Week 2: Circuit and Electr ic i ty

COMPUTER EDUCATION

LIFELONG LEARNING MODULE

MR. MICHAEL MENDOZA

michael.mendoza@cszc.edu.ph

Hello Class! I hope things are okay. 😊

“What is a soul? It’s like electricity – we don’t really

know what it is, but it’s a force that can light a room”.

I wish you all the best as you journey with this second week of your lifelong learning

module.

It’s OKAY to not know. It’s NOT OKAY to not try.

ENERGY! - Energy is the capacity to do work. There are different types of energy-- existing in the form of thermal, radiant, chemical potential, kinetic energy and some other forms. Nature always seeks for a neutral charge equilibrium. The jolt that you feel from the static electricity is caused by the charge imbalance between charged object, for example, when you rub your feet on a carpet and then touching the metal door knob-- as you rub your feet on the carpet you lose electrons, making you positively charged then you touch the metal door knob which is a conductor that has a lose electrons, these electrons will travel to you, bringing you back to being electrically neutral.

LESSON COVERAGE

For the week 2 of the learning module, YOU will be learning about the purposes of basic electronics components, circuit theory, and fundamentals of circuit:

▪ Lesson 3: PART I - Circuit and Electricity

▪ Lesson 4: PART II - Circuit and Electricity

Let’s find out how much you already know about the lessons. Read and

understand each item carefully. Encircle the correct answer that BEST corresponds to

each item given below. Please answer all the items. After taking this short assessment,

you will see your score. Take note of the items that you were not able to correctly

answer and look for the right answer as you go through this learning unit.

1. If an atom gains electron, it becomes:

A. negative ion B. neutral

C. positive Molecule D. positive ion

2. Which of the following materials has least resistance?

A. copper B. rubber C. glass D. porcelain

3. Which of the following materials has a high electron mobility and conduction?

A. porcelain B. copper C. aluminum D. iron

4. Which of the following have lowest mass?

A. neutron and proton B. molecule C. electron D. atom

5. Vince is using an electric generator to provide power to his poultry business. What

type of Current does the generator produced?

A. DC B. dry cell battery C. watt D. AC

6. Which of the following is the unit of electrical power?

A. joule B. volt C. watt D. ampere

2

Activity No.: 03 (Second Quarter)

Activity Title: Part I | Circuit and Electricity

Learning Targets: At the end of the activity, the students CAN:

1. Describe what a circuit is and its fundamentals:

1.1. electricity;

1.2. voltage; and

1.3. electric current

Value/s: Conservation of Energy

Reference/s: STEAM: Circuits and IoT with Arduino LEVEL 1A https.//learn.opacad.net

📌Electrical Energy

Electricity is the movement of electrons. All matter consists of atoms that have positively

charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and neutrons that have no charge. Protons and

neutrons are situated at the center of the atom called the nucleus, while the electrons surround it.

Usually, there's an equal number of electrons and protons--making the atom neutral or having no

net charge. When an outside force upsets the balance between protons and electrons, the atom

can lose or gain electrons--losing electrons will make the atom positively charged, and gaining

electrons will make the atom negatively charged. Atoms of every element have different

electronic configurations which refer to the distribution of electrons in various shells. The

valence shell is the outermost shell of every element. When the outer shell is full, the atom is least

reactive or stable while loosely bound valence electrons (electrons on the valence shell) can

easily be transferred or lost.

📌Conductors and Insulators

Conductors are materials with high electron mobility and Insulators are materials with

low electron mobility. Copper atoms in the wire easily exchange electrons--allowing us to create

an Electrical Circuit.

Insulators don't easily pass on electrons, and this does not conduct

electricity. Conductors, on the other hand, have loose electrons at the valence shell which easily

move to adjacent atoms, thus they conduct electricity.

📌Electrical Circuit: Volts

Circuit where the charge flows--it is a path that connects two points from the negative

terminal to the positive terminal of a power source. When electrons move from atom to an atom

(in copper wire) they displace the free electrons in the adjacent atoms, - thus creating the flow of

charge.

Voltage is the energy that pushes the electrons in a circuit in the same direction

causing current. Voltage is measured in volts (V) and is also a difference in energy between one

point in a circuit and another often referred to as the potential difference.

Potential difference quantifies how much work can be done in a circuit. The SI unit

for electric charge is the Coulomb or "C”. 1 Volt is the energy required to push 1 coulomb. 1

coulomb is approximately 6.242 x 1018 electrons per second.

1 Volts = 1 Joule / 1 Coulomb. Voltage gives charged particles, like electrons the energy

to move when there is electric potential between two points.

📌Electrical Current Electric current is the total amount of charge passing through a wire over a period of

time--current is the flow of electrons in a circuit. Ampere is the base unit of electric current which

tells how many electrons flow past a single point every second. Watt is a unit of power - named

after James Watt the inventor of Steam Engine.

Directions: Read and understand each item carefully. Choose the correct answer that BEST corresponds to each item

given below.

1. It is an energy derived from the electrical potential energy or kinetic energy.

A. energy B. insulators C. conductors D. electrical energy

2. These are materials with high electron mobility.

A. electrical energy B. conductors C. electricity D. insulators

3. Which of the following BEST describes an Electrical Circuit?

A. It is a circuit where a charge flow. It is a path that disconnects two points from the negative terminal

to a positive terminal.

B. When photons move from atom to atom, they displace the free electrons in the adjacent atoms - thus,

creating the flow of charge.

C. It is a circuit where a charge flow. It is a path that connects two points from the negative terminal to

a positive terminal of a power source.

D. It quantifies how much work can be done in a circuit.

4. These are materials with low electron mobility.

A. electricity B. conductors C. electrical energy D. insulators

5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about potential difference?

A. The passing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference

across the two points.

B. The higher the voltage means the more pressure and pushing force.

C. Potential difference quantifies how much work can be done in a circuit.

D. It is a difference in energy between one point in a circuit and another.

6. What is the unit of power?

A. voltage B. joule C. watt D. coulomb

7. Which of the following materials can easily exchange electrons to create an electrical circuit?

A. diamond B. glass C. wood D. copper

8. How does current work?

A. When both positive terminals are connected to a power source.

B. When energy pushes the electrons in a circuit in the same direction.

C. When both negative terminals are connected to a power source.

D. When both negative terminal or positive terminal is connected to a power source.

9. Which of the following is NOT an insulator?

A. silver B. ceramic C. rubber D. toothpick

10. Electron is a positively charged atom.

A. true B. false

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According to Tulsi Tanti, “Energy conservation is a responsibility that falls on every country

and individual”. As young individual energy consumer, how will you conserve energy at home?

What action/s you can do to help lessen the wasting of energy everyday?

In today’s lesson, I learned that…

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Directions: Fill up the empty battery below with the learning you get from the discussion to make it full.

Activity No.: 04 (Second Quarter)

Activity Title: Part II | Circuit and Electricity

Learning Targets: At the end of the activity, the students CAN:

1. describe what a circuit is and its fundamentals:

1.4. types of current;

1.5. resistance; and

1.6. Ohm’s Law

Value/s: Conservation of Energy

Reference/s: STEAM: Circuits and IoT with Arduino LEVEL 1A https.//learn.opacad.net

📌Types of Current | Current comes it 2 varieties - both of which has its own specific uses:

AC - Alternating Current

DC - Direct Current

In an Alternating Current the direction of charge changes periodically. AC is used to deliver

power to houses from the power plant. AC is generated by an electrical generator. A loop of wire is spun

inside of a magnetic field, which induces a current along the wire. The rotation of the wire can come

from any number of means: a wind turbine, a steam turbine, flowing water, and so on. Because the wire

spins and enters a different magnetic polarity periodically, the voltage and current alternates on the wire.

For Direct Current it provides a constant voltage which flows in one direction. Examples of this

are the Batteries. DC can be converted from AC by a device called "commutator” or a rectifier.

📌Resistance | Restriction of the flow of electrons which is measured in Ohms.

At some point, all materials resist current flow which falls on 2 broad categories:

Conductors -offers very little resistance

Insulators - materials that have high resistance.

Higher resistance means lower current flow and a lower resistance means higher current flow.

Resistance occurs when and electron collides with an atom - the number of collisions differs from one

material to another. Note: Temperature also affects the resistance of the materials.

📌Ohm’s Law

Ohm's Law is a formula used to calculate the relationship between voltage, current, and

resistance in an electrical circuit. Named after Georg Simon Ohm, a German physicist who studied the

relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. He is credited for formulating Ohm's Law. In this

algebraic expression, voltage (E) is equal to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R). Using algebra

techniques, we can manipulate this equation into two variations, solving for I and for R, respectively:

Industrial Revolution brought us the innovation in electricity. Energy Revolution contributed to Industrial

Revolution as official energy for revolution. On the other hand, this revolution brought a negative impact to our

environment such as overuse of fossil fuels and pollution. As a 21st century learner how can you help in solving the

problem on conserving energy? What are the alternative ways that you can use aside from traditional energy sources?

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Directions: Write one big idea that you have learned about the lesson. Then, explain.

My big idea is ________________________________________________________________ because

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Directions: Read and analyze each problem carefully. Round off your final answer to the nearest hundredths, if

necessary.

1. A small fluorescent bulb is connected to a 10 V battery and draws 2 A of current. What is the net resistance

of the bulb?

2. A simple motor with a resistance of 35 Ω is connected to a voltage source. The circuit’s current is 2.50. What

is the voltage of the source?

3. Solve for the amount of current going through a 40 Ω resistor with a voltage of 120 V.

Congratulations for completing the second set of your lifelong learning activities!

I hope you were able to learn the concept of circuit and electricity and compute for the

resistance, current, and voltage using the Ohm’s Law.

See you on the next set of the activities! 😊