Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana

WELCOME

1

Punjab Agriculture and Mechanisation

2

Ø After independence in 1947, there were 17 agricultural

and veterinary colleges, just producing graduates.

Ø State Departments of Agriculture and Community

Development executed research and extension.

Ø On account of partition of India in 1947, the famous Lyallpur Agricultural College fell to the share of Pakistan.

Ø By 1955, a modern college building was constructed for the college of agriculture.

Ø In 1962, The Punjab Agricultural University was established at Ludhiana, on Land Grant Pattern with the help of Ohio Sate University, USA

Agriculture Education in India

Source: pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABJ266.pdf

Ø PAU now has four constituent colleges:

Ø College of Agriculture

Ø College of Agricultural Engineering & Tech.

Ø College of Home science and

Ø College of Basic Sciences & Humanities.

Ø At present the university has:

Ø 35 departments

Ø 9 research stations

Ø 4 seed farms

Ø 17 Extension centres

Ø 10 Under Graduate (2142), 43 Master's (1379) and 29 Ph.D. (361) programmes.

Ø In recognition of its outstanding achievements in agricultural research, education and extension, it was adjudged the Best Agricultural University in India in 1995 by ICAR.

Agriculture Education in Punjab

4

GREEN

REVOLUTION

of

INDIA Late 60s and early 70s

Varieties developed/released (772) (National Level-155)

Name of Crop No. of varieties Name of Crop No. of varieties

Wheat 63 Fodder 41

Barley 11 Sugarcane 24

Rice 39 Vegetables 171

Maize 36 Fruits 138

Cotton 44 Flowers 33

Pulses 56 Mushroom 9

Soybean 9 Forest Crops 14

Oilseeds 62 New Crops 4

Pearl millet 15 Green Manuring

Crops 3

5

Popularity of PAU Wheat Varieties in Other States

PBW 343 PBW 373 PBW 443

PBW 533 PBW 596

PBW 644 PBW 621 PBW 550 PBW 502 PBW 343 PBW 373 PBW 590 PDW 314

PDW 291 PDW 233

6

VARIETIES RELEASED IN OTHER COUNTRIES

Wheat WL 711 (Pakistan)

Rice PR 106 (Venezuela)

Maize Vijay (Pakistan, Nepal)

Chickpea C 235 (Australia)

In addition contributed germplasm towards international breeding programs in wheat, maize and rice

7

Contribution of PAU

Subsidiary Occupation: Bee Keeping

Italian bee (Apis

mellifera) introduced

(1964)

-Punjab produces 37%

of national honey

-33000 bee keepers

-500 thousand bee

colonies

0

7500

15000

22500

30000

37500

19

76

19

84

19

92

19

98

20

02

20

05

20

07

20

09

Year

Beekeepers 33,000

Honey

14,000 Tonnes

20

13

9

Mushroom Production

High yielding cultivars and production technology for year-round production

(40% of national production)

1 4 6 15

22

35

50 48

7

25

40

50

60

70

120 125

0

35

70

105

140

1990 1994 1998 2000 2004 2008 2012 2014

Pro

du

cti

on

(x 0

00 M

T)

Punjab India

10 Year

Punjab is food basket of India

Cropping Intensity : 190%

Irrigated area : 97%

Punjab, geographical is 1.5% of the country

Has 11% tractors of the country

It Produces much higher proportions of various

commodities:

Wheat : 22% Rice : 11%

Cotton : 10% Milk : 10%

Honey : 37% Mushroom : 40%

• Upto 40% rice and 70 % wheat in the central food pool of the country

Growth of Farm Machinery in Punjab

Relationship between farm power and productivity in different states of India

• Power availability varying from 0.60 kW/ha in Orissa to 3.5 kW/ha in Punjab:

•Average of India : 1.6 KW/ha

TRENDS OF TRACTOR SALE

INDIAN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY INDUSTRY

Rs. 35,000 Crore Industry

INDIAN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY INDUSTRY

Ø 250 Medium to Large Scale

Units

Ø 2,500 Small Scale Industries

Ø 15,000 Tiny Industries

Ø 1,00,000 Village level Artisans

INDIAN AGRIL MACHINERY INDUSTRY ANNUAL PRODUCTION

Machine Number

Cultivator 90,000

Disc Harrow 50,000

Mould Board Plough 15,000

Rotavator 1,00,000

Seeder and Planter 60,000

Reapers 15000

Threshers 50,000

Combine harvesters 5,000

Machinery for Seedbed Preparation

CULTIVATOR

ROTAVATOR LASER LAND LEVELER DISC HARROW

DEEP TILLAGE, upto 18 inches

• Function : Sowing directly under unprepared field

• Machine capacity : 0.4ha/h

• Saving : 80-90 % (cost of sowing)

• Saving : 70-80 % (fuel)

Tractor Drawn No-till Drill

SEEDING & PLANTING MACHINERY

Function: For planting potato seeds

Automatic Potato Planter

Multi-crop semi-automatic transplanters

Brassica

Brinjal

Cabbage Cauliflower

Rice transplanter and nursery

raising techniques

Function: For uniform and effective application of

weedicides and chemicals on vegetables and row crops

Self Propelled Boom Sprayer

REAPERS AND COMBINE HARVESTERS

Different Versions of Grain Thresher

Drummy Type, 60s & 70s

Hammer Mill, 70s to early 80s

Syndicator Type, and Spike Tooth Type Late 70s to Early 90s

Haramba, Early 80s onward Complete combine

harvesters

• Power Required: 45+ hp Tractor

• Functon : Straw collection & bruising

• Crops : Wheat

• Capacity : 1.0 acre/h (=1500 kg straw)

Straw combine

Fodder Harvesters: Reapers to complete solution

HAPPY

SEEDER

Function : Zero tillage sowing with mulch

Number : 614

Area coverage: 16000 ac

Number of Laser Land Levelers

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

8 150 550

1000

2000

4100

5500

7200

0

350000

700000

1050000

1400000

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

1312 25900 116150

280172

608165

1320134 1400000

Area Covered (ha)

LASER LEVELER:

A Recent intervention

Saves about 15-20% water

Drip Irrigation and Fertigation

Crop Water Saving (%)

Spring maize 40

Wheat 23

Spring Sunflower 33

Potato 38

Chilli 46

Onion 43

Pea 50

Brinjal 44

Fertilizer saving – 20%

Yield increase – 15-50% 31

PROTECTED CULTIVATION

Capsicum, tomato, brinjal, cucumber

and papaya

Higher yield

Quality production

Advancing maturity

Increasing span of availability

32

AGRO-PROCESSING

COMPLEXES FOR

VALUE ADDITION

May include:

Flour mill

Mini rice mill

Baby oil expeller

Feed mill

Spice grinder

Legume mill

Cotton ginning

machine etc

More than 270 units

are in operation in

Punjab

Huller-cum-Sheller mills (Engelberg hullers)

• Dehusking and polishing are done in the same machine with 30-35%

recovery

Modern rice mill

1.Most of the traditional rice mills have been replaced with rubber roll

dehusker and cone type emery polisher with capacity of 2-3 q/h in rural

areas Punjab

2.Organised modern rice milling systems has capacity 2-4 tonnes per hour

3.There are more than 2500 modern rice mills in Punjab

• High rice recovery, 67-70 % and low breakage

Rice Milling Industry is ultra modern now

Manual rice pounding in 60s was prevalent

Growth of Family Size Biogas Plants in Punjab: Fixed dome type developed in 1978

25000

170000

0

45000

90000

135000

180000

1980 2015

Number of Family Size Biogas Plants

Number of Family Size Biogas Plants

MULTI-PRODUCT SOLAR COKERS, DRYERS AND WATER HEATERS

A VIEW OF KISAN FAIR AT PAU CAMPUS

VERY STRONG EXTENSION PROGRAM

Training on Use, Repair and Maintenance of Tractors

We can do what we learnt from Ohio Sate

University.

Even more than that. » A comprehensive plan required through:

»Strong academic programs

»Let the students come to India

»Let Indian experts visit partner countries

»Establishment of Agriculture Colleges

» Strong machinery manufacturing facilities

» Training of technicians and operators

» Presence of Indian Manufacturers

» Development of local facilities: Manufacturing and

maintenance 39

How can we join hands?

Why India??

» Strong, well educated and experienced

human resource for academic and training

» Well established manufacturers with world

class standards

» Low cost manufacturing facilities

» Indian technologies/machines are much

simple and start from simple hand tools

» Low cost tools and farm machinery

40

Let us work together!

Thank you

41

Sunflower Thresher

1987

Liaison Amar Agri. Implements, Ludhiana and Sonalika, Hoshiarpur

No of Manufacturers 15

No of Machines in Punjab 250

Annual Production 2000

Maize Thresher 2003

Groundnut Thresher 1971: Revived in 2005

Paddy Thresher

1970

Liaison Madho Agril. Works, Moga

No. of Manufacturers /

Suppliers

50+

No. of Machines in

Punjab

200+

Annual Production 8000-10000

Mechanization in Potato Cultivation 1974

2000

1994

Belt-Cup and Automatic Potato Planter

Liaison Sehra Field Works, Jalandhar Guru Nanak Agri Works,

Jalandhar

Droli, Moga

Annual Production 500-600 500 600

Belt-Cup and Automatic Potato Planter

•Machines imported from Erstwhile Soviet Union •Demonstrated and technology transferred •Slow adoption •Included potato combine but could not be adopted •Efforts to import new harvesters from Itlay

Manual Multicrop Planter

• Power required : 2 persons

• Function : Sowing of bold grains like maize, sunflower, gram, groundnut, pea etc.

• Capacity : 1-1.5 acre/day

• Cost, Rs. : 2100/-

(Manual machine for small farms)

Hand Tools for Small Farmers

PROCESSING OF PULSES

Primary milling

Cleaning, grading and packaging

Secondary milling Removal of Seed Coat Splitting of Cotyledon in Two Halves

CAPACITY – 100 KG PER HOUR

POWER – 1.5 HP

Mini dhal mill for secondary milling

SMALL SCALE OIL MILLING INDUSTRY

Traditional Kohlu (oil recovery

very low)

Modern oil expeller (high oil

recovery)

• All the Agro processing Complexes established in rural areas of Punjab (Approx. 275 numbers) use modern baby oil expellers

Mobile flour mill Small Scale Wheat Milling

• All the Agro processing Complexes established in rural areas of Punjab (Approx. 275 numbers) use small scale wheat milling system consisting of cleaner, scrubber (rullah) and slow moving Atta chakki (250 rpm)

SIMPLE ATTA

CHAKKI

Declining Ag labor availability (% population)

RESEARCH COLLABORATION

• CGIAR Institutes: CIMMYT, IRRI, ICRISAT, ICARDA, CIAT

• The World Vegetable Centre (AVRDC), Taiwan

• University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA

• Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA

• Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

• Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA

• Olds College, Alberta, Canada

• University of Western Australia, Australia

• ACAIR, Australia

52

Ø The Second Joint Indo-American Team set up on 12 Sep­tember, 1959 was headed by Dr. M S Randhawa as Vice President of the Indian Council of Agricul­tural Research. It had three representatives of American Land-Grant universities. The Team submitted its report on July 11, 1960.

Ø The Team recommended that assistance in establishment of an

agricultural university should only be granted when there was adherence to basic principles such as:

1. Autonomous status,

2. Location of Agricultural, Veterinary Animal Husbandry, Home Science, Technological and Science Colleges on the same campus,

3. Integration of teaching by offering courses in any of these institutions to provide a composite course, and

4. Integration of education, research and ex­tension.

Agriculture Education in India

Source: pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABJ266.pdf

Ø On the basis of this blueprint, U P Govt. submitted a proposal to Govt. of India in September, 1956 to establish an Agricultural University at Rudrapur in Terai, now called Pantnagar

Ø In 1960, the Govt. of India appointed a committee headed by Dr. Ralph W. Cummings to advise the State Governments on the legislation for the establishment of Agricultural Universities.

Ø This was an important milestone in the development of these universities.

Ø Relationship of Indian Agricultural Universities with the U. S. Land Grant Universities were established as:

§ Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University : University of Illinois § Punjab Agricultural University : Ohio State University § Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University : Kansas State University § University of Udaipur : Ohio State University, § Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidvalaya : University of Illinois § Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology : University of Missouri § Mysore University of Agricultural Sciences : University of Tennessee § Maharashtra Agricultural University : Pennsylvania State University

Agriculture Education in India

Source: pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABJ266.pdf

SOME SELECTED INDICATORS OF GROWTH OF PUNJAB AGRICULTURE

2011-12

17.98

5097

10.54

3741

29.08

-

-

98

-

1384

476

7.88

4.15

190

Name of Machinery No. of Machinery

Tractor 4, 25,200

Disc Harrow 2, 24,300

Seed cum Fertilizer drill 1, 83,400

Knapsack Spray Pump 6, 55,000

Combine (Tractor operated + Self Propelled)

14670

Thresher 3, 00,000

Straw reaper 32,900

Maize Sheller /Thresher 1,850

Potato Planter 5,250

Tubewell Electrical/Diesel Run 13, 75, 517

Zero Till Drill 10,300

Rotavator 6,720

No. of tractors/ha 0.10

Status of Agricultural Machinery in Punjab

Year Paddy** Wheat Cotton* Sugarcane

A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y

1970-71 390 688 1765 2229 5145 2238 397 866 371 128 5270 41

1980-81 1183 3233 2733 2812 7677 2730 648 1178 309 71 3920 55

1990-91 2015 6506 3229 3273 12155 3715 701 1909 463 101 6000 55.4

2000-01 2612 8816 3545 3408 15551 4563 600 1500 425 121 7770 64.2

2010-11 2818 10542 3741 3510 16472 4693 506 1597 537 70 4170 59.6

AREA, PRODUCTION AND YEILD OF MAJOR CROPS OF PUNJAB

(*Source: Directorate of Cotton Development, Mumbai & NCIPM , New Delhi)

(**Source: Status Paper on Rice in Punjab Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, PAU)

A = Area in ‘000 ha P = Production in ‘000 tonne (* in thousand bales) Y = Yield in kg/ha (* lint yield)