Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2
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Transcript of Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2
1
Tourism through the
Ages
Khong Yen Giang, MBA
� Recognize the antiquity of human travel
� Understand how these journeys have evolved from trips to mass travel for millions today
� Learn about some of the great travelers in history
� Familiarize with Vietnam tourism.
Learning Objectives
Early beginnings:
The riches historical evidence area:
Mediterranean
Early beginning events
� 4000 BCE: The Sumerians invented
money, cuneiform writing, wheels and tour
guide � founder of modern tourism
� 5000 years ago, cruises of discovery from
Egypt: for peace and tourism (1480 BCE)
� 2700 years BCE: pharaohs started building
burial tombs: Pyramids, Sphinx, attracting
tourists (1600-1200 BCE)
� Tourists left evidences of visit: painted or
scratched their names in the soft stones �
Ancient graffiti
2
Early roads:
“Animals need a track,
vehicles need a road”
� 150 years B.C.E: The Roman started
building roads
� Network of 50,000 miles
� Who traveled: Military, Gov officials,
caravans and more Roman tourists
� Roman tourists: used guide books,
employ guides, bought souvenirs and left
graffiti
The Roman ancient roads
Silk Road
� Created during the Roman times
� Stretching more than 12000 km from
Mediterranean Sea to Pacific Ocean
� Main trade artery linking civilization of
China, India, Persia, Mesopotamia, Egypt,
Greece and Rome
� Cities and town grew prosperously.
Silk Road
3
PRE-MODERN TOURISM
� Mesopotamia
� Egypt and Indus Valley
� Ancient Greece
� Ancient Rome
� The Dark Ages
� The Middle Ages.
Characteristics of
pre-modern tourism
� Mainly undertaken by elites &
wealthier middle class
� Risky and uncomfortable
� Occurred along well-defined transit
route
� Lengthy time period
� Development of incipient tourism
industry
� Relative little impact
� Spiritual & educational motivation
Classical travel world
� 776 B.C: Olympic Games held every 4
years – honor Zeus god
� Greek inns provided a little more than
a night shelter
� Ancient Tourist Consultant center
called: proxenos (pro=for;
xenos=foreigner)
� Main purposes of travels: leisure,
business, healing, entertainment
Early Modern tourism
� Renaissance
� Exploration of Columbus (1492-
1502), Magellan (1519)
� Prosperous of merchant and
professional classes
� Establishment of new resorts
� Improving transportation
4
The Grand tour
(Mid 1500s – early 1800s)
� Travel of aristocrat young men of UK to
continental Europe for educational
purpose
� Destinations: Paris, major cities of Italy
� Participation of middle class (7-9%) of
UK population
� Profound impacts on UK cultural &
social trend
� Effect on destination tourism service
ranges: guide book, tour guide,
accommodation, souvenirE
� Great Pyramids of Egypt (incl. Sphinx)
� Hanging Gardens of Babylon
� Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus
� Statue of Zeus at Olympia
� Collosus of Rhodes in the Harbor at
Rhodes
� Great Lighthouse (Pharos)
in Alexandria, Egypt
� Temple Artemis at Ephesus
Early tourist attractions
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Great Pyramids of Egypt Hanging Gardens of Babylon in
iraq now
5
Tomb of Mausolus at
Halicarnassus, In turkey now Statue of Zeus at Olympia in
Greece now
Collosus of Rhodes in the
Harbor at Rhodes, in Greece
Great Lighthouse (Pharos) in
Alexandria, in Egypt
6
Temple Artemis at Ephesus, in
Turkey now
Spa & Seaside resorts
� Therapeutic purpose
� Karlsbad, Vichy, Baden-Baden
� Availability of accessible & suitable
water resource
� Construction of railway in mid 1800s.
First travel agent
Thomas Cook: The father of mass
tourism
� 1822: Robert Smart of Bristol, England-1st
steamship agent
� 1841: Thomas Cook ran a special excursion
train tour for 570 passengers from Leicester
to Loughborough-England
� 1850: Thomas Benett set up a business “trip
organizer” –provided individual tourists with
itineraries, carriages and travel kits
Early modern tourism
(1840s – 1950)
� 5th Jul. 1841: 1st package tour
� 1845: Regular return train trip
� 1851: Great exhibition in London
- All inclusive
- Organized itinerary
- Uniform product
- Cheap price
� 1861: First traveler check
� 1863: First int’l excursion to Swiss Alps
� 1869: Suez Canal stimulated travel
� 1872: First around-the-world tour
Thomas Cook
“Father of Mass Tourism”
7
Early modern tourism
(1840s – 1950)
� Adaptation of Industrial revolution to tourism
- Organized
- Standardized
- Large scale
� Accessibility of unprecedented number of people,
increase demand
� Availability of unprecedented number of destination
� International tourism growth slowly between 1840 –
1950
- Global depression (1890s)
- World War 1 (1914 – 1918)
- Great depression 1930s
- World War 2 (1939 – 1945).
Contemporary Tourism VIETNAM tourism profile
� Before 1960
� 1960 – 1975
� 1975 – 1990
� 1990 – Present.
� Before 1960: established 1st Vietnam
Tourism Company, Foreign trade ministry
� 1978: established VNAT, Government
� council
� 1990: established VN Tourism Corporation,
Commercial Ministry
� 1995: VNAT, Ministry of culture,
information, sport and tourism
� 2002: Establish Vietnam tourism
association
� 2007: VNAT become a member of Ministry
of Culture, Sport and Tourism
Contemporary Tourism VIETNAM tourism profile
� Vietnam National Administration of
Tourism (VNAT) established in 1992
o 9 functional departments
o Institute for Tourism Research and
Development
o Tourism Information Technology
Center
o 7 Vocational Tourism Schools.
Contemporary Tourism
VIETNAM Tourism PROFILE
Decree
26/CP
9/7/1960
Decree
05/CP
26/10/1992
Decree
09/CP
8/8/2007
8
� 18 provincial Tourism
Departments
� 45 provincial Trade- Tourism
Departments
� 01 provincial External Affairs...
� 536 international tour operators
and travel agencies,
� 1200 domestic travel agencies;
� more than 8,500 hotels;
� 6,000 transportation means.
Contemporary Tourism Vietnam tourism profile
Contemporary Tourism International tourism
� Arrivals: Increase 25 times since ’50s
� Revenue: Increase by 225 times since
’50s
� Positive growth in every year since 1960
� Reduced growth during recession in
early 1980s, 1991, 2001 and 2003
� 10 domestic tourists for every
international tourist.
End of Presentation
Thank you
for joining us!
Describe newly
selected modern
world ‘s cultural
wonders. How
significant are they
to the world?
Assignment