1

Paraphrasing

FMHS

Semester 2

Session 2

2

Overview

• FMHS blog

• Paraphrasing

• Nominalisation

• Review of noun phrase structure

• Paraphrase practice

3

Paraphrasing

• Since traditional medicine was incorporated in the World Health Organisation's programmes in 1976, the gulf between traditional and modern systems appears to have narrowed to some extent.

• The incorporation of traditional medicine into the World Health Organisation's programmes in 1976 seems to have gone some way towards reducing the gap between the traditional and modern systems.

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Your FMHS blog

http://www.mhs.manchester.ac.uk/trainingteam/

5

Paraphrasing

• was incorporated

• the gulf

• appears

• to have narrowed

• to some extent

• The incorporation

• The gap

• seems

• reducing

• to have gone some way

6

Techniques: changing vocabulary

• conduct an experiment

• perform an experiment

7

Techniques: changing verb form

• The questionnaire asked (active) students how they felt about ...

• Students were asked (passive) how they felt about ...

8

Techniques: changing word class

• The machines are designed to serve a number of functions (noun phrase)

• The machines are designed to be multi-functional (adjective)

• The course was introduced (verb) last year.

• The introduction of the course (noun phrase) last year

9

Practice

• In 1976 traditional medicine was incorporated into the World Health Organisations programmes, and this has gone some way towards narrowing …..

• Following the incorporation of traditional medicine into the World Health Organisations programmes, the gulf between …….

• The incorporation of traditional medicine into the World Health Organisations programmes has brought about a ……

10

Nominalisation

11

• The course was introduced last year

• The introduction of the course last year resulted in a significant increase in the number of postgraduate students in the department.

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• Manchester was transformed from a market town to a city after 1761.

• The transformation of Manchester from a market town to a city after 1761 was remarkable in the history of urbanisation.

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• The Liverpool and Manchester railway opened in 1830.

• The opening of the Liverpool and Manchester railway in 1830 brought increased prosperity to both cities.

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• In 1846, John Owens, a successful Manchester cotton merchant, died and bequeathed his wealth to the establishment of a College that bore his name.

• In1846, the death of John Owens, a successful Manchester cotton merchant, and the bequest of his wealth to the establishment of a College that bore his name, marked the beginnings of Manchester University.

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Noun phrase structure

Medical

University

Professor Healey's

research

into the causes of heart disease

funded by the Medical Council

investigating the causes of heart disease

which investigates the causes of heart disease

of this group

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Important

lifestyle

regional

the early appearance of personality

changes

to primary care trusts

in disease risk over time

in air pollution over the last 160 years

in daily activity

in cardiovascular disease

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Prostate Research

regional

Vaccination

national kidney disease prevention campaign

The objective of the campaign

campaign

to heighten awareness of celiac

disease

to promote more appropriate use of antibiotics

about heart disease in women sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

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recent

a significant public health concern

lack ofconcern

for people with Alzheimer's

for thyroid patients on this important issue

about potential bleeding problems

concern over rapid rise of chronic kidney disease

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low

estimates of the

the peak

changes in the

incidence

model

statistics for Heart disease

of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States

of infectious diseases in poor areas

20

a sharp

an unexpected

an alarming rise rise

of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States

of infectious diseases in poor areas

of about 50 per cent in cases for both

in the number of diagnosed cases of

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the recommended

a quick and effective

a computer-based method

for administering smallpox vaccine

for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases

for assessing regional brain atrophy

based on minute shifts in the …..

22

the previous

the current

health

global

issue

of emerging infectious diseases