Weeks address at Global Women's Summit, 16 November 2001
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Transcript of Weeks address at Global Women's Summit, 16 November 2001
Trends in Women’s Entrepreneurship
Think Globally & Locally,
Act Locally & Globally
Julie R. Weeks
President & CEO
Womenable
If You Remember Nothing Else …
• We know a lot more, but not enough
• Gender gaps are real, vary widely globally, but may not always be what we think they are
• Action lags knowledge
• Exhortation alert: the Womenable Manifesto
Do Women and Men Have Equality of Circumstance & Opportunity? Not Yet
Economic Participation
Educational Attainment
Political Participation
Health & Survival 0
50
100
Source: World Economic Forum, Global Gender Gap Report 2011
The Playing Field is NOT Level
• Women only own 1% of the world’s property
• There are 1 or more legal differences between women and men that limit women’s economic opportunity in ¾ of economies studied
• In all MENA countries, women have fewer inheritance rights than men
• In 2/3 of countries, legal rights of women decline with marriage
• 44 countries restrict # hrs women can work; 71 restrict types of industries
Entrepreneurial Prevalence Rates Consistently Lower for Women
Women Men Women Men Women Men
7.611.7 14.4
19.6
4.38.2
4.6
8.26.6
12.2
3.6
7.9
EstablishedEarly stage
Low/Mid Income Low/Mid High IncomeEurope/Asia Income LAC Countries
% A
dults
Ow
ning
a B
usin
ess
19.9% 21%
31.8%
7.9%
16.1%
Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Women & Entrepreneurship report, 2007
12.2%
What Do We Know About Women Business Owners Globally?
• Women typically own 1/4 to 1/3 of formal sector businesses
• Women own a much larger share of informal enterprises
• Entrepreneurial prevalence rates for women lower than for men
• Legal, cultural barriers greater for women business owners in certain regions of the world
“Globally, women control 65% of consumer discretionary spending. By 2028, they will control 75%.”~ Boston Consulting Group (2009)
“Closing the gap between male and female employment rates would have huge implications for the global economy – boosting US GDP by as much as 9%, Eurozone GDP by 13%, and Japanese GDP by 16%.”~ Goldman Sachs (2007)
The International Development Community is Taking Up the Challenge
• New UN Women superagency
• World Bank – Global Development report; IFC women in business team
• OECD, APEC, IADB, AfDB, ADB all focused on WED
• International development agencies - DCED
The State of Women-Owned Firms in the United States
• Women-owned firms in US continue to grow in number at rates exceeding nat’l average
• Increasing diversity – by industry sector and ethnically
• Still “punch below weight” in employment & revenue – but deeper analysis adds new insights
Women Own Nearly 1 in 3 US BusinessesYet Contribute a Much Smaller Share of Employment, Revenue
% S
hare
, 201
1
American Express OPEN/Womenable estimates as of 2011, based on 1997-2007 data from US Census Bureau.
Growth in Number of Women-Owned Firms Exceeds National AverageBut Women-Owned Firms Lag in Employment/Revenue Growth
% C
han g
e, 1
997-
2 011
American Express OPEN/Womenable estimates as of 2011, based on 1997-2007 data from US Census Bureau.
Women-Owned Firms Found in All IndustriesIncreasing Diversity Means We Can Retire “Non-Traditional”
% S
hare
Wom
en-o
wne
d w
/in
Indu
s try
American Express OPEN/Womenable estimates as of 2011, based on 1997-2007 data from US Census Bureau.
29% among all industries
Average Per Firm Revenue in Women-Owned Firms Matches That in Male-Owned Firms – Up Until 500 Employee/$1M Revenue Marks
1-4/<$10K 5-9/$10-24.9K
10-19/$25-49.9K
20-49/$50-99.9K
50-99/$100-499K
100-499$500-
999K
500+/$1M+
9598 99 98 98 99
91
97 97 99 98 99 99
71
EmploymentRevenue
Avg. Employment/Revenue Per Firm
WO
B Av
g/M
OB
Avg
American Express OPEN/Womenable estimates as of 2011, based on 1997-2007 data from US Census Bureau.
Revenue Growth of Women-Owned Firms Exceeds Nat’l Average Except at $1M+ LevelMen-Owned Firms Lag Behind All But the Smallest Firms
% G
row
th in
Rev
enu e
s, 1
9 97-
2011
American Express OPEN/Womenable estimates as of 2011, based on 1997-2007 data from US Census Bureau.
Revenue Size of Firm
Overall avg revenue growth: 71.4%
Employment Growth of Women-Owned Firms Matches Nat’l Average Until 100-Employee Mark
% G
row
th in
Em
plo y
men
t , 19
97-2
0 11
American Express OPEN/Womenable estimates as of 2011, based on 1997-2007 data from US Census Bureau.
Employment Size of Firm
Overall avg employment growth: 16.8%
What About Women Business Owners Themselves?
• Manage & lead differently
• Motivations broader than dollars and cents
• Take a less linear path to and through business ownership
• From the outside, this can be mistaken for indecisiveness, risk-aversion, lack of ambition
Square Pegs into Round Holes, or …?
Why can't a woman be more like a man? Men are so honest, so thoroughly square;
Eternally noble, historic'ly fair; Who, when you win, will always give your
back a pat. Well, why can't a woman be like that?
Why does ev'ryone do what the others do?
Can't a woman learn to use her head? Why do they do ev'rything their mothers do? Why don't they grow up - well, like their father
instead? Why can't a woman take after a man?
The Womenable Manifesto
• Words matter: we need a lexicon leavening/terminology transplant
• Policies with possibility not proscription
• Programmatic/organizational collaboration, not competition
• Building an entrepreneurial “interstate system”
Words Matter: Changing our Lexicon
• Risk averse Risk aware
• Lifestyle business Bedrock/foundational business
• Less than Different from
How Should We Define Success?
• More than money
• Double, triple bottom line – measurement is key
• ROI, SROI
• 501(c)(3), B corporations
Policies with Possibility not Proscription;Organizations That Collaborate
• Golden handcuffs of WBC program
• One size fits all vs. one building/many doors
• Filling in missing links/linkages
• Organizational cooperation – a pipedream?
Building Entrepreneurial “Roads and Bridges”
• Building connections from an entrepreneur’s perspective (advisors, supporters, markets)
• Growth onramps (and offramps)
• A plethora of pathways (highways, secondary roads, scenic routes)
The World Needs Economically Empowered Women
• Workers in more gender-balanced teams are more engaged (Gallup)
• Diversity creates better groups, business outcomes and societies (Scott Page, University of Michigan)
• Women-led equity-backed firms yield higher ROI, lower failure (Illuminate Ventures)
• Countries w/ more economically empowered women have higher GDP, less violence (Stevenson/Lundstrom, United Nations)
X
“Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that
we are powerful beyond measure … Your playing small doesn’t serve the world …
And as we let our own light shine, we unconsciously give other people
permission to do the same. As we’re liberated from our own fear,
our presence automatically liberates others.”
~ Marianne Williamson, author & founder of The Peace Alliance