6/6/2020 Kiosko y Más - ABC (Norte) - 6 jun. 2020 - Page #42
Week 6 – ABC
description
Transcript of Week 6 – ABC
XPXP
Week 6 – ABC
By Aurino DjamarisBakrie School of Management
XPXPError handling, Debugging and User Interface within Excel• Error handling Techniques• Debugging• creating dialog boxes, • userform basics, • using userform controls, and • implement some techniques and tricks, • using macro through user interface
XPXPError-Handling Techniques
• Identifying errors• Doing something about the errors that occur• Recovering from errors• Creating intentional errors (Yes, sometimes an
error can be a good thing.)
write code that avoids displaying Excel’s error messages as much as possible
XPXPExcel Error Messages • Excel responds with the message shown below, indicating that your code
generated a run-time error
Excel displays this error message when theProcedure attempts toCalculate the squareroot of a negative number.
XPXPError Handling• Anticipate this error and handle it. Example : Sub EnterSquareRoot ()
Error Handling 1
Error Handling 2
XPXPHandling Errors Another Way• adding an On Error statement to trap all errors and then checking to see
whether the InputBox was cancelled.
XPXPOn Error Problem?
Using an On Error statement in your VBA code causes Excel to bypass its built-in error handling and use your own error-handling code.
XPXPOn Error Statements
XPXPResuming on Error
XPXPExample: Resume after an error occurs
XPXPWhat Error and Err Number
Trap Error
Treat Error accordingly
XPXPAn Intentional Error
The Macro1 procedure (which must be in the same project as WorkbookOpen) calls the WorkbookOpen function and passes the workbook name (Prices.xlsx) as an argument.
XPXPBug Extermination Techniques• Defining a bug and why you should squash it• Recognizing types of program bugs you may
encounter• Using techniques for debugging your code• Using the VBA built-in debugging tools
XPXPThe bugs categories• Logic flaws in your code.• Incorrect context bugs• Extreme-case bugs• Wrong data type bugs• Wrong version bugs• Beyond-your-control bugs
XPXPIdentifying Bugs• An error message like this often means that your
VBA code contains a bug.
• The best debugging approach is thorough testing, under a variety of real-life conditions
XPXPDebugging TechniquesFour most common methods for debugging Excel VBA code:• Examining the code: taking a close look at your code• Inserting MsgBox functions at various locations in your code:
– MsgBox LoopIndex & “ “ & CellCount– MsgBox LoopIndex & vbNewLine & CellCount & vbNewLine & MyVal– MsgBox ActiveSheet.Name & “ “ & TypeName(ActiveSheet)
• Inserting Debug.Print statements– Debug.Print LoopIndex, CellCount, MyVal
• Using the Excel built-in debugging tools:– Excel includes a set of debugging tools that can help you correct problems
in your VBA code.
XPXPthe Debugger• set a breakpoint in your VBA code
XPXPUsing the Immediate window• display the VBE’s Immediate window pressing Ctrl+G.• for finding the current value of any variable in your program.
XPXPBug Reduction Tips• Use an Option Explicit statement at the beginning of your
modules.• Format your code with indentation. • Be careful with the On Error Resume Next statement. • Use lots of comments. Nothing is more frustrating than
revisiting code• Keep your Sub and Function procedures simple. • Use the macro recorder to help identify properties and
methods.• Understand Excel’s debugger.
XPXPVBA Programming Examples• Working with ranges• Changing Excel settings• Working with charts• Speeding up your VBA code
XPXPWorking with ranges• Copying a
range
• more efficiently
XPXPCopying a variable-sized range
or
XPXPSelecting to the end of a row or column
• use the CurrentRegion property to select an entire block of cells.
• End method takes one argument constants use:– xlUp– xlDown– xlToLeft– xlToRight
XPXPSelecting to the end of a row or column (cont)
• Selecting a row or column
• Moving a range
• Looping through a range efficiently
XPXPSkip Blanks examplesprocessing only the nonblank cells using the SpecialCells method.the selection’s subset that consists of cells with constants and the selection’s subset that consists of cells with formulas
XPXPPrompting for a cell valueuse VBA’s InputBox function to get a value from the user.
or
XPXPOther selection methods
Identifying a multiple selection
Determining the selection type
determine whether the user madea multiple selection
displays a message and exits the procedure if the currentselection is not a Range object:
XPXPChanging Excel Settings• Changing Boolean settings
• Changing non-Boolean settings
togglesthe calculation mode between manual and automatic
the Not operator to effectively toggle the page break display
XPXPWorking with Charts• Modifying the chart type
• Looping through the ChartObjects collection
XPXPWorking with Charts (cont)• Modifying chart properties
XPXPWorking with Charts (cont)• Applying chart formatting
XPXPVBA Speed Tips• Turning off screen updating
– Application.ScreenUpdating = False / True• Turning off automatic calculation
– Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual / xlCalculationAutomatic• Eliminating those pesky alert messages
– Application.DisplayAlerts = False /True• Simplifying object references
– defining this object variable, then define the value rather than defining this object variable and the value in single line
• Declaring variable types– use the data type that requires the smallest number of bytes yet can still
handle all the data assigned to it.
XPXPUsing the With-End With structure• Use
• Rather than
XPXPUSER INTERFACES• Simple Dialog Boxes• UserForm Basics• UserForm Controls• UserForm Techniques and Tricks• Accessing Your Macros Through the User
Interface
XPXPSimple Dialog Boxes• The MsgBox function• The InputBox function• The GetOpenFileName method• The GetSaveAsFileName method
XPXPMsgBox• MsgBox(prompt[, buttons][, title])
XPXPInputBox• InputBox(prompt[, title][, default])
XPXPGetOpenFileName• object.GetOpenFilen
ame([fileFilter], [filterIndex], [title], [buttonText], [multiSelect])
XPXPSelecting Multiple File
XPXPGetSaveAsFileName• object.GetSaveAsFilename([initialFilename], [fileFilter],
[filterIndex], [title], [buttonText])
The Excel GetSaveAsFilename method works just like the GetOpenFilename method, but it displays the Excel Save As dialog box rather than its Open dialog box. The GetSaveAsFilename method gets a path and filename from the user but doesn’t do anything with it.
XPXPGetting a folder nameallows the user to select a directory.
XPXPUserForm Basics• Creating UserForms1. Determine how the dialog box will be used 2. Press Alt+F11 to activate the VBE and insert a new UserForm object.3. Add controls to the UserForm.4. Use the Properties window to modify the properties for the controls or for
the UserForm itself.5. Write event-handler procedures for the controls (for example, a macro that
executes when the user clicks a button in the dialog box).6. Write a procedure (stored in a VBA module) that displays the dialog box to
the user.
XPXPInserting a new UserForm
• 1. Activate the VBE by pressing Alt+F11.• 2. Select the workbook in the Project window.• 3. Choose Insert UserForm. ➪
XPXPAdding controls to a UserForm
• You use the tools in the Toolbox to add controls to UserForm.
XPXPChanging properties for a UserForm control
• Properties for controls include the following:1. Name2. Width3. Height4. Value5. Caption
XPXPViewing the UserForm Code window• Every UserForm object has a Code module that holds the VBA
code (the event-handler procedures) executed when the user works with the dialog box. To view the Code module, press F7. The Code window is empty until you add some procedures. Press Shift+F7 to return to the dialog box.
XPXPDisplaying a UserForm• The macro that displays the dialog box must be in a VBA module
— not in the Code window for the UserForm.
XPXPUsing information from a UserForm• The VBE provides a name for each control you add to a UserForm.
The control’s name corresponds to its Name property. Use this name to refer to a particular control in your code.
XPXPA UserForm Example• Creating the UserForm1. Press Alt+F11 to activate the VBE.2. If multiple projects are in the Project window, select the
project that corresponds to the workbook you’re using.3. Choose Insert UserForm.➪4. Press F4 to display the Properties window.5. In the Properties window, change the dialog box’s Caption
property to Change Case.6. The dialog box is a bit too large, so you may want to click it and
use the handles to make it smaller.
XPXPAdding the CommandButtons1. Make sure that the toolbox is displayed. If it isn’t, choose View Toolbox.➪2. If the Properties window isn’t visible, press F4 to display it.3. In the toolbox, drag a CommandButton into the dialog box to create a button.4. Make sure that the CommandButton is selected. Then activate the Properties
window and change the following properties:
5. Add a second CommandButton object to the UserForm and change thefollowing properties:
6. Adjust the size and position of the controls so your dialog box looks something like Figure 16-5.
XPXPFigure 16-5
XPXPAdding the OptionButtons1. In the toolbox, click the Frame tool and drag in the dialog box.2. Use the Properties window to change the frame’s caption to Options. 3. In the Toolbox, click the OptionButton tool and drag in the dialog box
(within the Frame).4. Select the OptionButton and use the Properties window to change the
following properties:
5. Add another OptionButton and use the Properties window to change the following properties:
XPXPAdding the OptionButtons6. Add a third OptionButton and use the Properties window to change the
following properties:
7. Adjust the size and position of the OptionButtons, Frame, and dialog box.
XPXPAdding event-handler procedures1. Double-click the Cancel button.2. Insert the following statement inside the procedure (before
the End Sub statement):3. Press Shift+F7 to return to the UserForm.4. Double-click the OK button.5. Enter the following code inside the procedure:
XPXP
XPXPCreating a macro to display the dialog box1. In the VBE window, choose Insert Module.➪2. Enter the following code:
XPXPMaking the macro available1. Activate the Excel window via Alt+F11.2. Choose Developer Code Macros or press Alt+F8.➪ ➪3. In the Macros dialog box, select the ChangeCase macro.4. Click the Options button.5. Enter an uppercase C for the Shortcut key.6. Enter a description of the macro in the Description field.7. Click OK.8. Click Cancel when you return to the Macro dialog box.
XPXPTesting the macro1. Activate a worksheet (any worksheet in any workbook).2. Select some cells that contain text.3. Press Ctrl+Shift+C.4. Make your choice and click OK.
XPXPUserForm Controls• Adding controls1. Click the Toolbox tool that corresponds to the control you want to add.2. Click in the UserForm.3. Drag the control into position.
XPXPIntroducing control properties
XPXP
XPXP
Changepropertiesby selectingfrom a dropdownlistof validpropertyvalues.
XPXPDialog Box Controls: The Details
• CheckBox control• Accelerator: A letter that lets the user change the value of the control by
using the keyboard. For example, if the accelerator is A, pressing Alt+A changes the value of the CheckBox control (from checked to unchecked, or from unchecked to checked).
• ControlSource: The address of a worksheet cell that’s linked to the CheckBox. The cell displays TRUE if the control is checked or FALSE if the control is not checked.
• Value: If True, the CheckBox has a check mark. If False, it does not have a check mark.
XPXPComboBox control
is a drop-downbox and displays only one item at a time
XPXPCommandButton control
XPXPOther controls• Frame control• Image control• Label control• ListBox control• MultiPage control• OptionButton control• RefEdit control• ScrollBar control• SpinButton control• TabStrip control• TextBox control• ToggleButton control
XPXPUserForm Techniques and Tricks
• Using Dialog Boxes• A UserForm Example
– Creating the dialog box– Writing code to display the
dialog box– Making the macro available– Trying out your dialog box– Adding event-handler
procedures– Validating the data– Now the dialog box works
• More UserForm Examples– A ListBox example
– Selecting a range– Using multiple sets of
OptionButtons– Using a SpinButton and a
TextBox– Using a UserForm as a progress
indicator– Creating a tabbed dialog box– Displaying a chart in a dialog
box
• A Dialog Box Checklist
See Chapter 18. UserForm Techniques and Tricks
XPXPAccessing Macros Through the User Interface
XPXPWorking with CommandBars
XPXPVBA Shortcut Menu Examples
XPXPAdd to shortcut menu
XPXPCreate a toolbar