.90.27.70.06Bête à Z’Ailes (BAZ Bar) 05 90 29 74 09Black Ginger 05.90.29.21.03Bonito 05.90.27.96.96Café Victoire 05.90.29.02.39Côté Port 05.90.87.79.54Do Brazil 05.90.29 06 66Eddy’s Restaurant 05.90.27 54 17Gustav’ 05.90.27.73.00L’Entracte 05.90.27.70.11L’Isola Ristorante 05.90.51.00.05L’Isoletta 05.90.52.02.02La Crêperie 05 90 27 84 07La Cantina 05.90.27.55.66Le Carré 05.90.52.46.11Le Repaire 05.90.27 72 48Le Vietnam 05 90 27 81 37Les Coulisses 05.90.29 52 24Ocean 05.90.52.45.31Pipiri Palace 05.90.27 53 20The Strand 05.90.27.63.77Thi Widi 05 90 27 90 60Wall House 05.90.27 71 83

Le Régal 05.90.27 85 2

Santa Fé 05.90.27.61.04

Maya’s 05.90.27.75.73

Mango Bar restaurant (Lunch) 05.90.27.63.63Taïno Restaurant (Diner & Lounge) 05.90.27.63.63Ti St-Barth 05.90.27 97 71

Casa Flamands (Taïwana) 05.90.27 65 01Chez Rolande 05.90.27.54.42La Case de l’Ile (Isle de France) 05.90.27 61 81La Langouste 05.90.27.63.61Spice of St Barth 06.90.54.41.42

Mango Bar restaurant (Lunch) 05.90.27.63.63Taïno Restaurant (Diner & Lounge) 05.90.27.63.63Ti St-Barth 05.90.27 97 71

Le Gaïac (Hôtel Le Toiny) 05.90.29.77.47

Esprit 05.90.52.46.10Grain de Sel 05.90.52 46 05Meat & Potatoes 05 90 51 15 98

La Table de Jules 05.90.29 76 78Le Bouchon 05 90 27 79 39Le Wok 05 90 27 52 52Le Portugal à St Barth 05 90 27 68 59Koya Sushi 05 90 52 96 17

Chez Yvon 05.90.29 86 81Rackham le Rouge (Le Manapany) 05.90.27.66.55

Chez Joe (Airport) 05.90.27.71.40Eden Rock 05.90.29 79 99Hideaway 05.90.27.63.62Kiki e Mo 05.90.27.90.65La Rôtisserie 05.90.29.75.69Le Glacier 05 90 27 71 30Le Jardin 05 90 27 73 62La Plage 05.90.52.81.33Maya to Go 05.90.29.83.70Me Gusta 06.90.30.81.81Nikki Beach 05.90.27.64.64Txerri Gorria 'Cochon Rouge' 05.90.52.20.96

Bartoloméo (Hôtel Guanahani) 05.90.27 66 60Indigo (Hôtel Guanahani) 05.90.27.66.60Le Sereno 05.90.29.83.00O’Corail 05.90.29.33.27La Gloriette 05.90.29.85.71

Les Bananiers 05.90.27.93.48

Gustavia

Anse des Cayes

Saint Jean

Grand Cul de Sac

Pointe Milou

Lorient

Lurin

Public

Flamands

Saline

Toiny

Pointe Milou

Corossol

Colombier

GASTRONOMY8 St Barth Weekly n°289


St Barth Weekly n°289 9TIME OUT

Live Music� Through December 14- AABARAKI, from 9pm tomidnight, Bete A Z'Ailes, � Every FridayLadies Night @ Bagatelle� Thursday, December 5- DJ Yo One Sutterat Bonito- Lady's First @ First- Diner Cabaret withshow girls at Ti St Barth- Soley in live @ LesCoulisses, Gustavia- Blues and Rock, withManu Lanvin in live, from11pm at First, Gustavia.� Friday, December 6- Soley in live @ Le Grain de Sel, Saline- I Love Friday @ La PlageRestaurant, Dinner musicwith DJ Yo-One, Cristina'sPole Dancing Show, WildSide Fashion Show @ LaPlage Restaurant, Saint-Jean- DJ Maxx-C at Bonito- Live music with PierreNesta from 5 at Zen Bar, Do Brazil- Madness Week End @Ti St Barth, Pointe Milou� Saturday December 7- Bikini Brunch, from 12pm,Music by DJ Yo-One @LaPlage Restaurant- Lunch with Live Musicwith Robb, from noon atMango, Christopher Hotel- DJ Yo One Sutter atBonito, Gustavia- Live Music with Soley &Co from 8pm at Taiwana- Madness Week End@Ti St Barth, Pointe Milou� Sunday, December 8- Black Sunday @ First- Live music with PierreNesta from 5 at Zen Bar, Do Brazil- Live music for the Brunchwith Robb from 11am @ Toiny Hotel.- Live Music by Robb for din-ner @ La Plage Restaurant

- Amazing Sunday "Caribbean Beach Party " @ Nikki Beach- Live Music with Soley &Co from 8pm at Bonito� Monday, December 9- Deejay Session from3:00pm to 7pm @ Do Brazil� Tuesday December 10- Live music with PierreNesta from 5 at Zen Bar, Do Brazil, Gustavia- Brazilian Evening : LiveMusic with Soley & CaravanStyle, bossa-nova, samba...from 7:30pm @ Christopher- DJ Yo One Sutterat Bonito,- Pierre Nesta for the Sunsetfrom 5:00pm @ Do Brazil- Diner Cabaret withshow girls at Ti St Barth� Wednesday, December 11- Live Music with Soley &Co from 8pm at Taiwana- Diner Cabaret withshow girls at Ti St BarthPointe Milou� Thursday, December 12- Dinner with Live musicwith Pierre Nesta @ Do Brazil, Gustavia

Night Club� Tuesday, Wednesday &ThursdayDj K-RISM @ Yacht Club� Friday & SaturdayDj Patris Geraud from StTropez @ Yacht Club

Fashion Show � Daily Fashion Shows- Fashion Show: every lunch& dinner, La Plage� Every Tuesday6:30pm: Fashion show atCase de l’Isle, Hotel Isle deFrance, Flamands� Sunday, December Fashion Show Sunday from2pm @ Nikki Beach,St Barth

Exhibitions� Through December 13Art Exhibition of KAY Quat-trocchi for her collectionNeutrinos & Higgs Boson atChristopher Hotel� Through, December 15,- Jean-Yves Lefort atLes Artisans, GustaviaOpening reception at 6pm,on Friday, November 29- «Art, Text and FirePoems,» Robert Mont-gomery, Jean-Charles deCastelbajac, and BlairChivers at Eden Rock

- Raimundo Figueroa, LaVida Baila, a beautiful lim-ited series of 12 unique smallframed collage works Space SBH - Carré D'Or - Dave Stevenson, Alain leChatelier, Jean Yves Lefortat Les Artisans,

- Modernisme art & An-tiques, Camaruche Gallery- Wolfgang Ludes, Jean-Philippe Piter, Antoine Ver-glas at Clic Gallery, Gustavia- Group show at PipiriPalace, Gustavia- Works by Cyrille Margarit,Nikki Beach- Olivia Lerolle & JohannaAstrie at Do Brazil

� Art Galleries - Modernisme art & An-tiques, Camaruche Gallery- TomBeachArtStudio, - Clic Gallery, Gustavia- Pipiri Palace, Gustavia- Les Artisans, Gustavia- SpaceSBH Gallery,

� Artist’s Collection - Pompi, Petit Cul de Sac- Hannah Moser, Cul de Sac- Mitchell Summer, Toiny- Kay Quattrocchi, Salines

Where to go dancing? See an art exhibit? Listen to live music?Time Out keeps you up to date on local happenings. Let’s party !

��

Michel and his staff are happy to welcome you to their pool-side restaurant for lunch & dinner.

Holiday special, in addition to our regular menu. Lobsters Fresh From The Tank

100 g for 7,00 euros

Hôtel Baie des Anges • Flamands • 0590 27 63 61


Looking forProperty manager(Female) with over 12years of experience,speaking French, Eng-lish and Spanish islooking for propertymanagement. Seriousreferences availableupon request 0690 2634 68 or [email protected]

Real EstateFor sale, this luxurioustwo bedroom apartmentsituated in a complexset above Gustavia withamazing views over theharbor and beyond toSt Martin and the sun-set. The complex offersa community pool and

is within walking dis-tance to restaurants,boutiques and ShellBeach. Offered at € 1,990,000. St. Barth Properties Sotheby’s InternationalRealty: 0590 29 75 05

For sale, property situ-ated on the hillside inVitet is set in a lushtropical garden. It fea-tures three bedrooms,three baths with pooland gazebo. Two addi-tional bedrooms andone bath are located onthe lower level andhave a private entrance.It has excellent poten-tial for annual rental.

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Rescue At Sea 05 90 27 57 58/ 06 90 64 08 07 Gendarmerie 05 90 27 11 70Hospital 05 90 27 60 35Fire dept. 18 / 05 90 27 62 31Doctor on call 05 90 90 13 13Pharmacy Airport 05 90 27 66 61

Gustavia 05 90 27 61 82Saint Jean 05 90 29 02 12

Tourism office 05 90 27 87 27Harbour 05 90 27 66 97Boat company Voyager 05 90 87 10 68Airlines companyWinair 05 90 27 61 01

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Town Hall 05 90 29 80 40EDF (electricity company office) 05 90 29 80 81Water system 05 90 27 60 33Marine Reserve 06 90 31 70 73

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� Classified adsMASTHEADPublished by

"Le Journal de Saint-Barth" issn-1766-9278

Ph. : 0590.27.65.19

[email protected]

Director & layout : Avigaël Haddad

Chief Editor:Hugo Lattard

English texts & Translations : Ellen Lampert Greaux

Photos : Rosemond Gréaux

Advertising : Nabil 0690 770 070

Impression : Prim Services

Offered at € 1,810,000. St. Barth Properties Sotheby’s InternationalRealty: 0590 29 75 05

For sale, this charming three bed-room, three bathroom villa inPetite Saline is perched on one ofthe highest points in St Barth. Itboasts amazing views in multipledirections (including the sunset)and offers 100% privacy. Thevilla enjoys an excellent rentalhistory. Offered at $ 3,550,000. St. Barth Properties Sotheby’s InternationalRealty: 0590 29 75 05

Modern 2 bedroom villa - Con-temporary styling & classic villalayout with sweeping views overPetit Cul de Sac. Additional undeveloped room for

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Welcome [] on the languages spo-ken in Saint Barthélemy. Maher taught French and lin-guistics—the...

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Transcript of Welcome [] on the languages spo-ken in Saint Barthélemy. Maher taught French and lin-guistics—the...