Week 5 Powerpoint Chapter 45

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Chapter 45

Structure and Function of the Skin


Healthy Skin

• Epidermis

• Basement membrane

• Dermis

• Subcutaneous tissue


Question

True or false:

Subcutaneous tissue is also known as the hypodermis.


Answer

True

Because it lies deep to/underneath/below the dermis, the subcutaneous tissue is also referred to as the hypodermis.


Epidermal Cells

• Keratinocytes

• Melanocytes

• Langerhans cells (macrophages)


Dermis and Subcutaneous Tissue

• Dermis

– Provides support and nutrition

• Subcutaneous Tissue

– Provides support, insulation, energy store


Question

In which layer of the skin are most of its structures contained?

a. Cutaneous

b. Epidermis

c. Dermis

d. Hypodermis


Answer

c. Dermis

The epidermis contains many layers of keratinized squamous epithelium and melanocytes (that produce pigment); the hypodermis contains lots of blood vessels and fatty tissue; the dermis contains most of the stuctures (hair, sweat glands, piloerector muscles, immune cells, blood vessels, and neurons).


Question

True or false:

Sebacious glands are a type of sweat gland.


Answer

False

Sebaceous glands are oil producing glands that are adjacent to hair follicles. Sweat glands include apocrine (these glands also join a hair follicle, producing thicker sweat) and eccrine/merocrine glands. Eccrine sweat glands are the most numerous (you have around 4 million); they open directly to a sweat pore on the skin’s surface.


Parts of a fingernail • Nails are hardened, keratinized plates

• End product of dead matrix cells pushed outward from the nail matrix

• Changes or abnormalities in nails can be diagnostic


Description of skin abnormalities


Manifestations of Skin Disorders

“No two skin disorders look alike”

• Rashes – usually temporary eruptions

• Lesions – loss of tissue continuity, structure or function

– Blisters

– Calluses

– Telangiectases


Pruritis

• Most commonly occurs with skin disorders

• May also be a symptom of a systemic disorder such as:

– Chronic kidney disease

– Diabetes

– Biliary disease

• For some patients it may be so severe as to completely disrupt their quality of life

Week 5 Powerpoint Chapter 45

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