Week 2-In Text Citation

7/25/2019 Week 2-In Text Citation

1/29

APA Referencing


2/29

By the end of this lesson students should be

able to:

Define plagiarism and avoid plagiarising Quote appropriately


3/29

Using another persons words, images or

ideas without acknowledgement of thatperson as your source.

When you acknowledge the person andyour version is similar.


4/29

When you quote, paraphrase or summariseanother persons work, you must show the

source of the idea by putting certaininformation in parenthesis immediately afterthe material used.


5/29

It is regarded asstealing anotherpersons ideas and

words.

It can lead to failingexams and being expelled

from the university.


6/29

Give credit when you take words, images andideas from books, magazines, Web pages,statistics etc.


7/29

When you borrow another persons words or ideas

by quoting, paraphrasing or summarizing them, youmust show where you got the ideas by puttingcertain information in parenthesis immediately

after the material you have borrowed.

Source: Oshima & Hogue,1999


8/29

1. Direct method i.e. quotation

2. Indirect method by summarizing andparaphrasing


9/29

Copying word-for-word from a publishedtext, transcript etc.

Do not change words or sentence structurefrom the original or this is no longer a directquote.

Statistics are good supporting details foropinions. Like quotations their source must

also be cited.


10/29

For a short quotation of less than 40 words, usea brief phrase as an introduction to the

quotation e.g.

Pennycook (1996) claims all language learningis to some extent a process of borrowingotherswords.


11/29

In an article on plagiarism, Pennycookcautioned

All language learning is to some extent aprocess of borrowing others words and weneed to be flexible, not dogmatic, about

where we draw boundaries betweenacceptable and unacceptable textualborrowings(1996:227).


12/29

What?The practice of citing original sources of

information

When?Direct quotations and paraphrased informationfrom another source, except dictionaries andencyclopedias

Why? Readers can find the original source Writer not responsible for all information Plagiarism is avoided


13/29

APA or American Psychological Association Number reference system

Are frequently used in natural science, socialscience and technical fields.

The conventions of the APA system are:


14/29

When authors name begins a sentence, placethe date of the work in parenthesesimmediately after the documentedinformation e.g.

As Neville (2007) emphasizes, youshould cite

all sources and present full details of these inyour list of references(p.36)

Adapted from : Wiggins, C (2009) The University of York


15/29

When an author is not referred to directly in asentence, place both the authors last name

and the year of publication, separated by acomma, in parentheses e.g.

References list full details of all sources used(Neville,2007).



16/29

When citing two or more authors within an in-text citation, use an ampersand in theparentheses e.g. (Burns & Sinfield,2002)

However, when mentioning the authors in thetext, use the word and e.g.

Burns and Seinfeld (2002) argue



17/29

When citing two or more authors within thetext, use the full list of names the first timee.g.(White, Green, Brown, Grey, Black & Pink,2008)

Subsequently, use (White, et al.2008)



18/29

When the same author and text is referred to

more than once in a single paragraph, there isno need to give the date for the secondreference.


19/29

When a direct quotation is used, give the year

and page/s numbers immediately after thequotation


20/29

Two works by the same author published in the sameyear are differentiated by a,b,c and cross-referencedaccordingly

e.g. In-text (Carroll, 2007a)

References:Carroll, J. (2007a)A handbook for deterring plagiarism inhigher education. Oxford Centre for Staff and LearningDevelopment: Oxford Brookes UniversityCarroll, J. (2007b) .



21/29

Two works by the same author published indifferent years require the year of publication

for both works e.g.

Carroll (2005, 2007) maintains.


22/29

When pulling together several sources tosupport your argument, use one in-textcitation. List the names alphabetically as theyappear in the bibliography e.g.

As widely stated in the literature.

(Carroll,2002; Mallon, 1991;Neville,2007)



23/29

When two authors have the same family nameinclude initials to avoid confusion e.g.

Hyland,K (2008) and Hyland,F (2007)reported

Various studies were conducted on theeffectiveness of written feedback(K.Hyland,2008; F.Hyland,2007).


24/29

When there is an omission in a direct quotationuse an ellipsis (three spaced periods) e.g.

Williams (2008) asks Is Persaud a narcissist,in other words, or a man so plagued by self-doubt that he doesnt obey the rules of

academia?He claims to have been so busyhe became confused(p.37).



25/29

When there is an omission in a direct quotationat the end of the sentence, use four periodsto close the quotation e.g.

Williams (2008) asks Is Persaud a narcissist,in other words, or a man so plagued by self-doubt ?....(p.37)



26/29

The researchers name/s take subject positione.g.

Pennycooks(1996) interviews with students atthe University of Hong Kong revealedplagiarism was usually due to carelessnessrather than intention to deceive.


27/29

The paraphrased information takes subjectposition e.g.

Plagiarism is regarded as dishonest conductwhich is incompatible with the ideals ofacademic integrity (University of Maryland,1996).


28/29

Why is it necessary to provide

in-text citations?


29/29

Thank you for your kindattention

Week 2-In Text Citation

Documents

Transcript of Week 2-In Text Citation