Week seven, the 1930s
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Transcript of Week seven, the 1930s
FDR and the New DealDr. John Holmes
U.S. History After 1877
Diablo Valley College San Ramon,
Summer 2013
Franklin Delano Roosevelt� Document 24-1� Franklin, Teddy and Progressivism� The Roosevelts: New York
equivalent of European aristocracy� Parallel with Democratic Southern
aristocrats like Jefferson� Politics more important than
principles� Force of will: the polio secret
Immediate responses to the Depression� “Nothing to fear except fear itself”
� Rubber-stamping of legislation� The bank holiday� The key measure: public relief on
first day in office� Break from American tradition� Company unions-the groundwork?� Right wing backlash-Doc. 24-5
� FDR as America’s therapist� Fireside chats� Letters to FDR: Doc. 24-2
The First New Deal� From money to work relief: the
alphabet soup� Peak: one-third of all employment� Keynesian “pump priming”
� The NRA� Logical conclusion of Progressivism: All business under government regulation
� Eliminate overproduction by... reducing production!
� Ruled unconstitutional� Remnant in farming
The Crisis of 1934� Slow recovery; failure of NRA� Radical movements develop:
� Huey Long; doc. 24-3� Upton Sinclair in California
� Socialist candidate in 1920s� EPIC: radical version of New Deal� No support from FDR
1934: Labor Revolts� Peak year for labor militancy� Three general strikes: Minneapolis,
Toledo, San Francisco� All led by revolutionary socialists� Only in San Francisco led by the
Communist Party
The Second New Deal� Response to radical outbursts� From Progressivism to Liberalism
� “Economic royalism”: FDR speech, Foner p. 815
� Pillars of Second New Deal� Social Security Act
• Unemployment insurance; welfare
� Wagner act: “Labor’s Magna Carta”� Fair Labor Standards Act: 40 hour
week and minimum wages
� Budget cuts reverse recovery� Only WWII ends depression
The Great Labor Upheaval of the Late 1930s� The CIO and the AFL� Why the auto industry was key� Sitdown strikes and unemployment� Left out of the movie clip: the role
of the radicals� The Reuther brothers� Socialists and Communists in the
UAW
Labor Revolt in California� First outbreak: Central Valley
� Communist-led 1933 cotton strike: largest farm strike in US history
� Role of Mexican immigrants� Steinbeck’s In Dubious Battle� Collapse after 1933
� Most successful rebellion: SF General Strike of 1934� David Selvin, A Terrible Anger
� Strike victory makes the ILWU the backbone of the California labor movement
Strikers surging up Market Street
San Francisco General Strike of 1934
Grapes of Wrath and the “Okies”� Set in the late 1930s� “Okies” driven off the land by:
� The Dust Bowl� Mechanization� New Deal favoritism for
landowners over tenants� Temporarily displace Mexicans
Racial Minorities and the New Deal� Move to Democratic Party due to
relief for poor, not reform� Symbolic pro-black gestures� New Deal and racial discrimination
� FLSA , farmworkers and domestics� Dust Bowl and FDR farm policies
� Breaking of 1933 California farm strike a blow to Chicanos
� Steinbeck and Grapes of Wrath� Doc. 24-4 on Mexican farmworkers
� Communist Party and Scottsboro
Women and the New Deal� First administration with women in
high places� Eleanor Roosevelt the model
� FDR’s “liberal conscience”� But New Deal programs often
exclude women� Domestic servants excluded from
FLSA� WPA wages scales lower for
women
Next Monday� World War II
� Readings: Foner Chapter 22, Johnson Chapter 25
� Quiz on Chapter 22� Discussion Exercise on WWII and
race to be posted this weekend� Midterm Study Guide also to be
posted� Tuesday: Graded debate on
Hiroshima; extra readings will be posted