WEIGHT LOSS AND DEHYRATION PRACTICES OF DIVISION III WEIGHT LOSS AND DEHYRATION PRACTICES OF DIVISION III WEIGHT LOSS AND DEHYRATION PRACTICES OF DIVISION III WEIGHT LOSS AND DEHYRATION PRACTICES OF DIVISION III WEIGHT LOSS AND DEHYRATION PRACTICES OF DIVISION III WEIGHT LOSS AND DEHYRATION PRACTICES OF DIVISION III

WRESTLERS 2010 WRESTLERS 2010 WRESTLERS 2010 WRESTLERS 2010 WRESTLERS 2010 WRESTLERS 2010 B. Syverson, S. Mackenthun, A. Olson, PhD, RD, LD, M. Campos, PhD,B. Syverson, S. Mackenthun, A. Olson, PhD, RD, LD, M. Campos, PhD,

College of Saint Benedict/St. John’s UniversityCollege of Saint Benedict/St. John’s UniversityCollege of Saint Benedict/St. John’s UniversityCollege of Saint Benedict/St. John’s University

Department of NutritionDepartment of NutritionDepartment of NutritionDepartment of Nutrition

Introduction Results

•Urine osmolalities decreased on the day of competition

Introduction Results

•Wrestlers use dehydration to lose weight before a

meet

•Urine osmolalities decreased on the day of competition

compared to 2-3 days beforemeet

•Restricting food and fluid intake and increasing

physical activity to shed weight

compared to 2-3 days before

•Two days before meet mean osmolality 1017

158 mOsm/L (range 724-1313 mOsm/L)physical activity to shed weight

•Deaths of three colligate wrestlers in 1997 led to a

new NCAA Weight Certification Program to prevent

158 mOsm/L (range 724-1313 mOsm/L)

•Day of competition osmolality 962 207

mOsm/L (range 739-1310 mOsm/L)new NCAA Weight Certification Program to prevent

severe weight loss practices

mOsm/L (range 739-1310 mOsm/L)

•These two osmolalities were not significantly

different different

• Average weight loss 2.09 1.3kg [0.4-4.31 kg]

•No correlation between number of pounds lost and rise in Methods •No correlation between number of pounds lost and rise in

urine osmolalityMethods

•Approval from Institutional Review Board and

informed consent were obtained.

urine osmolality

•Hydration status improved prior to competition: 72% of

wrestlers were significantly dehydrated 2-3 days before a Urine Osmolalities of College Wrestlers at the Beginning informed consent were obtained.

•Division III college wrestlers, ages 18-22 (n=12),

provided urine samples and body weights 2-3 days

wrestlers were significantly dehydrated 2-3 days before a

meet and 68% were on the day of the meet

•Two individuals were seriously dehydrated two days 1400

Urine Osmolalities of College Wrestlers at the Beginning

and End of a Week Prior to a Competitionprovided urine samples and body weights 2-3 days

before and on the day of the meet (before

•Two individuals were seriously dehydrated two days

before the meet, and only one on meet day

•Primary methods for making weight: 1300

1400

Seriously Dehydratedbefore and on the day of the meet (before

competition)

•Four trials were conducted

•Primary methods for making weight:

• Fluid restriction 75%

•Calorie restriction 62.5%1100

1200

1300

Osm

ola

rity

(m

Osm

/L)

Seriously Dehydrated

•Four trials were conducted

•Three day diet records were also collected from

participants and analyzed using Diet Analysis Plus v.8

•Calorie restriction 62.5%

•Excessive exercise 50%900

1000

1100

Osm

ola

rity

(m

Osm

/L)

Significantly Dehydratedparticipants and analyzed using Diet Analysis Plus v.8

•Urine samples analyzed using the Fiske 110

osmometer 700

800

900

Osm

ola

rity

(m

Osm

/L)

Significantly Dehydrated

Total Caloric, Fluid and Protein Intakes 2-3 Days Before osmometer

600

700

Osm

ola

rity

(m

Osm

/L)

Total Caloric, Fluid and Protein Intakes 2-3 Days Before

and on the Day of Competition (n=4)

400

500

600

Osm

ola

rity

(m

Osm

/L)

Minimally Dehydrated Nutrient of

Interest

2-3 Days Before

Competition

Day of

Competition

Body Weight Loss 2-3 Days Prior to Competition and Urine Osmolality the Day of Competition

300

400

1-3 Day of 1-3 Day of 1-3 Day of 1-3 Day of

Well HydratedInterest Competition Competition

Total Kilocalories 1849 ± 896 Kcal 1508 ± 9 Kcal

Osmolality the Day of CompetitionSubject Number Weight Loss (kgs) Urine Osmolality

(mOsm/L) 1-3 Day of 1-3 Day of 1-3 Day of 1-3 Day of

Day of Urine Collection Prior to Competion

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4

Total Kilocalories 1849 ± 896 Kcal 1508 ± 9 Kcal

Total Fluid 2.06 ± 0.7 L 0.87 ±0.6 L

(mOsm/L)0542 0.40 957

2.8 1200 Day of Urine Collection Prior to Competion Total Fluid 2.06 ± 0.7 L 0.87 ±0.6 L

Total Protein 66.5 ± 4 g 63.0 ± 44 g

2.8 12000757 4.09 1007

1.68 1157

ConclusionAcknowledgements

1.68 11579998 2.95 1068

1.54 1310 ConclusionAcknowledgements1.54 13104064 2.72 11011696 4.31 730 •Despite the implementation of the NCAA Wrestler

Weight Certification program , wrestlers are still •The CSB/SJU Undergraduate Research Program.

•Brandon Novak and the Saint John’s University wrestling

1696 4.31 7301096 2.77 10224510 1.72 825

Weight Certification program , wrestlers are still

entering competition significantly dehydrated•Brandon Novak and the Saint John’s University wrestling

team for their participation

•SJU Athletic photographers Dawid Chadowski and John

4510 1.72 8253.31 824

2371 0.60 865 •SJU Athletic photographers Dawid Chadowski and John

Biasi2371 0.60 865

2.40 937