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Weed Control Strategies for High Density 80-inch Bed...
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Weed Control Strategies for Weed Control Strategies for High Density 80High Density 80--inch Bed Cultureinch Bed Culture
•• Richard Smith, Vegetable Crop and Weed Richard Smith, Vegetable Crop and Weed Science Farm Advisor, Monterey CountyScience Farm Advisor, Monterey County
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Trends in Crops that Use High Trends in Crops that Use High Density 80Density 80--inch Bedsinch Beds
02000400060008000
1000012000140001600018000
Spring Mix Spinach
19952005
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8080--inch beds provide greater production areainch beds provide greater production areaThan two 40Than two 40--inch beds and facilitate mechanical inch beds and facilitate mechanical
harvestharvest
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Typical Crops Grown on High Typical Crops Grown on High Density 80Density 80--inch Bedsinch Beds
Spring MixSpring Mix•• LettucesLettuces•• ArrugulaArrugula•• MizunaMizuna•• TatsoiTatsoi•• MustardsMustards•• Swiss chardSwiss chard•• Beet greensBeet greens
OthersOthers•• Corn SaladCorn Salad•• CilantroCilantro•• Green OnionsGreen Onions•• ParsleyParsley•• RapiniRapini•• SpinachSpinach
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Cultural Practices to Reduce Weed Cultural Practices to Reduce Weed PressurePressure
•• Field selectionField selection•• Avoiding weedy fieldsAvoiding weedy fields•• Avoiding weediest Avoiding weediest
time of the growing time of the growing season (i.e. purslane season (i.e. purslane during June to Sept.)during June to Sept.)
•• PrePre--germination of germination of weedsweeds
•• Use of stale seedbedsUse of stale seedbeds•• Planting vigorous Planting vigorous
varieties on weediest varieties on weediest area (i.e. Mizuna)area (i.e. Mizuna)
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Cultural Practices to Reduce Weed Cultural Practices to Reduce Weed PressurePressure
•• Control weeds that Control weeds that aerial disperse from aerial disperse from surrounding areassurrounding areas
•• Not letting weeds go Not letting weeds go to seedto seed
•• Carefully planning Carefully planning crop rotationscrop rotations
•• Deep plowingDeep plowing•• Cultivation*Cultivation*•• Hand weedingHand weeding•• FumigationFumigation•• HerbicidesHerbicides•• Other techniquesOther techniques
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Weed Control on High Density 80Weed Control on High Density 80--Inch BedsInch Beds
ChallengesChallenges•• High density (24 High density (24 –– 32 seedlines) stands 32 seedlines) stands
are difficult to impossible to effectively are difficult to impossible to effectively cultivate (on 40cultivate (on 40--inch beds we can cultivate inch beds we can cultivate 80 to 85% of the bed)80 to 85% of the bed)
•• Difficult and expensive to hand weedDifficult and expensive to hand weed•• Key weeds that are difficult to controlKey weeds that are difficult to control•• Low tolerance for weeds in mechanically Low tolerance for weeds in mechanically
harvested productharvested product
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Mechanical HarvestMechanical Harvest
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Only area that can be cultivatedOnly area that can be cultivated
28 seedlines on this bed28 seedlines on this beddoes not lend itself to does not lend itself to
cultivationcultivation
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Key Summer AnnualsKey Summer Annuals
PurslanePurslane
NightshadesNightshades
Nettleleaf GoosefootNettleleaf Goosefoot
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Key winter annualsKey winter annuals
NettleNettle Shepherds PurseShepherds Purse
Groundsel Sow Groundsel Sow ThistleThistle
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Difficult, Tedious and Expensive to Hand WeedDifficult, Tedious and Expensive to Hand Weed
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Weed Control on High Density 80Weed Control on High Density 80--Inch BedsInch Beds
OrganicOrganic•• Techniques were laid out in the recent Techniques were laid out in the recent
issue of issue of Crop Notes Crop Notes ConventionalConventional•• We will update weed control research and We will update weed control research and
activities on specific crops todayactivities on specific crops today
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Fumigation with Metam SodiumFumigation with Metam Sodiumis a techniqueis a techniquethat is used across the that is used across the spectrum of crops grownspectrum of crops grownon high density 80on high density 80--inch bedsinch beds
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Beds rolled and immediatelyBeds rolled and immediatelysprinkler irrigatedsprinkler irrigated
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Green OnionsGreen Onions
PreplantPreplant•• MetamMetam•• GlyphosateGlyphosate•• ScytheScythePost Plant/Post Plant/preemergpreemerg**•• DacthalDacthal•• ProwlProwlPost emergencePost emergence•• FertilizersFertilizers
*Goal Tender is in the IR4 Program*Goal Tender is in the IR4 Program
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RapiniRapiniPreplantPreplant•• MetamMetam•• GlyphosateGlyphosate•• ScytheScythePost Plant Pre Post Plant Pre emergemerg•• PrefarPrefar•• DacthalDacthal•• TreflanTreflan
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Mustard GroupMustard GroupMizuna, Tatsoi, Mustard, ArrugulaMizuna, Tatsoi, Mustard, Arrugula
PreplantPreplant•• MetamMetam•• GlyphosateGlyphosate•• ScytheScythePost Plant Pre Post Plant Pre emergemerg•• PrefarPrefar•• DacthalDacthal11
•• TreflanTreflan22
1 1 –– mizuna and mustard; 2 mizuna and mustard; 2 -- mustardmustard
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Beet Tops/Swiss ChardBeet Tops/Swiss Chard
PreplantPreplant•• MetamMetam•• GlyphosateGlyphosate•• ScytheScythePost Plant Pre Post Plant Pre emergemerg•• RoNeetRoNeet11
•• Dual MagnumDual Magnum22
•• TreflanTreflan33
1 1 –– beet tops; 2 beet tops; 2 –– Swiss chard; 3 Swiss chard; 3 –– beet topsbeet tops
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LettucesLettuces
PreplantPreplant•• MetamMetam•• GlyphosateGlyphosate•• ScytheScythePost Plant Pre Post Plant Pre emergemerg•• PrefarPrefar•• KerbKerb11
1 1 –– 35 day PHI35 day PHI
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81% <35 days81% <35 days
Kerb Kerb –– 35 day PHI35 day PHI
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Kerb Kerb –– 25 day PHI25 day PHI
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Kerb ChemigationKerb Chemigation
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Ground AppliedGround Applied ChemigatedChemigated
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Weed CountsWeed CountsBaby Lettuce Chemigation Trial No. 1 Baby Lettuce Chemigation Trial No. 1 –– Aug 30Aug 30
020406080
100120140160
Malva Nightshade Total Weeds
ChemigationGroundUntreated
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Weeding TimeWeeding TimeBaby Lettuce Chemigation Trial No. 1 Baby Lettuce Chemigation Trial No. 1 –– Aug 30Aug 30
0
5
10
15
20
25
Hours/A
ChemigationGroundUntreated
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Weed Counts Weed Counts Baby Lettuce Chemigation Trial No. 2 Baby Lettuce Chemigation Trial No. 2 –– October 4October 4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Nightshade S. Purse Sow Thistle TotalWeeds
ChemigationGroundUntreated
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Cilantro & ParsleyCilantro & Parsley
PreplantPreplant•• MetamMetam•• GlyphosateGlyphosate•• ScytheScythePost Plant Pre Post Plant Pre emergemerg•• PrefarPrefar•• PrometrynPrometryn11
1 1 –– currently only parsleycurrently only parsley
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Registration Situation of Registration Situation of Prometryn on CilantroPrometryn on Cilantro
•• There is an effort to There is an effort to establish a tolerance establish a tolerance for a 30 day PHI for for a 30 day PHI for prometryn on cilantroprometryn on cilantro
•• Residue trials have Residue trials have been conducted but been conducted but results have not yet results have not yet been submitted to the been submitted to the EPAEPA
•• This process has been This process has been dragging on for a very dragging on for a very long timelong time
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Weed Control on CilantroWeed Control on CilantroWeed CountsWeed Counts
TreatmentTreatment ApplicationApplication MalvaMalva ChenopodsChenopods Nightshade Nightshade PurslanePurslane TotalTotal
Caparol Caparol Post plantPost plantPreemergencePreemergence
0.50.5 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.50.5
CaparolCaparol PostemergencePostemergence(1(1stst true leaf)true leaf)
0.30.3 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.30.3
PrefarPrefar Post plantPost plantPreemergencePreemergence
22.022.0 10.810.8 2.82.8 0.30.3 35.835.8
UntreatedUntreated -------- 21.321.3 40.340.3 9.39.3 3.33.3 75.875.8
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Weed Control on CilantroWeed Control on CilantroTreatmentTreatment ApplicationApplication PhytoPhyto
ratingratingHours per Hours per
acre to weedacre to weed
CaparolCaparol Post plantPost plantPreemergencePreemergence
0.80.8 2.652.65
CaparolCaparol PostemergencePostemergence(1(1stst true leaf)true leaf)
4.84.8 1.881.88
PrefarPrefar Post plantPost plantPreemergencePreemergence
0.00.0 29.5929.59
UntreatedUntreated -------- 0.00.0 51.1751.17
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SpinachSpinach
PreplantPreplant•• MetamMetam•• GlyphosateGlyphosate•• ScytheScythePost Plant Pre Post Plant Pre emergemerg•• RoNeetRoNeet•• Dual Magnum???Dual Magnum???
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2006 Spinach Trial No. 12006 Spinach Trial No. 1
TreatmentTreatment Material/AMaterial/A MalvaMalva ShepherdsShepherdsPursePurse
Sow Sow ThistleThistle
TotalTotal
UntreatedUntreated ------ 10.710.7 8.08.0 8.08.0 28.028.0FarFar--Go Go 4.5 quarts4.5 quarts 9.79.7 4.74.7 2.02.0 16.716.7RoNeet RoNeet 1.25 pints1.25 pints 2.02.0 1.31.3 7.37.3 13.313.3RoNeet RoNeet + Dual Magnum + Dual Magnum
1.25 pints1.25 pints0.50 pint0.50 pint
2.72.7 2.72.7 9.39.3 15.015.0
Dual MagnumDual Magnum 0.50 pint0.50 pint 8.08.0 3.03.0 4.74.7 18.018.0Dual Magnum Dual Magnum 1.00 pint1.00 pint 7.77.7 3.03.0 3.33.3 15.715.7Lorox Lorox 0.2 lbs0.2 lbs 12.312.3 2.02.0 1.71.7 16.316.3
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Spinach Trial No. 1Spinach Trial No. 1TreatmentTreatment Material/AMaterial/A PhytoPhyto Hrs/AHrs/A
to weedto weedYield Yield
UntreatedUntreated ------ 0.00.0 32.932.9 17.017.0FarFar--Go Go 4.5 quarts4.5 quarts 0.00.0 26.026.0 15.315.3RoNeet RoNeet 1.25 pints1.25 pints 0.30.3 15.115.1 17.317.3RoNeet RoNeet + Dual Magnum + Dual Magnum
1.25 pints1.25 pints0.50 pint0.50 pint
2.32.3 13.713.7 13.813.8
Dual MagnumDual Magnum 0.50 pint0.50 pint 0.70.7 23.823.8 15.215.2Dual Magnum Dual Magnum 1.00 pint1.00 pint 1.71.7 20.020.0 13.113.1Lorox Lorox 0.2 lbs0.2 lbs 0.00.0 17.317.3 16.916.9
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Spinach Trial No. 2Spinach Trial No. 2
TreatmentTreatment Material/AMaterial/A ChenopodsChenopods NightNightshadeshade
PigPigweedweed
PurslanePurslane Total Total WeedsWeeds
UntreatedUntreated ------ 3.513.51 0.360.36 0.520.52 1.711.71 6.596.59Basamid Basamid 200 lbs200 lbs 0.450.45 0.030.03 0.000.00 0.310.31 1.201.20Basamid Basamid 400 lbs400 lbs 0.140.14 0.030.03 0.000.00 0.100.10 0.380.38Vapam Vapam 300 lbs300 lbs 0.240.24 0.100.10 0.120.12 0.150.15 0.720.72
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SummarySummary•• Despite our best efforts, weed control on high Despite our best efforts, weed control on high
density 80density 80--inch beds is challenginginch beds is challenging•• Ideally a longIdeally a long--term approach would reduce the term approach would reduce the
risk of high weed infestationsrisk of high weed infestations•• Diligent and successful employment of the Diligent and successful employment of the
mentioned techniques can over time reduce mentioned techniques can over time reduce weed pressure to tolerable and affordable weed pressure to tolerable and affordable levels levels