Week III Media Images of Disability and Notre Dame de Paris
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Transcript of Week III Media Images of Disability and Notre Dame de Paris
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8/3/2019 Week III Media Images of Disability and Notre Dame de Paris
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I. Media images of disability
II. How to analyze media images
a. Disability as metaphor
i. Body as metaphor1. head for top or beginning; the brow and shoulders of a
hill; the eyes of needles and of potatoes; mouth for any
opening; the lip of a cup or pitcher; the teeth of a rake, a
saw, a comb; the beard of wheat; the tongue of a shoe;the gorge of a river; a neck of land; an arm of the sea;
the hands of a clock; heart for centre (the Latins usedumbilicus, navel, in this sense); the belly of a sail; foot
for end or bottom; the flesh of fruits; a vein of rock or
mineral; the blood of grapes for wine; the bowels of the
earth. Heaven or the sea smiles, the wind whistles, thewaves murmur; a body groans under a great weight
2. twisted in body and mind ; emotional cripple ; blindedby love ; deaf to his entreaties ; retard ; etc.
b. Barnes article.
i. The Barnes article has a civil rights perspective.
ii. What are the stereotypes ? Or, more accurately, the type -- the
type is any character constructed through the use of a few immediately
recognizable and defining traits, which do not change or develop
through the course of the narrative and which point to general
recurrent features of the human world rather than individuality. Theopposite of the type is the novelistic character, defined by a
multiplicity of traits which are only gradually revealed to us through
the course of the narrative, a narrative which is hinged on the growth or
development of the character and is thus centred upon the latter in his
or her unique individuality rather than pointing outwards to a world.
Dyer reading for IC.
1. Disabled person as object of pity
a. Pitiable, endearing, suffering, passive, dependent, tragic
b. Roles in story :
i. to show another characters goodness, altruism
ii. to demonstrate that disabled peoples well-beingdepends on non-disabled people, care, rescue or
cure
c. Discursive practices :
i. Vocabulary : plucky, brave, courageous,
unfortunate, victims, the disabled or the
handicapped
ii. Person-referencing practices: use of first name
by journalists
d. Color : somber, black and white
e. Dichotomies created : beauty (beautiful model) vs
impairment
f. Examples :
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i. Tiny Tim
ii. Porgy in Porgy and Bess
iii. Elephant Man
2. Disabled person as victim, object of violence
a. Victim, helpless
b. Related to the history of violence against the disabled,but perpetuating it
i. Abandoned, left to die
ii. Eugenics
iii. Abortion
c. Statistically, when disabled charactered are included in
programmes they are more than three times more likely
to be dead, through violence, suicide, etc.
d. Examples
i. Woman in a Cage
ii. Whatever Happened to Baby Jane
iii. Wait until Darkiv. Blazing Saddles
3. Disabled person as sinister and evil
a. Obsessed by revenge, twisted in body and mind
b. Role in the story : villain
c. Dichotomies : straight, handsome and virtuous vs
hunched ugly and mid
d. Examples
i. Richard the III
ii. Moby Dick
iii. Treasure Island, pirates missing fingers and
limbs
iv. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
v. Dr Strangelove
vi. Dirty Harry, the Sting, (limping)
vii. The Fugitive
viii. Twin Peaks, the dwarf
4. Disabled person as atmosphere, exotica, freak
a. Frankenstein : a hunchback (added in the film, ends up
responsble for the creatures evil ; this seems to me to
distort Mary Shellys original idea)
b. Role in the story : atmosphere, voyeuristic pleasure5. Disabled person as super cripple
a. Super human or magical abilities ; or, excessive praise
for ordinary achievements ; will power
b. Often disabled person played by an able-bodied actor
c. Role in story : often depend on goodness of others ;
focus only on the extraordinary
d. Examples
i. My Left Foot
ii. Children of a Lesser God
iii. Longstreet
iv. Ironside6. Disabled person as object of ridicule
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a. Examples
i. Mr Magoo
ii. Harpo Marx
iii. Monty Python
7. Disabled Person as their own worst enemy
a. Somehow responsible for their impairments (eg HIV)b. Saved by heterosexual relationships
c. Examples
i. Coming Home
ii. Born on the Fourth of July
8. Disabled person as burden
a. The able-bodied driven to catastrophy by the disabled
person
b. Examples
i. Keeping Tom Nice
ii. La guerre est dclare
9. Disabled person as sexually abnormala. Man sexually crippled or impotent, woman sexless
b. Examples for male stereotype
i. The Obyssey
ii. Lady Chatterleys Lover
iii. Whose Life is it Anyway
c. Examples for female stereotype
i. Marylin Frenchs Bleeding Heart
ii. The Hunchback of Notre Dame but is his
description accurate ? No. Rejected, isolated
and ridiculed by French society the hunchback,
Quasimodo, develops an unhealthy lust for the
virginal Esmarelda this is so untrue.
d. Sometimes male with slight impairment is seen as brave
and sexy.
i. Bronte : Jane Eyre
10. Disabled person as incapable of participating in community
a. Stereotype of ommissino : absent
11. Disabled person as Normal
a. Often in American productions ; pressure from disability
activitsts
b. Played by disabled actors, which is goodc. Marginal
d. Is this normalization ?
e. Doesnt critique disabling society
III. Example : Notre Dame de Paris
a. Versions :
i. Original Book. Victor Hugo.
1. Set in 15th century.
2. Pierre Gringoire, author, his play is disrupted by the Fete des
fous, the begger ClopinTrouillefou who are electing a king.
a. La fte des fous. http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F
%C3%AAte_des_Fous3. Quasimodo is named king of the fools.
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AAte_des_Foushttp://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AAte_des_Foushttp://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AAte_des_Foushttp://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AAte_des_Fous -
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4. Gringoire follows the beautiful bohmienne Esmeralda, who is
abducted by Quasimodo, who is acting for Claude Frollo,
archdeacon of notre dame.
5. Esmeralda is saved by Phoebus, captain of the garde.
6. Frollo only loves two beings : his dissapate brother, and
Quasimodo, whom he raised.7. Quasimodo is judged for kidnapping ; he is deaf, the judge is
deaf. Esmeralda brings him water on the square.
8. Some old ladies are telling a story of an adorable baby who was
kidnapped by gypsies and replaced by a hunchback ; the
hunchback was then abandonned. The old lady who lost her
daughter now hates all gypsies.
9. Phoebus is supposed to marry Fleur de Lys ; Esmeralda has
fallen in love with Phoebus, tho. Phoebus wants to just take
advantage of Esmeralda.
10. Frollo badly wounds the captain. Esmeralda is blamed and also
accused of sorcery.11. Esmeralda is imprisoned. Phoebus doesnt go to see her because
it would be bad for his future marriage. She despairs.
12. Quasimodo drags her into the church to save her. He tells her
that physcial appearance isnt everything so Phoebus isnt so
great but she doesnt listen. Quasimodo now has more loyalty to
Esmeralda than to Frollo.
13. The band of beggars come to save Esmeralda. In the midst of all
this she goes to the gypsy-hating old lady and it turns out it is
her mother. However, Esmeralda is caught and hung.
14. Quasimodo throws Frollo over the edge of the cathedral and
then goes to the corpse of Esmeralda, they are united for all
eternity.
ii. 1956 version. Anthony Quinn, Gina Lollabridgida. Jacques Prevert.
iii. Disney version.