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XvKv Avn&Qvwbqv wgkb KgbI‡qj_ Ae jvwb©s weDwU †Kqvi n¨vÛeyK
Transcript of weDwU †Kqvi n¨vÛeyK · 11 †gwbwKIi Gi aviYv 25 12 †gwbwKIi Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYmg~n...
XvKv Avn&Qvwbqv wgkbKgbI‡qj_ Ae jvwb©s
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‘Handbook on Beauty Care’ A Training Material for livelihood skills training designed for neo-literates and per-sons having limited reading skills, developed by Center for International Education and Development (CINED) and published by Dhaka Ahsania Mission with support from Commonwealth of Learning (COL).
© Commonwealth of Learning
This publication is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Licence (International): http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-sa/3.0
For the avoidance of doubt, by applying this licence the Commonwealth of Learning does not waive any privileages or immunities from claims that they may be entitled to assert, nor does the Commonwealth of Learning submititself to the jurisdiction, court, legal processes or laws of any jurisdiction.
Commonwealth of Learning 2015
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GB welqwU we‡ePbvq †i‡L XvKv Avn&Qvwbqv wgk‡bi Ô†m›Uvi di B›Uvib¨vkbvj GWz‡Kkb GÛ †W‡fjc‡g›UÕ (CINED) eZ©gvb
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2.weDwU †Kqvi 3.KviPzwc I Rwi PzgwK| cÖwZwU †Kv‡m©i mgqKvj nj 3 gvm ev 72 Kg© w`em| cÖwZw`b 4 NÈv K‡i †gvU mgq
288 NÈv| cÖwZwU †Kvm© DcKi‡Yi g‡a¨ Av‡Q cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj, cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i Rb¨ GKwU n¨vÛeyK
Ges cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvq mnvqZvi Rb¨ †mkb wfwËK wfwWI wK¬c| `ÿZv wfwËK GB wZbwU †Kv‡m©i DcKiYmg~n wWwfwW-†Z
Ges XvKv Avn&Qvwbqv wgk‡bi I‡qemvB‡U cvIqv hv‡e| †h †KD I‡qemvBU †_‡K webvg~‡j¨ GB wZbwU †Kv‡m©i mKj DcKiY
msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
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cvi‡eb| DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv Kvh©µ‡gi mvÿiZv DËi I Ae¨vnZ wkÿv Kvh©µ‡gi AvIZvq welqwfwËK cÖwkÿ‡YI GB wmwi‡Ri
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ÒweDwU †KqviÓ n¨vÛeyKwU GB wmwi‡Ri GKwU n¨vÛeyK| GB wmwi‡Ri Ab¨ n¨vÛeyK ¸‡jv nj- KviPzwc I Rwi-PzgKx Ges
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GB wmwi‡Ri cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj, n¨vÛeyK I wfwWI wK¬c¸wji cwiKíbv I Dbœq‡b mvwe©K mgš^‡qi ̀ vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb CINED
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RvZxq Dbœq‡b Kvh©Ki Ae`vb ivL‡Z cvi‡eb| GB wmwi‡Ri n¨vÛeyK¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Avcbv‡`i †h †Kvb civgk© ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_
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1 weDwU †Kqvi †Kv‡m©i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv 7
2 weDwU †Kqvi †Kvm© Gi welqvejx 7
3 weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Uzjm I miÄvg 8
4 weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cvIqvi Uzjm 9
5 weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq AvmevevcÎ 10
6 weDwUwkqvb Kv‡Ri n¨vÛUzjm I KuvPvgvj 12
7 weDwUwkqvb Kv‡R e¨eüZ hš¿cvwZ I DcKiY Ges Gi hZœ 20
8 cvj©v‡ii DcKiY e¨e¯’vcbv 21
9 cvj©vi Kv‡R e¨eüZ DcKiY mvgMÖxi wnmve iÿY c×wZ 22
10 weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R hš¿cvwZ e¨env‡i †PvL I nv‡Zi mgš^q 23
wØZxq Aa¨vq11 †gwbwKIi Gi aviYv 25
12 †gwbwKIi Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYmg~n 25
13 †gwbwKIi cÖwµqv 26
14 †cwWwKIi Gi aviYv 30
15 †cwWwKIi Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYmg~n 30
16 †cwWwKIi cÖwµqv 30
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq17 Z¡‡Ki hZœ I †dwmqvj Gi aviYv 33
18 Z¦K cwi¯‹vi ev †dwmqv‡ji cÖ‡qvRbxqZv 33
19 Z¡‡Ki h‡Zœ ¯Œvwe©s 33
20 Z¡K wbe©vPb c×wZ 33
21 Z¡‡Ki wewfbœ c¨vK 33
22 iƒc PP©vi N‡ivqv c×wZ‡Z †dwmqvj c¨vK 33
23 bigvj †dwmqvj cÖwµqv 36
24 nvievj †dwmqvj cÖwµqv 39
25 kvn&bvR †dwmqvj cÖwµqv 41
4_© Aa¨vq26 åæ cøv‡Ki avibv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv 43
5
µwgK Aa¨vq/ welq c„ôv27 åæ cøvK Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYmg~n 43
28 åæ cøvK cÖwµqv 43
29 Avcvi wjc cøv‡Ki aviYv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv 47
30 Avcvi wjc cøvK Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYmg~n 47
31 Avcvi wjc cøvK cÖwµqv 48
32 gyLgÛj †_ªwWs Gi aviYv I cÖwµqv 49
5g Aa¨vq 33 †nqvi g¨vmvR I k¨v¤úy Kiv 52
34 gv_vi Pzj g¨vmv‡Ri DcKvwiZv 52
35 Pz‡j A‡qj g¨vmvR 52
36 Pz‡j A‡qj g¨vmv‡Ri DcKiY 52
37 Pz‡j A‡qj g¨vmv‡Ri cÖwµqv I avcmg~n 53
38 Pzj k¨v¤úyKiY Gi aviYv 54
39 Pzj k¨v¤úy Ki‡Z hv hv jvM‡e 54
40 Pzj k¨v¤úy Kivi avcmg~n 54
41 Pz‡j KwÛkbvi e¨envi 57
6
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
weDwU †Kqvi †Kvm©•weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡Ri Uzjm, •DcKiY/ KuvPvgvj I AvmevecÎ
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iæwPkxj mgvR M‡o DV‡e
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miÄvg, Avi wKQz n‡jv cvIqvi Uzjm ev kw³ PvwjZ ev we`y¨Z PvwjZ miÄvg| †h miÄvg¸‡jv nvZ w`‡q
e¨envi Kiv nq †m¸‡jv‡K ejv nq n¯Í PvwjZ miÄvg| †hgb- UzBRvi, wPiæbx, c¨vK eªvk, †nqvi eªvk,
dvBji, †bBj KvUvi BZ¨vw`| Avi †h Uzjm¸‡jv we`y¨‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ P‡j †m¸‡jv‡K kw³ PvwjZ ev we`y¨Z
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weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ wewfbœ Uzjm m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
weDwU †Kqvi welqK KvR Ki‡Z Avgv‡`i †h mKj hš¿cvwZ jvM‡e Zv n‡jv-
9
weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cvIqvi Uzjm weDwU †Kqv‡ii KvR Ki‡Z †M‡j wKQy cvIqvi Uzjm cÖ‡qvRb nq| ZvB GB Uzj¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i
mwVK aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡Ri cvIqvi Uzj¸‡jv Kx Kx, †Kvb Kv‡R Kx Uzj jvM‡e,
G¸‡jvi e¨enviwewa m¤ú‡K© Rvbv weDwU †Kqvi KvR hviv Ki‡eb Zv‡`i Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| GLb
Avgiv weDwU †Kqvi KvR Ki‡Z Kx Kx cvIqvi Uzj jvM‡e †m m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|
cvIqvi Uzj‡mi ZvwjKv 1 wóg †gwkb
weDwU cvj©v‡i †dwqvj Kv‡R gy‡L w÷g
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w÷g †gwkb we`y¨r PvwjZ †gwkb
2 Avqib †gwkbweDwU cvj©v‡i Pzj msµvšÍ Kv‡R AvqiY
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we`y¨r PvwjZ †gwkb|
3 †nqvi Wªvqvi Pzj ïKv‡bvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ GK cÖKvi we`y¨r
PvwjZ †gwkb|
hš¿cvwZ †Kv_vq cv‡eb-weDwUwkqvb Kv‡Ri hš¿cvwZ cvIqv hv‡e MvDwQqv gv‡K©‡Ui Ò†dwÝ, w`evgwbÓ bv‡gi †`vKv‡b| GQvov
Avjgvm Gi(avbgwÛ, ¸jmvb I Puv`bx PK eªv‡Â)|
10
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m¤ú‡K© weDwUwkqvb‡`i mwVK aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Avgiv GB †Kv‡m©i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wKQz AvmevecÎ
m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev
weDwU Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †h me AvmevecÎ jvM‡e Zv n‡jv
†dwmqvj †eW †dwmqvj Kivi Rb¨ †dwmqvj †eW cÖ‡qvRb|
†dwmqvj Kivi Rb¨ K¬v‡q›U‡K KL‡bv kqb,
KL‡bv Avav kqb Ae¯’vq _vK‡Z nq| †dwmqvj
†eW GKR‡bi †dwmqvj Kivi Rb Dc‡hvMx
Avm‡bi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e ˆZwi wifjwes †eW
åæ †Zvjvi †Pqviåæ †Zvjvi Kv‡R e¨envi Dc‡hvMx Kv÷gv‡ii
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wd«RweDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R wefwbœ KuvPvgvj cÖ‡qvRb|
†h¸‡jv c~‡e©B msMÖn K‡i ivL‡Z nq| Av‡M †_‡K
msMÖn K‡i bv ivL‡j Kv÷gvi Avm‡j ZvrÿwYK
msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e bq| GBme DcKiY c~‡e©B msMÖn
K‡i wd«‡R ivL‡Z nq| weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R wewfbœ
DcKiY †hgb wewfbœ c¨vK cÖ‡qvRb G¸‡jv ˆZwi
K‡i bigvj wd«‡R ivL‡Z nq| GQvov †dwmqvj
Kv‡R eid cÖ‡qvRb nq| weDwU †Kqv‡i †h me
wµg e¨envi Kiv nq †m¸‡jvI wd«‡R ivL‡Z
nq|
11
k¨v¯úy ‡eWPzj k¨v¤úy Kv†R k¨v¤úy †eW e¨envi n‡q _v‡K|
k¨¤úy †eW GKRb gvby‡li Pzj k¨v¤úy Kivi Rb¨
Dc‡hvMx Avmb/ weQvbv| k¨v¤úy †e‡W ûBj _v‡K|
GK RvqMv †_‡K Avi GK RvqMvq ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv
hvq|
eo Avqbv/†`qvj AvqbvwewDwU cvj©v‡i eo Avqbv _vKv Riæwi| Kv÷gvi
mvR ev weDwU †Kqvi KvR †hgb åæ cøvK, Pzj KvUv
†gK Avc BZ¨vw` †Kgb n‡”Q Zvi cQ›`g‡Zv n‡”Q
wKbv Zv †hb †m †`L‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ cvj©v‡ii
†`qv‡j Avqbv wdwUs K‡i ivL‡Z nq| iæ‡g Avqbv
wdwUs _vK‡j iægwU †`L‡ZI fv‡jv jv‡M
12
weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡Ri n¨vÛ Uzjm I KuvPvgvjAvgiv Rvwb weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R †ek wKQz n¨vÛ Uzjm cÖ‡qvRb nq| Avgiv B‡Zvc~‡e© cvIqvi Uzjm
I AvmevecÎ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| GLb Avgiv GB †Kv‡m©i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z n¨vÛUzjm
m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev
weDwU †Kqvi KvR Ki‡Z †h mKj n¨vÛ Uzjm jvM‡e †m ¸‡jv wb‡q wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv
Avqbv wbR‡K †`Lvi Rb¨ Avgiv mevB Avqbv e¨envi
K‡i _vwK| weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Avgv‡`i
†QvU Avqbv Ges †`qvj Avqbv `y‡UvB `iKvi|
wPiæYxPzj _vK‡jB wPiæYx cÖ‡qvRb| wPiæYx e¨envi
K‡iwb Ggb †jvK bvB ej‡jB P‡j| weDwU
†Kqvi Kv‡R Pzj k¨v¤úyKiY, A‡qj g¨vmvR
Pzj KvUv, Pz‡ji me ai‡bi mvR Kv‡R wPiæYx
`iKvi| Pz‡j e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Avgv‡`i `yB ai‡bi wPiæYx `iKvi| †gvUv `uv‡Zi wPiæYx I wPKb
`uv‡Zi wPiæYx |
UzBRvi ev wPgUvgyLgÛ‡ji åæ I †Vv‡Ui Dc‡ii ckg †Zvjvi
Kv‡R UzBRvi e¨envi Kiv nq| UzBRvi e¨envi
K‡i ckg †Zvjv‡K UzBwRs c×wZ ejv nq| Gme
c×wZ wKQzUv e¨_vhy³| 2- 3 mßvn ci ci G
KvR Ki†Z nq|
13
†nqvi eªvkPzj cwi¯‹vi Kiv I AvuPov‡bvi Kv‡R Avgiv
wPiæYx ev eªvk e¨envi Kwi| wPiæbx ev eªvk †hUvB
e¨envi Kwi bv †Kb †mUv fv‡jv gv‡bi nIqv PvB|
mvaviYZ Kg I cvZjv Pz‡ji Rb¨ eªvkB fv‡jv|
wPiæYx ev eªv‡ki WMv hw` †MvjvKvi wb‡Uvj bv nq
Zvn‡j gv_vi Pvgov ÿZ n‡q hvq| cvj©v‡i Pz‡ji
aib I AvuvPovevi myweav Abyhvqx e¨envi‡hvM¨
wPiæYx I eªvk ivL‡Z nq| cvZjv Pz‡j big eªvk
Avi †KvKov I †gvUv Pz‡j k³ eªvk e¨envi Kiv
nq|
c¨vK eªvkc¨vK eªvk †dwmqvj c¨vK jvMv‡bvi Kv‡R e¨envi
Kiv nq| GUv GK ai‡bi big eªvk|
†dwmqvj evwU †dwmqvj Kv‡R wewfbœ c¨vK cÖ‡qvRb nq| Gme
c¨vK e¨envi Ki‡Z wewfbœ evwU cÖ‡qvRb nq|
Gme evwU‡K †dwmqvj evwU e‡j| †dwmqvj evwU
Kv‡Pi nIqv PvB|
†dwmqvj eªvk †dwmqvj c¨vK jvMv‡bvi Kv‡R †dwmqvj eªvk
e¨envi Kiv nq|
14
†cwWwKDi †mU I †gwbwKDi †mU†cwWwKDi I †gwbwKDi †mU †cwWwKDi I
†gwbwKDi Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq| GB †m‡U wb‡P
D‡jøwLZ DcKiYmg~n _v‡K
wKDwU‡Kj wmRi, †iÄ w÷K, dvBji I †bBj
KvUvi| GB DcKiYmygn nvZ I cv‡qi bL
KvUv, b‡Li †kc Kiv I bL cwi¯‹vi Kivi Kv‡R
e¨envi Kiv nq|
wcDwgK †÷vb
cv‡qi †Mvovjx cwi¯‹vi Kv‡R wcDwgK †÷vb e¨envi nq| GwU gvwUi n‡Z cv‡i Avevi
†÷v‡biI n‡Z cv‡i|
myZv
weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡Ri åæ cøvK, Avcvi wjc cøvK I
gy_gÛj †_ªwWs Kv‡R m~Zv e¨envi Kiv nq| †gvU
K_v ckg †Zvjvi Kv‡R myZv e¨envi Kiv nq|
†K¬v‡iv‡dvg †Rj
weDwU †Kqv‡i †K¬v‡iv‡dvg †Rj wewfbœ Kv‡R
e¨envi nq| åæ cøvK, Avcvi wjc cøvK, gyLgÛj
†_ªwWs I Gwiqvq wkw_jKiY Gi †ÿ‡Î †K¬v‡iv‡dvg
†Rj e¨envi Kiv nq| evRv‡i wewfbœ eªv‡Ûi
†Rj wKb‡Z cvIqv hvq| †K¬v‡iv‡dvg †Rj
e¨envi bv K‡i Gi cwie‡Z© eidI e¨envi Kiv
hvq|
15
g¨vmvR wµg
evRv‡i wewfbœ g¨vmvR wµg cvIqv hvq| Z¡K
g¨vmvR Kv‡R g¨vmvR wµg e¨envi Kiv nq|
†hgb †dÝx g¨vmvR wµg, kvnvbvR g¨vmvR wµg
BZ¨vw`|
wKøÄvi/ wKwÄs wgé wK¬wÄs gv‡b cwi¯‹vi Kiv| hv e¨envi K‡i cwi¯‹vi
Kiv nq Zv‡K ejv nq wK¬Ävi| weDwU †Kqv‡i
e¨env‡ii Rb¨ evRv‡i wewfbœ iKg wK¬Ävi cvIqv
hvq| Mv‡q gvLvi mvevbI wK¬Ävi wn‡m‡e e¨envi
Kiv nq| evRv‡i wK¬Ävi 3 iK‡g cvIqv hvq-
wgé, wµg I †jvkvb|
†gK Avc †Zvjvi Rb¨ wK¬wÄs wgé LyeB fv‡jv|
Avj‡Zv K‡i mviv gy‡L wK¬Ävi jvwM‡q Zvici
Zzjv w`‡q Zz‡j †dj‡Z nq|
†Rj wK¬Ävi: GB ai‡bi wK¬Ävi †Zjgy³ _v‡K Ges gyL †avqvi
ci gy‡Li †Zj fve K‡g hvq|
cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq wK¬Ävi Z¡‡Ki Rb¨ LyeB fv‡jv|
G‡Z Z¡‡Ki †Kv‡bv cÖ`vn nq bv ev Z¡‡Ki †Kv‡bv
ÿwZ K‡i bv| Z¡K cwi¯‹vi Kivi Rb¨ Zz‡jv
A_ev Av½yj w`‡q wK¬Ävi jvMv‡bv nq|
cvDWvi
weDwU cvj©v‡i wewfbœ Kv‡R wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii
cvDWvi e¨envi Kiv nq| †dm cvDWvi I jym
cvDWvi| gy‡L gvwR©Z fve ˆZwii Kv‡R cvDWvi
e¨envi nq| GQvov jyR cvDWvi åæ cøvK, Avcvi
wjc cøvK I †_ªwWs Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq
16
¯Œve©
¯Œve© Z¡K cwi¯‹vi Kv‡R e¨eüZ nq| †Kv‡bvUv
ïay gy‡Li Rb¨ †Kv‡bvUv nvZ I cv‡qi Rb¨
Avevi †Kv‡bvUv mviv kixi ¯Œvwes© Gi Rb¨
e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e me †ÿ‡Î fvj gv‡bi ¯Œve©
e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| ¯‹ve© e¨env‡ii d‡j †Kv‡bv
cvk¦ cÖwZwµqv n‡j bv e¨envi KivB fv‡jv| ¯‹ve©
5 wgwb‡Ui †ewk gy‡L jvwM‡q ivLv DwPZ bq|
DcUb
gy‡Li Z¡K Uvb Uvb Kivi Rb¨ DcUb e¨envi Kiv
nq| evRv‡i wewfbœ cÖKvi DcUb cvIqv hvq|
†hgb-†dÝx, kvnvbR, ks‡Li ¸ov, wbg c¨vK
BZ¨vw`|
eo ZvIqvj I †QvU ZvI‡qj
ZvI‡qj B‡iwR kã| evsjvq ejv nq †Zvqv‡j|
Avgiv mevB kixi I gv_v †gvQvi †ÿ‡Î UvI‡qj
e¨envi K‡i _vwK| weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡Ri
†cwWwKDi, †gwbwKDi I Pzj k¨v¤úyKi‡Y wewfbœ
mvB‡Ri ZvI‡qj e¨envi n‡q _v‡K| †gvQvi
Kv‡R e¨eüZ UvI‡qj KU‡bi ˆZwi n‡Z nq|
†dwmqvj e¨vÛ
†dwmqvj Kivi mgq Pzj euvavi Kv‡R gv_vq
e¨vÛ e¨envi Kiv nq| GUv cwj w`‡q ˆZwi GK
cÖKvi DcKiY, †dwmqvj Kivi mgq hvi †fZ‡i
Pzj¸‡jv Ave× _v‡K|
17
†Uvbvi†Uvbvi n‡”Q GK ai‡bi mwjDkb †jvkb hv
Z¡‡Ki ewnf©v‡Mi giv †Kvl, Aewkó wK¬wÄs I
ˆZjv³ fve `~i K‡i †`q| †n‡Rjm¨vwjmvBwjK
GwmW A_ev †cÖvcvBwjb MøvBKj w`‡q †Uvbvi
ˆZwi nq| evRv‡i †Uvbvi wewfbœ bv‡g cvIqv hvq|
†hgb GmwUªb‡R›U †d«mbvi, K¬¨vwidvBs †jvmvb|
†Uvbvi Z¡‡K jvMv‡bvi ci GKUv wkiwk‡i fve
nq| A‡bK ZiZvRv jv‡M| wKš‘ †Uvbvi gyL‡K
ﮋ K‡i †Zv‡j| ﮋ Z¡‡K †Uvbvi e¨envi bv
KivB fv‡jv|
m¨vfjbAvgiv cÖwZwbqZB m¨vfjb e¨envi K‡i _vwK|
weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R †cwWwKDi I †gwbwKDi
Ki‡Z Gw›U‡mcwUK wn‡m‡e m¨vfjb e¨envi n‡q
_v‡K|
ZzjvweDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R Zyjv wewfbœ fv‡e e¨envi
nq| åæ cøvK, †gwbwKDi, †cwWwKDi, nvZ I
cv‡qi bL cwi¯‹vi, Pz‡j A‡qj jvMv‡bv, †Uvbvi
jvMv‡bv BZ¨vw` Kv‡R Zzjv e¨eüZ nq|
nvievj ˆZj weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R gv_vq I kix‡i bvbv
iKg †Zj e¨envi Kiv nq| bvwi‡Kj †Zj I
mwilvi †Zj me‡P‡q †ewk e¨envi Kiv nq| Z‡e
Gi mv‡_ bvbv nvievj `ªe¨vw` wgwkÖZ Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| †hgb- AvgjwK, fsiv, Ak¦Mܨv, Kc©~i,
`B, †g‡nw›`, e‡niv, wPÎv, ¸j BZ¨vw`|
evRv‡i †nqvi g¨vmv‡Ri Rb¨ wewfbœ †Kv¤úvbxi
†Zj cvIqv hvq| K`yi †Zj, RjcvB †Zj,
wZ‡ji †Zj, ev`vg †Zj, mwilvi †Zj BZ¨vw`|
18
wfUvwgb-B K¨vcmyjwfUvwgb B †K ejv nq Bq_ wfUvwgb| Z¡K I
Pz‡ji Dci wfUvwgb B Gi cÖfve Lye †ewk|
†dwmqvj I †nqvi wUªU‡g‡›U wfUvwgb B e¨envi
Kiv nq| Z¡‡Ki AKvj eva©K¨ Gov‡Z wfUvwgb
B cÖ‡qvRb| ewj‡iLv I Z¡‡Ki fuvR Kgv‡ZI
wfUvwgb B †miv|
m~h©g~Lx †Zj I ev`v‡g cÖPzi wfUvwgb B cvIqv
hvq|
Pzj k¨v¤úy Kivi ci Pz‡j wfUvwgb B e¨envi Kiv
nq| wfUvwgb B K¨vcm~j evRv‡i wKb‡Z cvIqv
hvq| B K¨vcm~j ev wµg Pz‡ji †Mvov k³ Kiv
I Pz‡ji gvb fv‡jv Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|
wfUvwgb-B K¨vcm~¨j e¨envi bv K‡i wµgI
e¨envi Kiv hvq| wfUvwgb B K¨cm~j LvIqvI
hvq|
gv‡q‡ðvivBRvigv‡q‡ðvivBRvi Z¡K Av`ª Kivi GKUv Dcv`vb|
Z¡K‡K gm„Y I Av`ª ivLv gv‡q‡ðivBRv‡ii
KvR| ﮋ, ‰Zjv³ I ¯^vfvweKZ¡K †f‡`
gv‡q‡ðvivBRv‡ii I wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| Z¡‡Ki aib
Abyhvqx gv‡q‡ðivBRvi e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
evRv‡i wewfbœ Dcv`vbhy³ mKj Z¡K Dc‡hvMx
gv‡q‡ðivBRvi cvIqv hvq|
†c‡Uªvwjqvg †Rjx
†c‡Uªvwjqvg †Rjx nvZ cv‡qi g¨v‡m‡R e¨envi
Kiv nq| Bnv Z¡K big K‡i I nvZ cv dvUv
`~i K‡i| evRv‡i wewfbœ †Kv¤úvbxi †c‡Uªvwjqvg
†Rjx cvIqv hvq|
19
wMømvixY
Z¡K big ivLvi Rb¨ wMøvmvwiY e¨envi Kiv nq|
kxZKv‡j †cwWwKDi I †gwbwKDi wPwKrmvq
wMømvwib e¨envi Lye Riæwi
†bBj cwjk
b‡Li †mŠ›`h© e„w×i Rb¨ †bBj cwjk e¨envi
Kiv nq| evRv‡i wewfbœ Kvjv‡ii I eªv‡Ûi †bBj
cwjk cvIqv hvq|
KuvPvgvj †Kv_vq cv‡eb†dwmqv‡ji Gme KuvPvgvj ev DcKiY XvKvi MvDwQqv gv‡K©‡U (†dwÝ, w`evgwb Ges Avjgvm bv‡gi
†`vKv‡b) Ges Puv`bx P‡K cvIqv hv‡e|
20
weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ hš¿cvwZ I DcKiY Gi hZœ
e¨envi RwbZ Kvi‡Y †h †Kv‡bv wRwb‡liB ÿq ÿwZi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ hš¿cvwZ
I mvgMÖxI e¨envi RwbZ Kvi‡Y ÿq ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i| GB ÿqÿwZ †_‡K hš¿cvwZ I DcKiYmg~n iÿv
Kivi Rb¨ wKQz cÖwZiÿvg~jK c`‡ÿc †bqv nq †mUv‡K ejv nq hZœ I iÿYv‡eÿY|
hš¿cvwZ I DcKiY Gi hZœ Avgiv †Kb †be?Avgv‡`i wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbl¸wj fvj ivL‡Z Avgiv G¸wji hZœ wb‡q _vwK| hZœ bv Ki‡j †Kv‡bv
wRwblB †ewk w`b †U‡K bv| †gwkb I hš¿cvwZ mgm¨vgy³ Ges Pvjy ivL‡Z Gi iÿYv‡eÿY Lye Riæwi|
hš¿cvwZ I nvwZqvimg~n h‡Zœi Afv‡e wb‡¤œv³ Ae¯’vq cwZZ nq
gwiPv c‡o, •UvBU n‡q hvq,•e¨env‡ii A‡hvM¨ n‡q c‡o,•cvU©m¸‡jv †fs‡M hvq•
hš¿cvwZ I DcKiY Gi hZœ †gwkb I DcKiY Gi h‡Zœi cÖ_g avc n‡jv †gwkb I DcKiY Gi ˆZwi I wewagvjv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|
cÖ‡Z¨K DcKiY Gi ˆZwi I e¨envi wewa m¤ú‡K© cÖ¯ÍZKvi‡Ki cÿ †_‡K wb‡`©wkKv _v‡K| Gme
wb‡`©wkKv ev g¨vbyqvj †_‡K Avgiv wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvwi-
DcKiY Gi cwiwPwZ•DcKi‡Yi ˆewkó¨•DcKiYwUi e¨enviwewa•DcKiY e¨env‡i mZK©Zv•msiÿ‡Yi wbqg BZ¨vw`•
wb‡`©wkKv †_‡K Avgiv GB me Ávb †be Ges †m Abyhvqx DcKiYmg~n e¨envi Kie I G¸‡jvi
hZœ †be|
cvIqvi UzjmGi hZœcvIqvi Uzjm Gi h‡Zœi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e
Kv‡Ri ïiæ‡Z Ges Kv‡Ri †k‡l wbqwgZ cwi¯‹vi Kiv •ˆe`y¨wZK jvB‡bi ms‡hvM Av‡Q wKbv †`Lv, KvR †kl n‡j myBR Ad Kiv• cÖwZw`b KvR †kl n‡j wbivc`/ h_v¯’v‡b ivLv|•
21
n¨vÛ Uzjm Gi hZœ n¨vÛ Uzjm Gi hZœ wb‡Z wb‡Pi KvR¸wj Kiv n‡q _v‡K |
15 w`b ev 1 gvm ci ci KvuvwP‡Z ˆe`y¨wZK kvb †`qv|•†dwmqvj c¨vK evwU, A‡qj evwU, wPiæYx/ eªvk, UzBRvi, †cwWwKDi †mU, †gwbwKDi †mU, Mvgjv •BZ¨vw` e¨envi †k‡l wbqg gvwdK †avqvi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
DcKiYmg~n †avqvi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv wK¬Ävi I cwi¯‹vi cvwb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| †avqv I •†gvQvi ci wba©vwiZ †mv †K‡m ivLv|
†h cv‡Î †h DcKiY ivLv nq †mUv Ab¨ Kv‡R e¨envi bv Kiv|•†h me DcKiY RxevYy gy³ Kivi `iKvi nq, †m¸‡jv cÖwZevi e¨envi K‡i †avqvi mgq •Gw›Um¨vcwUK e¨envi Kiv A_ev dzUšÍ cvwb‡Z †÷‡ijvBRW ev RxevY~gy³ Kiv| †hgb †gwbwKDi
I †cwWwKDi †mU, UzBRvi BZ¨vw`|
Kv÷gvi I weDwUwkqvb Df‡qi e¨w³MZ wbivcËvi DcKiY †hgb †dwmqvj MvDb, G‡cÖvb, •Møvem BZ¨vw` wbqwgZ †avqv I ïwK‡q cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv Bw¯¿ K‡i ivLv|
Avmeve c‡Îi hZœ†dwmqvj †eW, åæ cøvK †Pqvi, Pzj KvUvi †Pqvi, Uzj, BZ¨vw` AvmevecÎ cÖwZw`b Kv‡Ri ïiæ‡Z
wb‡`©wkKv Abyhvqx ayjvevwj gy‡Q cwi¯‹vi Kiv| w`‡bi †k‡l Avevi gy‡Q ivLv|
†gvQvi mgq cwi¯‹vi Kvco ev eªvk e¨envi Kiv|•wbqwgZ wd«R cwi¯‹vi Kiv| wd«‡R ivLv KuvPvgv‡ji cvθ‡jv cwi¯‹vi K‡i wd«‡R ivLv| •
ÎæwUc~Y© DcKiY wel‡q KiYxqcvj©vi Kv‡R e¨eüZ mKj DcKiY I AvmevecÎ †PK Kiv GKwU Riæwi KvR| †Kv‡bv DcKiY †gqv`
DËxY© n‡j †d‡j w`‡Z n‡e| n¨vÛ Uzjm I cvIqvi Uzjm ÎæwUc~Y© wPwýZ n‡j ÎæwUg~³ K‡i e¨envi Kiv|
hw` cy‡ivcywi bó nq Zvn‡j cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv| †K‡bvfv‡eB ÎæwUc~Y© DcKiY e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq|
cvj©v‡i DcKiY e¨e¯’vcbvweDwU cvj©v‡i cÖ‡Z¨KwU weDwU †Kqvi mvwf©m Abyhvqx †mKkb i‡q‡Q| †hgb-
åæ cøvK †mKkb•†nqvi †mKkb•†dwmqvj †mKkb•†cwWwKDi I †gwbwKDi †mKkb•
cª‡Z¨K †mKk‡bi Rb¨ Avjv`v †mv †Km _v‡K| †hgb åæ cøv‡Ki mKj DcKiY I AvmevecÎ åæ cøvK
†mKk‡b _vK‡e Avevi †dwmqvj Gi mKj DcKiY †dwmqvj †mKk‡b _vK‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K †mKk‡bi Kvh©µg
e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ mywbw`ó `vwqZ¡ fvM Kiv _v‡K| wnmve e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ Avjv`v †mKkb _v‡K|
22
cvj©vi Kv‡R e¨eüZ DcKiY mvgMÖxi wnmve iÿY c×wZ†h †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvq A‡bK wRwblcÎ e¨envi n‡q _v‡K| weDwU cvj©v‡iI A‡bK DcKiY
hš¿cvwZ KuvPvgvj cÖ‡qvRb nq| wKQz DcKiY cÖwZwbqZ e¨envi nq| GB¸wj e¨envi †k‡l hZœ K‡i
†i‡L w`‡Z nq| hZœ K‡i e¨envi Ki‡j Gme wRwbl A‡bK w`b e¨envi Kiv hvq| wKQz wKQz wRwbl
cÖwZôv‡bi ¯’vqx m¤ú`, hv GKevi µq Ki‡j 5/10 eQi ch©šÍ Avi wKb‡Z nq bv| ¯’vqx I A¯’vqx mKj
m¤ú‡`iB Rgv I Li‡Pi wnmve ivL‡Z nq| gvjvgv‡ji wnmve ivLvi Rb¨ †h eB e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K
ejv nq ÷K †iwRóvi| ÷K †iwRóvi e¨envi K‡i gvjvgv‡ji wnmve Kxfv‡e ivL‡Z nq Avgiv GLb
Avgiv †m m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|
¯’vxq m¤ú‡`i wnmve ivLvi Rb¨ ÷K †iwRóv‡i wjwce× Ki‡Z nq| †h me DcKiY wbqwgZ wKb‡Z nq
Ges e¨envi ev LiP n‡q hvq †mme DcKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î ÷K eB‡Z cÖwZwU DcKi‡Yi Rb¨ GK cvZv/c„ôv
_vK‡e| cvZv/c„ôvi Dc‡i DcKi‡Yi bvg wjL‡Z n‡e| cvZv/c„ôvi GK As‡k Rgvi weeiY Ab¨ As‡k
Li‡Pi weeiY wjL‡Z nq|
Rgvi As‡k hv hv _vK‡e†h Zvwi‡L Rgv n‡jv †m ZvwiL•Rgvi weeiYx ev fvDPvi bv¤^vi•cwigvb ev msL¨v•†÷v‡i †gvU KZwU Rgv n‡jv•
Li‡Pi As‡k _vK‡e†h Zvwi‡L LiP n‡jv•Li‡Pi weeiYx ev fvDPvi bv¤^vi•cwigvb ev msL¨v•†gvU KZwU LiP n‡jv•LiP ev` w`‡q eZ©gv‡b †÷v‡i †gvU KZwU Aewkó Av‡Q•
wb‡P GKwU ÷K †iwR÷v‡ii QK †`Lv‡bv n‡jvDcKi‡Yi bvg-----------------------
Rgv LiP Aewkó
ZvwiL Rgvi
weeiY/
fvDPvi bs
msL¨v/
cwigvb
†gvU
Rgv
ZvwiL Li‡Pi weeiY/
fvDPvi bs
msL¨v/
cwigvb
†gvU
LiP
23
weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R hš¿cvwZ e¨env‡i †PvL I nv‡Zi mgš^qwbR‡K my›`i ivL‡Z †mŠ›`h© m‡PZb e¨w³iv weDwU cvj©v‡i †mev wb‡q _v‡Kb| weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R wewfbœ
hš¿cvwZ I DcKiY e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g †mŠ›`h© †mev Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K| weDwUwkqv‡bi `ÿZv
gb‡hvM I m‡PZbZvi IciB GKRb Kv÷gv‡ii cwic~Y© weDwU †mev wbf©i K‡i| weDwUwkqvb A`ÿ
Agb‡hvMx I Am‡PZb n‡j wn‡Z wecixZ n‡Z cv‡i| GB Rb¨ weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R weDwUwkqv‡bi †PvL
I nv‡Zi mgš^q AZ¨šÍ Riæwi|
†PvL I nv‡Zi mwVK e¨envi Gi A_© n‡”Q weDwU †Kqvi KvRwU whwb Ki‡Qb Zvi †PvL I nvZ GKB m‡½ GKB Kv‡R mwµq _vK‡e|
Zv‡K KvRwU Kivi mgq †h welq¸‡jv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e Zv n‡jv
†h UzjwU e¨envi Kiv n‡e Zvi e¨envi cÖwµqv weDwUwkqvb‡K DËg iƒ‡c Rvb‡Z n‡e A_©vr †h •fv‡e aivi ev e¨envi Kivi K_v wVK †mB fv‡e ai‡Z ev e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
Kv÷gv‡ii kix‡ii †h As‡k weDwU †Kqvi KvR n‡”Q †mLv‡bB `„wó ivLv|•weDwUwkqv‡bi nvZ †PvL I gb‡hvM GKB m‡½ KvR Ki‡e|•
GmKj kZ© c~iY bv n‡j †mŠ›`h© e„w×i cwie‡Z© †mŠ›`h© nvwb n‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z weDwUwkqvb I Kv÷gvi
DfqB mgm¨vq co‡Z cv‡ib| †hgb †KD åæ cøvK Ki‡Qb| wZwb hw` Ab¨ gb®‹ n‡q åæ †Zv‡jb ev
myÿfv‡e åæ Gi †kc Gi w`‡K bv ZvwK‡q åæ †Zv‡jb Zv n‡j cøvwKs †kc g‡Zv n‡e bv ev AuvKv evKv
n‡e| d‡j Kv÷gvi AmšÍó n‡e I cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg bó n‡e| ZvB weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R, hš¿cvwZ e¨env‡i
†PvL nv‡Zi mgš^q LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
24
wØZxq Aa¨vq†gwbwKIi I †cwWwKIi
25
†gwbwKIi†gwbwKIi A_© nv‡Zi hZœ| bL my›`i I gm„Y ivLvi Rb¨ cÖwZ mßv‡n GKevi †gwbwKIi Kiv `iKvi|
†gwbwKIi Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYµwgK DcKiY cwigvb µwgK DcKiY cwigvY
1. Mvgjv 1wU 13. †MvjvcRj 1 Pv PvgP
2. †Zvqv‡j (eo) 1wU 13. †jeyi im 2 †U: PvgP
3. †Zvqv‡j (†QvU) 1wU 14. jeY 2 †U: PvgP
4. Kzmyg Mig cvwb cwigvYg‡Zv 15. wMømvwib (kxZ Kv‡j) 1/2 †duvUv
5. g¨v‡mR wµg 1 Pv PvgP 16. P›`b c¨vK 1 Pv PvgP
6. k¨v¤úy 2 †U: PvgP 17. ¯Œve© 1 Pv PvgP
7. m¨vfjb 1 †U: PvgP 18. †Uvbvi 1/2 †duvUv
8. wigyfvi 1wU
9. Zzjv cwigvYgZ
10 wcDwgM‡÷vb 1wU
11. †bBj eªvk (md&U) 1wU
12. †gwbwKDi †mU
K. wKDwUK¨vj wmRi
L. I‡iÄ w÷K
M. dvBjvi
N. †bBj KvUvi
O. Avqbv
1wU
26
†gwbwKIi cÖwµqv
cÖ_‡g Z~jvq wigyfvi jvwM‡q b‡Li †bj •cvwjk Zz‡j wbb|
†bBj KvUvi w`‡q nv‡Zi bL †mc K‡i •wbb| A_ev Pvwn`vg‡Zv bL †K‡U wbb|
GB †md `yB ai‡bi Kiv hvq| †Mvj Ges
¯‹qvi| †Mvj n‡j †bBj KvUvi w`‡q bL
†Mvj †mc w`‡Z n‡e| ¯‹qvi n‡j ¯‹qvi
†kc w`‡Z n‡e
¯‹qvi n‡j cÖ_‡g b‡Li gvSLv‡b KvUzb| •Zvici `yB cv‡ki bL †K‡U ¯‹qvi †mc
w`b|
¯‹qvi †mc †`qvi Qwe
wWRvBb AuvKvi Qwe
Zzjvi mvnv‡h¨ †Uvbvi jvwM‡q nvZ cwi®‹vi •K‡i wbb|
27
GKwU cwi¯‹vi Mvgjvq Kzmyg Mig cvwb, •k¨v¤úy, †jeyi im, †mfjb, wMømvwiY I jeY
GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q wbb| K‡qKwU †Mvjvc
dz‡ji cvcwo cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q wbb|
GB cvwb‡Z 10-15 wgwbU nvZ wfwR‡q •ivLyb| Gici †bBj eªvk w`‡q nv‡Zi KbyB
ch©šÍ N‡l wbb|
nvZ cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q ivLvi Qwe1.
‡bBj eªvk w`‡q nv‡Zi KbyB ch©šÍ Nlvi Qwe2.
†gwbwKIi †mU e¨envi K‡i bL cwi®‹vi •Kiæb|
wKDwUK¨vj wmRvi w`‡q b‡Li giv Pvgov •†K‡U †djyb|
wKDwUK¨vj wmRvi w`‡q b‡Li Pvgov KvUvi Qwe
28
dvBji w`‡q bL I b‡Li gv_v cwi®‹vi K‡i •N‡l mvBR Kiæb|
dvBji w`‡q bL cwi®‹vi Kivi Qwe
P›`b c¨vK I †Mvjvc Rj GK mv‡_ wgwk‡q •nv‡Zi KbyB ch©šÍ c¨vK jvMvb|
10-15 wgwbU †i‡L bigvj cvwb w`‡q ay‡q gy‡Q †djyb|•
Zvici `yB nv‡Z gv‡q‡ðvivBRvi †jvkb •jvwM‡q w`b|
†jvkb jvMv‡bvi Qwe
29
me †k‡l cy‡iv b‡L IqvUvi Kvjvi jvMvb| •b‡Li gv_vi w`‡K mv`v is‡qi †bj cwjk
jvMv‡Z cv‡ib| (hw` Kv÷gvi Pvq)
†bj cvwjk jvMv‡bvi Qwe
mZK©Zv t†gwbwKIi Kivi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †h, †Kv‡bv fy‡ji Rb¨ †hb nv‡Zi †mŠ›`h©¨ bó bv nq| •
Wvq‡ewUK †ivMx‡`i mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e, cvwb †hb †ewk Mig bv nq|•
30
†cwWwKIi†cwWwKIi A_© cv‡qi hZœ| mvaviYZ: cv‡qi †mŠ›`h©¨ evov‡bvi Rb¨ †cwWwKIi Kiv nq| gv‡m Kgc‡¶
1 evi †cwWwKIi Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e mßv‡n GKw`b Kiv me‡P‡q fv‡jv|
†cwWwKIi Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYDcKiY cwigvY
Mvgjv 1. - 1wU eo †bBj eªvk (nvW©)2. - 1wU
†Zvqv‡j (eo)3. - 1wU eo †cwWwKIi †mU4. - 1wU
†Zvqv‡j (†QvU)5. - 1wU †Mvjvc Rj6. - 1 Pv PvgP
Kzmyg Mig cvwb7. cwigvY g‡Zv †jeyi im8. - 2 †U: PvgP
g¨v‡mR wµg9. - 1 Pv PvgP jeY10. - 2 †U: PvgP
k¨v¤úy11. - 2 †U: PvgP wMømvwiY (kxZ Kv‡j)12. - 1/2 ‡dvUv
m¨vfjb13. - 1 †U: PvgP P›`b c¨vK/wbg c¨vK14. - 2 †Uwej PvgP
wigyfvi15. - 1wU ¯Œve©16. - 1 †Uwej PvgP
Z~jv17. cwigvY g‡Zv †Uvbvi18. - 1/2 †dvUv
wcDwgM †÷vb19. - 1wU cvwb20. - cwigvY g‡Zv
†cwWwKIi cÖwµqvcÖ_‡g Zzjvq wigyfvi jvwM‡q cv‡qi 1.
b‡Li †bj cwjk Zz‡j wbb (hw`
_v‡K)|
†bBj KvUvi w`‡q cv‡qi bL †K‡U 2.
wbb|
Zzjvq mvgvb¨ †Uvbvi jvwM‡q cv‡qi 3.
gqjv cwi®‹vi Kiæb|
Zvici GKwU Mvgjvq Kzmyg Mig cvwb, 4.
k¨v¤úy, †jeyi im, †mfjb, wMømvwiY,
I jeY GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q wbb| Gevi
K‡qKwU †Mvjvc dz‡ji cvcwo cvwb‡Z
wgwk‡q wbb|
GB cvwb‡Z 10-15 wgwbU cv wfwR‡q ivLyb| 5.
Zvici †cwWwKIi Gi †mU e¨envi K‡i bL cwi®‹vi Kiæb|6.
wKDwUK¨vj wmRvi w`‡q b‡Li giv Pvgov †K‡U †djyb|7.
31
dvBji w`‡q bL cwi®‹vi K‡i N‡l mvBR 8.
Kiæb|
wcDwgK †÷vb w`‡q cv‡qi †Mvovjx N‡l 9.
wbb|
Gici P›`b c¨vK I †MvjvcRj GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q cv‡q c¨vK jvMvb|10.
10-15 wgwbU †i‡L iægvj w`‡q gy‡Q w`b|11.
Zvici 2 cv‡q gv‡ðvivBRvi †jvkb jvwM‡q w`b|12.
me‡k‡l cy‡iv b‡L IqvUvi Kvjvi jvMvb| Avi b‡Li gv_vi w`‡K mv`v i‡Oi †bBj cwjk 13.
jvMvb( hw` Kv÷gvi Pvq)
mZK©Zv cv‡qi †Mvovwj I b‡Li †Kv‡Y giv Pvgov KvUv ev Nlvi mgq mveavbx n‡Z n‡e| 1.
Wvq‡ewUm †ivMx‡`i †¶‡Î †cwWwKIi Gi cvwb †hb †ewk Mig bv nq| 2.
32
Z…Zxq Aa¨vqZ¡‡Ki hZœ I †dwmqvj
33
Z¡‡Ki hZœ I †dwmqvj
Z¡‡Ki hZœ ej‡Z †dwmqvj‡KB eySv‡bv nq| A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib †dwmqvj gv‡bB Z¡‡Ki †mŠ›`h© evov‡bv
wKš‘ †dwmqv‡ji g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Z¡‡Ki cwi”QbœZv I Z¡‡Ki Mfx‡ii hZœ †bqv| Z¡‡Ki h‡Zœi Ici wfwË
K‡iB wewfbœ c×wZi †dwmqvj I †dwmqvj c¨vK¸‡jvi Rb¥| †h †Kv‡bv c×wZi †dwmqvj Ki‡Z n‡j
Av‡MB eyS‡Z n‡e MÖvn‡Ki Z¡K wK ai‡bi I Zvi Z¡‡Ki Pvwn`v Kx? Z¡K mvaviYZ ˆZjv³, ky®‹ I
bigvj nq| †Kvb Z¡‡Ki Rb¨ †Kvb †dm c¨vK cÖ‡qvRb, weDwUwkqvb‡`i †mUv Rvbv LyeB Riæwi|
Z¦K cwi¯‹vi/†dwmqv‡ji cÖ‡qvRbxqZvcÖwZw`b Avgv‡`i Z¡K cÖPzi ayjv evwj I `~l‡Yi m¤§yÿxY nq| ïay cvwb w`‡q †aŠZ Ki‡j Z¡K cwi¯‹vi nq
bv| wbqwgZ Z¡K cwi¯‹vi Kiv bv n‡j Z¡‡K Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í Kvj‡P `vM c‡o| Z¡K J¾¡j¨Zv nvivq I wb®úÖvY
n‡q c‡o| hw` A‡bK w`b Z¡K wVKfv‡e cwi¯‹vi Kiv bv c‡o Zvn‡j Kvj‡P `vM `xN©¯’vqx n‡q c‡o GB
`vM Avi KL‡bv bvI †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wbqwgZ Z¡‡Ki hZœ Kiv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| Z¡‡Ki †mŠ›`h© `xN©¯’vqx
Kivi Rb¨ eqm I Z¡‡Ki aiY Abyqvqx mßv‡n / 15 w`‡b /30 w`‡b GKevi †dwmqvj Kiv DwPZ|
Z¡‡Ki h‡Zœ ¯Œvwe©sZ¡K h‡Zœi GKwU eo Ask n‡”Q ̄ Œvwe©s ev Nlv gvRv| Z¡K cwi¯‹vi Gi Ab¨Zg c×wZ n‡PQ ̄ Œvwe©s| ̄ Œvwe©s
Gi gva¨‡g Z¡‡Ki giv †Kvl cwi¯‹vi n‡q hvq I D¾¡jZv ev‡o| Z¡‡Ki aib ey‡S ¯Œvwe©s Ki‡Z nq| Zv
bv n‡j wn‡Z wecixZ n‡Z cv‡i| hv‡`i Z¡K A‡bK †ewk ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq, ev eqmRwbZ Kvi‡Y giv †Kv‡li
cwigvb †e‡o hvq Zv‡`i Rb¨ ¯‹vwe©s| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e ¯‹vwe©s Kg eqmx †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ bq Ges ¯‹vwe©s
KL‡bv 5 wgwb‡Ui †ewk Kiv DwPZ bq|
Z¡K wbe©vPb c×wZnvievj †dm c¨vK e¨env‡ii c~‡e© Z¡‡Ki aib wK Zv †R‡b †bqv Riæwi| mvaviYfv‡e gLygÛ‡ji Kcvj
†_‡K bvK I _yZbxi Ask ch©šÍ hw` †Zj Av‡m Zv wUm~¨ †ccvi e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g gy‡Q wbb| H ¯’vb¸‡jv
wUm~¨ †ccv‡i †gvQvi ci hw` wUm~¨ †ccvi wf‡R hvq Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e Z¡‡K Nv‡gi cwigvb †ewk| hw`
wUm~¨ †ccviwU†Z Kvj‡P fve Av‡m Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e GB Z¡K AwZwi³ ˆZjv³| ˆZjv³ Z¡‡Ki gyLgÛj
I bv‡Ki Pvicv‡ki As‡k PK PK fve dz‡U D‡V| Z¡‡Ki aib †evSvi Rb¨ w¯‹b †U÷ †gwkb e¨envi
Kiv hvq|
Z¡‡Ki wewfbœ c¨vKgyLgÛ‡j Z¡‡Ki cywó I †KvgjZvi Rb¨ gv¯‹ ev †dmc¨vK e¨envi K‡i w÷g~‡jwUs ev DwÏß Kiv nq|
evRv‡i wewfbœ aib I gv‡bi †dwmqvj c¨vK cvIqv hvq| Z¡‡Ki aib Abyhvqx c¨vK e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
c¨vK¸‡jv e¨env‡ii Av‡M Z¡‡K g¨vmvR wµg e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
iƒc PP©vi N‡ivqv c×wZ‡Z †dwmqvj c¨vK N‡i e‡mB †dwmqvj Kiv hvq| Z‡e GB c¨vK ˆZwi Kivi mgq wb‡R‡K Lye mZK© _vK‡Z nq| KviY
gyLgÛ‡ji Z¡K AZ¨šÍ ¯úk©KvZi| ZvB c¨vK ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î wKQz wbqgvejx †g‡b Pj‡Z nq-
34
c¨vK ˆZwi Kivi wbqgvejxgv¯‹ ev †dm c¨vK ˆZwi Kivi mgq †h cvwb e¨envi Kiv n‡e Zv 10 wgwbU dywU‡q VvÛv K‡i •wb‡Z n‡e|
wPbv gvwU ev Kv‡Pi evwU‡Z c¨vK ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| c¨vK †gkv‡bvi Rb¨ Kv‡Vi PvgP e¨envi •Ki‡Z n‡e|
†h QuvKwb w`‡q cvwb QuvKv n‡e Zv w`‡q Ab¨ KvR Kiv hv‡e bv| KvR n‡q †M‡j cwi¯‹vi K‡i •ïwK‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
UvUKv kvK-kâx jZv- cvZv e¨envi K‡i c¨vK ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| •c¨v‡Ki DcKiY evUvevwUi Av‡M mvgvb¨ Mig cvwb‡Z wkj cvUv fv‡jv K‡i ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e| •Gme Kv‡R †mme DcKiY e¨envi Kiv n‡e †m¸wjI Lye fv‡jv K‡i ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
Avgiv GLb Z¡‡Ki aib †f‡` e¨envi †hvM¨ wKQz c¨vK ˆZwi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev| Z¡‡Ki aib †f‡` †h
†Kv‡bvwU wbe©vPb K‡i e¨envi Kiv hv‡e|
¯^vfvweK I wgkª Z¡‡Ki Dc‡hvMx wKQy gv¯‹ ev c¨vK ˆZwi cÖwµqvK) gyjZvwb gvwU I gayi gv¯‹ 3 PvgP gyjZvwb gvwUi ¸ov, 3 PvgP †Mvjvc Rj I 2 PvgP gay GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q †jB‡qi g‡Zv K‡i wbb|
ˆZwi Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_B GwU Zz‡jvi c¨v‡W wb‡q gy‡L jvMvb| 15 wgwbU c‡i Kzmyg Kzmyg Mig cvwb w`‡q
ay‡q †djyb| c‡i VvÛv cvwb w`‡q fvj K‡i ay‡q †djyb|
L) gq`v I gayi gv¯‹4 Pv PvgP QuvKv gq`v, 2 PvgP cvwb I 3 Pv PvgP gay GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q †jB ˆZwi Kiæb| ˆZwi Kivi
mv‡_ mv‡_ Zz‡jvi c¨v‡W wb‡q gy‡L jvMvb| 15 wgwbU c‡i Kzmyg Kzmyg Mig cvwb w`‡q ay‡q †djyb| c‡i
VvÛv cvwb w`‡q fvj K‡i ay‡q †djyb|
M) gyjZvwb gvwUi gv¯‹3 PvgP gyjZvwb gvwUi ¸ov I 4 PvgP †Mvjvc Rj GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q †jB‡qi g‡Zv K‡i wbb| ˆZwi Kivi
c‡iB Zz‡jvi c¨v‡W gyLgÛ‡ji Z¡‡K jvMvb| 15 wgwbU Z¡‡K ivLvi ci cÖ_‡g Kzmyg Kzmyg Mig cvwb w`‡q
ay‡q †djyb| c‡i VvÛv cvwb w`‡q fvj K‡i ay‡q †djyb|
N) P›`‡bi c¨vK6 Pv PvgP P›`b evUv I 2 Pv PvgP †Mvjvc Rj GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q †jB ‰Zwi Kiæb| ˆZwi Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_
Zz‡jvi c¨v‡W wb‡q gy‡L jvMvb| 15 wgwbU c‡i Kzmyg Kzmyg Mig cvwb w`‡q ay‡q †djyb| c‡i VvÛv cvwb
w`‡q fvj K‡i ay‡q †djyb|
O) Awjf A‡qj I wW‡gi c¨vK2 PvgP Awjf A‡qj, 1wU wWg, cvKv 1 PvgP cvwZ †jeyi im, 6 Pv PvgP P›`b evUv I 2 Pv PvgP †Mvjvc
Rj GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q †jB ‰Zwi Kiæb| ˆZwi Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zz‡jvi c¨v‡W wb‡q gy‡L jvMvb| 20 wgwbU
c‡i Kzmyg Kzmyg Mig cvwb w`‡q ay‡q †djyb| c‡i VvÛv cvwb w`‡q fvj K‡i ay‡q †djyb|
35
ˆZjv³ Z¡‡Ki Rb¨ K‡qKwU gv¯‹ ˆZwi cÖwµqv:K) kmv I wW‡gi c¨vK1wU kmvi im I 1wU gyiMxi wW‡gi mv`v Ask, Avav Pv PvgP cvKv cvwZ‡jeyi im I 1 Pv PvgP Av¨vj‡Kvnj
GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q †÷wijvBRW ev RxevYygy³ Zyjvi c¨v‡W wgwk‡q Z¡‡K jvMvb| 20 wgwbU Z¡‡K ivLyb|
cÖ_‡g Kzmyg Kzmyg Mig cvwb w`‡q ay‡q †djyb| c‡i VvÛv cvwb w`‡q ay‡q †djyb|
L) wWg I gmyi Wv‡ji c¨vKGi Rb¨ `iKvi 3 Pv PvgP gï‡ii Wvj evUv, 1wU kmvi im I 1wU gyiMxi wW‡gi mv`v Ask I Avav Pv
PvgP cvwZ‡jeyi im GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q RxevYygy³ Zyjvi mvnv‡h¨ Z¡‡K jvMvb| 20 wgwbU ci cÖ_‡g Kzmyg
Kzmyg Mig cvwb w`‡q I c‡i VvÛv cvwb w`‡q fvj K‡i ay‡q †djyb|
ﮋ Z¡‡Ki Dchy³ gv¯‹ I †dmc¨vK ˆZwi cÖwµqv :K) `ya I gq`vi gv¯‹4 PvgP gay, 2 PvgP QvuKv gq`v, 1 Pv PvgP cvwZ‡jeyi im I 3 PvgP †Mvjvc Rj GKmv‡_ fv‡jv K‡i
wgwk‡q †jB‡qi g‡Zv ˆZwi Kiæb| RxevYygy³ Zyjvi c¨v‡W wgwk‡q Z¡‡K jvMvb| 20 wgwbU ci cÖ_‡g
Kzmyg Kzmyg Mig cvwb w`‡q I c‡i VvÛv cvwb w`‡q fvj K‡i ay‡q †djyb|
L)wWg I gq`vi †dm c¨vKGi Rb¨ `iKvi 1wU gyiwMi wWg, 1 Pv PvgP QuvKv gq`v, 2 Pv PvgP ev`vg †Zj, 1 PvgP †Mvjvc Rj|
ev`vg †Z‡j gq`v wgwk‡q †jB ˆZwi Kiæb| Gevi wW‡gi Kzmyg wgwk‡q fv‡jv K‡i †dUvb Ges †Mvjvc
Rj †gkvb| RxevYygy³ Zyjvi c¨v‡W wgwk‡q Z¡‡K jvMvb| 20 wgwbU ci cÖ_‡g Kzmyg Kzmyg Mig cvwb w`‡q
I c‡i VvÛv cvwb w`‡q fvj K‡i ay‡q †djyb|
†dwmqv‡ji myweavmg~ngyL DR¡j Ges gy‡Li i³ PjvPj ¯^vfvweK Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv †dwmqvj K‡i _vwK| G‡Z Z¡‡Ki D¾¡jZv
ev‡o| Z¡K fv‡jv _v‡K| gy‡L ayjv gqjv ev †Zj RvZxq c`v_© AvU‡K _vK‡j Zv mn‡R cwi®‹vi n‡q hvq|
gv‡m Kgc‡¶ GKevi Aek¨B †dwmqvj Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †dwmqvj Kivi myweavmg~n n‡jv-
gy‡Li Z¡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e cwi¯‹vi nq|•
gv‡q‡ðivBRvi Z¡‡Ki Mfx‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i|•
†dwmqv‡ji mgq Z¡‡K ev®ú †`qv nq| G‡Z K‡i Z¡‡K i³ mÂvjb fv‡jv nq, Z¡K Av`ª nq Ges •Z¡‡Ki †jvg K~c Ly‡j hvq| †dwmqv‡ji ci Z¡‡Ki †h †Kv‡bv Dcv`vb fv‡jv KvR K‡i|
Z¡‡Ki Dcwifv‡Mi giv †Kvl `~i nq, d‡j Z¡K my›`i nq|•
bZzb †Kvl ˆZwi nIqvi e¨cv‡i DwÏß nq|•
bZzb †Kv‡li e„w× `ªæZZi nq Ges Z¡K ZiZvRv nq| †dwmqv‡ji mgq g¨vmvR Kiv niv nq, •G‡Z gy‡Li 120wU gvmj wijv·/ wkw_j nq| gvbwmK Pvc K‡g hvq Ggb wK ewj †iLv covI
eÜ nq| Z¡K `ªƒZ eywo‡q hvIqv n«vm cvq|
36
†dwmqvj cÖwµqvZ¡‡Ki h‡Zœ wewfbœ c×wZi †dwmqvj cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Avgiv bigvj, nvievj I kvnbvR c×wZi
†dwmqvj cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|
bigvj †dwmqvj K) bigvj †dwmqv‡j †h mg¯ÍÍ DcKiY cÖ‡qvRb-
DcKiY cwigvYgvSvwi evwU1. - 1wU
†QvU evwU2. 1wU
eo †Zvqv‡j3. - 1wU
†QvU †Zvqv‡j4. - 1wU
†dwmqvj wµg/ g‡ðivBwRs wµg5. - 1wU
¯‹vd© ev e¨vÛ (Pzj AvUKv‡bvi Rb¨)6. - 1wU
Zzjv7. - cwigvY gZ
†dwmqvj †Wªm8. - 1wU
G¨‡cÖvY9. - 1wU
eªY w÷K10. - 1wU
wK¬bwRs wgé11. cwigvY gZ
¯‹ve©12. cwigvY gZ
†dwmqvj c¨vK13. cwigvb gZ
w÷g †gwkb14. 1wU
†Mvjvc Rj15. cwigvY gZ
big eªvk16. 1wU
wfUvwgb B wµg/ K¨vcm~¨j17. 1wU/ cwigvY gZ
eid18. cwigvY gZ
37
bigvj †dwmqvj Kxfv‡e Ki‡eb:cÖ_‡g Kv÷gvi‡K †dwmqvj †Wªm civb|
gv_vq e¨vÛ jvMvb|
iægvj w`‡q gyL gy‡Q wbb|
wK¬bwRs w`‡q 5 wgwbU gyL g¨vmvR Kiæb|
iægvj w`‡h gyL gy‡Q †djyb
38
Gici g¨vmvR wµg w`‡q 15 wgwbU gyL
g¨vmvR Kiæb|
iægvj w`‡h gyL gy‡Q †djyb
¯‹ve© w`‡q 5 wgwbU gyL g¨vmvR Kiæb|
iægvj w`‡h gyL gy‡Q †djyb
†Pv‡L wfRv Zzjv w`‡q 5 wgwbU w÷g w`b|
eªY w÷K w`‡q eø¨vK †nWm ev †nvqvBU †nWm
Zzjyb|
39
Gevi gy‡L eid jvMvb|
†PvL ev` w`‡q mviv gy‡L c¨vK jvMvb|
10 wgwbU ci Zz‡j †djyb|
c¨vK Zz‡j gy‡L wfUvwgb ÔBÕ K¨vcmyj ev
wµg jvMvb|
L) nvievj †dwmqvjnvievj †dwmqvj Ki‡Z hv hv jvM‡eDcKiY cwigvY
wK¬bwRs wgé1. - 1 Pv PvgP
g¨vmvR wµg2. - 2 Pv PvgP
¯‹ve©3. - cwigvY gZ
DcUb4. - 1 Pv PvgP
UK `B5. - 1 Pv PvgP
MvRi, kmv I Av‡c‡ji †c÷6. - 2 Pv PvgP
40
DcKiY cwigvY†Uvbvi7. - cwigvY gZ
†Mvjvc Rj8. - cwigvY gZ
eªY w÷K9. 1wU
wfUvwgb B wµg10. cwigvY gZ
eid11. cwigvY gZ
e¨w³MZ wbivcËv welqK DcKiY12.
nvievj †dwmqv‡ji avcmg~ncÖ_‡g Kv÷gvi‡K †dwmqvj †Wªm civb|•gv_vq e¨vÛ jvMvb| •Gici Zzjvq †Uvbvi jvwM‡q gyL gy‡Q wbb|•wK¬bwRs wgé w`‡q 5 wgwbU g¨vmvR Kiyb|•iægvj w`‡q gyL gy‡Q †djyb|•g¨vmvR wµg w`‡q 5 wgwbU g¨vmvR Kiyb I iægvj w`‡q gyL gy‡Q †djyb |•MvRi, kmv I Av‡c‡ji †c÷ w`‡q 5 wgwbU g¨vmvR Kiyb I iægvj w`‡q gyL gy‡Q †djyb |•¯‹ve© w`‡q 5 wgwbU g¨vmvR Kiæb| iægvj w`‡q gyL gy‡Q †djyb| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e ¯‹ve© mevi cÖ‡qvRb •n‡e bv| hv‡`i Pvgov †ewk giv Zv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb ¯‹ve©| Avevi hv‡`i mgm¨v Av‡Q Zv‡`i Rb¨
bq| hv‡`i Z¡K †ewk ÿwZMÖ¯Í Zv‡`i Rb¨ ¯‹ve©|
Zvici †Pv‡L wfRv Zzjv w`‡q 5 wgwbU w÷g w`b|•eªY w÷K w`‡q eø¨vK †nWm ev †nvqvBU †nWm Zzjyb| •gy‡L eid jvMvb|•†Pv‡Li As‡k ev` w`‡q gyL DcUvb jvMvb|•5 wgwbU †i‡L iægvj w`‡q gyL gy‡Q †djyb|•Gevi wfUvwgb ÔBÕ wµg jvwM‡q w`b| 5 wgwbU ci gy‡Q †djyb| hv‡`i eªY Av‡Q Zv‡`i Rb¨ B wµg •bq|
41
M) kvnbvR †dwmqvjkvnbvR †dwmqvj Ki‡Z hv hv jvM‡eDcKiY cwigvY
kvn wK¬wÄs wgé1. - 1 Pv PvgP
kvn jvBd g¨vmvR wµg2. - 2 Pv PvgP
¯‹ve©3. - cwigvY gZ
kvn g¨v·4. - cwigvY gZ
kvnbvR wbg †Uvbvi5.
-cwigvY gZ
kvn †Uvbvi6. 1 Pv PvgP
Zzjv7. cÖqvRb gZ
w÷g †gwkb8. 1wU
eªY w÷K9. 1wU
kvn c¨vK10. cwigvY gZ
kvnbvR †dwmqvj Kxfv‡e Ki‡ebcÖ_‡g Kv÷gvi‡K †dwmqvj †Wªm civb|•gv_vq e¨vÛ jvwM‡q w`b|•kvn †Uvbvi w`‡q Zzjvi mvnv‡h¨ gyL gy‡Q wbb|•kvn wK¬bwRs w`‡q 5 wgwbU g¨vmvR Kiyb I iægvj w`‡q gyL cwi®‹vi Kiæb|•Zvici kvn g¨vmvR wµg w`‡q 5 wgwbU g¨vmvR Kiæb I iægvj w`‡q gyL cwi®‹vi Kiæb|•¯Œve© w`‡q 5 wgwbU g¨vmvR Kiæb I iægvj w`‡q gyL cwi®‹vi Kiæb| •†Pv‡L †fRv Zzjv jvwM‡q 5 wgwbU gy‡L w÷g w`b|•eªb w÷K w`‡q eøv¨K †nWm ev †nvqvBU †nWm Zzjyb|•Gevi gy‡L eid jvMvb|•kvn c¨vK jvMvb| 15/20 wgwbU ivLvi ci Zz‡j †djyb|•me †k‡l gy‡L wfUvwgb ÔBÕ K¨vcmyj ev wµg jvMvb|•
5 wgwbU c‡i gyL gy‡Q †djyb|•
mZK©Zv KLbI wb‡Pi w`‡K g¨v‡mR Kiv hv‡e bv| me mgq Dci w`‡K g¨v‡mR Ki‡Z n‡e|K)
c¨vK jvMv‡bvi c‡i K_v bv ejv| K_v ej‡j gy‡L fuv‡Ri m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|L)
Kg eq‡mi †g‡q‡`i †dwmqvj Kiv DwPZ bq| M)
42
4_© Aa¨vq
AvB åæ-cøvK Ges Avcvi wjc cøvK
43
AvB åæ-cøvK åæ cøv‡Ki aviYv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb‡Ri †mŠ›`h©¨ evov‡bvi Rb¨ A‡b‡KB åæ-cøvK K‡i| åæ-cøvK n‡jv m~Zv w`‡q wbw`©ó mvBRg‡Zv
åæ Zz‡j †djv| †KD †KD åæ I mg¯Í gy‡Li ckg Zz‡j _v‡Kb| Z‡e AuvwPj ev wZ‡ji Dc‡ii ckg
KL‡bvB m~Zv w`‡q †Zvjv hvq bv| Lye wPKb A_ev Lye †gvUv åæ †`L‡Z fv‡jv jv‡M bv| wbqwgZ åæ
cøvK Ki‡j gy‡Li †mŠ›`h© e„w× cvq I åæ Gi wbw`©ó ÷vBj eRvq _v‡K| AvRKvj åæ cøvK Lye RbwcÖq
n‡q D‡V‡Q| kn‡i åæ cøvK K‡i bv Ggb †g‡q KgB Av‡Q| AvR Kvj MÖv‡gI Gi msL¨v Kg bq| †KD
GKevi åæ cøvK Ki‡j wbqwgZ åæ cøvK Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡i _v‡Kb| Avgiv GLb åæ cøv‡Ki
Rb¨ Kx Kx DcKiY jvM‡e Ges Kxfv‡e åæ cøvK n‡e †m m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev
åæ cøvK Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYmg~n
DcKiY cwigvY†_ªwWs m~Zv1. cwigvY gZ ( †`o †_‡K `yB nvZ)
U¨vjKg cvDWvi/AvB cvDWvi2. cwigvY gZ
UzBRvi3. 1Uv
†QvU KuvwP4. 1Uv
†QvU Avqbv5. 1Uv
Zzjv6. GK UzKiv
†K¬vidg †Rj ev eid7. cwigvY gZ
åæ cøv‡Ki cÖwµqv Kv÷gvi‡K cÖ_‡g Avqbvi mvg‡b emvb|
gv_vq e¨vÛ civb
44
åæ †Zvjvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g Zyjvi mvnv‡h¨ åæ Gi
wb‡P cvDWvi jvMvb|
Wvb nv‡Z †`o †_‡K 2 nvZ j¤^v myZv wbb| myZ-
vi GK cvk `uvZ w`‡q †P‡c aiyb| Zvici †h
†Kv‡bv nv‡Z myZv 5/7/ 9 we‡Rvo msL¨v /evi
cu¨vP w`b|
Gici evg nv‡Zi ZR©bx ev ga¨gv Av½y‡j
myZvi 2/3 Uv c¨vP w`b|
Gevi Kv÷gvi‡K †PvL eÜ Ki‡Z ejyb| Gici
wb‡Pi åæ `yB nvZ w`‡q Uvb Uvb K‡i ai‡Z
ejyb|
45
cÖ_‡g åæ Gi †Mvovi (bv‡Ki w`K †_‡K) wb‡Pi
Ask †_‡K åæ †Zvjv ïiæ Kiæb| ax‡i ax‡i
†kc w`‡q åæ Gi †kl cÖv‡šÍ wM‡q åæ †Zvjv
†kl Kiyb|
GKBfv‡e åæ Gi Dc‡ii As‡ki åæ †kc K‡i
†djyb|
å
KuvwP w`‡q åæ Gi gv_v †K‡U mvBR Kiæb|
46
Zvici †K¬vivdg †Rj A_ev eid w`‡q
†g‡mR Kiæb|
mZK©Zv
åæ- cøvK Gi mgq Aek¨B Pvgov UvbUvb K‡i ai‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j Pvgov †K‡U †h‡Z cv‡i| 1.
†nqvi wigyfvi w`‡q KL‡bv gy‡Li ckg †Zvjv DwPZ bq| 2.
wµg e¨env‡ii mgq †gqv` DËxY© wKbv Zv †`‡L wb‡Z n‡e| 3.
Kv‡iv GjvwR© _vK‡j åæ-cøv‡Ki Avav N›Uv Av‡M Gw›U GjvwR©K Jla †meb Ki‡Z n‡e| 4.
47
Avcvi wjc cøvKAvcvi wjc cøv‡Ki aviYv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †Vuv‡Ui Dc‡ii Ask‡K Avcvi wjc e‡j| Avcvi wjc cøvK n‡jv m~Zv w`‡q †Vv‡Ui Dc‡ii ckg Zz‡j
†djv| †mŠ›`h© m‡PZb bvixiv åæ cøv‡Ki g‡Zv †Vv‡Ui Dc‡ii As‡ki ckg Zz‡j gy‡Li †mŠ›`h© e„w×
K‡ib| hviv cy‡iv gy‡Li ckg Zz‡j _v‡Kb Zv‡`i Avcvi wjc cøvK, gLygÛj †_ªwWs Gi mgq GKmv‡_
n‡q hvq| †KD †KD cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv ïay åæ- cøvK I Avcvi wjc cøvK K‡i _v‡Kb|
KL‡bv KL‡bv ni‡gvbvj ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv bvixi †Vuv‡Ui Pvicv‡ki GKUz eo AK…wZi I Nb
†jvg nq| GB Kvi‡Y †Kvb †Kvb gwnjvi gyLgÛj cyiæl‡`i g‡Zv †`Lvq| †Vuv‡Ui Pvicv‡k ckg †Kv‡bv
bvixiB Kvg¨ bq| ZvB †mŠ›`h© m‡PZb bvix gvÎB gyLgÛ‡ji AevwÂZ ckg AcmviY K‡i _v‡Kb| iƒc
PP©vq GUv‡K †_ªwWs ejv nq| bvix‡K bvixi g‡Zv †`L‡Z, gyL cwi¯‹vi ivL‡Z I gy‡Li †mŠ›`h© e„w×i Rb¨
weDwU †Kqvi Kv‡R bvix‡`i wjc cøvK Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I ¸iæZ¡ AZ¨waK| Avgiv GLb Avcvi wjc cøvK
Ki‡Z n‡j Kx Kx DcKiY jvM‡e Ges Kxfv‡e Avcvi wjc cøvK Kiv nq †m m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|
Avcvi wjc cøvK Gi Rb¨ DcKiYmg~n
DcKiY cwigvY†_ªwWs m~Zv• cwigvY gZ/ †`o †_‡K `yB nvZ j¯^v
U¨vjKg cvDWvi/AvB cvDWvi• cvDWvi
UzBRvi• 1Uv
†QvU KuvwP• 1Uv
†QvU Avqbv• 1Uv
Zzjv• GK UzKiv
cwigvY gZ g¨v‡mR wµg• cwigvY gZ
Avcvi wjc cøv‡Ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq AvmevecÎ nj †_ªwWs †Pqvi, †`qvj Avqbv I Uzjm|
48
Avcvi wjc cøv‡Ki cÖwµqvKv÷gvi‡K Avqbvi mvg‡b emvb I gv_vq e¨vÛ •civb|
Avcvi wjc cøvK Gi Rb¨ Gwiqv wPwýZ Kiæb I •†h As‡ki ckg Zzj‡eb †mLv‡b Zyjv w`‡q cvDWvi
jvwM‡q wbb|
Wvb nv‡Z †`o †_‡K `ynvZ j¤^v myZv wbb| •myZvi GKcvk `uvZ w`‡q †P‡c aiæb| †h †Kvb
nv‡Z myZv 5/7/9 we‡Rvo msL¨v evi cu¨vP w`b|
Gici evg nv‡Zi ZR©bx ev ga¨gv Av½y‡j myZvi
2/3 Uv c¨vuP w`b|
Zvici MÖvnK‡K †Vuv‡Ui wb‡P wRnŸv w`‡q DuPz Ki‡Z •ejyb I myZv w`‡q †Vuv‡Ui Avcvi Gi ckg Zz‡j
w`b |
me‡k‡l †K¬vi‡dvg †Rj w`‡q GKUz †g‡mR K‡i •w`b|
Avcvi wjc cøvK G mZK©Zv
Avcvi wjc cøv‡K Gi Rb¨ wPwýZ Gwiqvq AuvwPj ev wZ‡ji Dc‡ii ckg KL‡bvB m~Zv w`‡q †Zvjv hvq
bv| Lye mveav‡b KuvwP w`‡q †Mvov †_‡K †K‡U †dj‡Z nq|
49
gyLgÛj †_ªwWsgyLÛj †_ªwWs Gi aviYv I cÖwµqvmg¯Í gy‡Li ckg †Zvjv‡K gyLgÛj †_ªwWs e‡j| mvaviYZ Avcvi wjc cøvK Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv w`‡j
†m †ÿ‡Î Kv‡iv Kv‡iv cy‡iv gyLgÛj †_ªwWs Kivi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv gyLgÛ‡ji ckgI wKQzUv
eo n‡q _v‡K| ïay Avcvi wjc Ki‡j ZLb cy‡iv gLgÛ‡ji mv‡_ wKQzUv AmvgÄm¨ †`Lv hvq | †mB
†ÿ‡Î cy‡iv gyLgÛj †_ªwWs Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
MÖvnK‡K cÖ_‡g åæ †Zvjvi †Pqv‡i emvb|•Gevi gv_vq e¨vÛ civb| •
Zyjvi mvnv‡h¨ MÖvn‡Ki gy‡Li Pvgovq •cvDWvi jvMvb|
Wvb nv‡Z †`o †_‡K `ynvZ j¤^v myZv wbb| •myZvi GKcvk `uvZ w`‡q †P‡c aiæb| †h
†Kvb nv‡Z myZv 5/7/9 we‡Rvo msL¨v evi
cu¨vP w`b| Gici evg nv‡Zi ZR©bx ev
ga¨gv Av½y‡j myZvi 2/3 Uv c¨vuP w`b|
Zvici MÖvnK‡K nvZ w`‡q Pvgov Uvb Uvb •K‡i ai‡Z ejyb|
50
Gevi myZv w`‡q gy‡Li me ckg Zz‡j w`b| •
Zvici gy‡L eid N‡l w`b| Gici †QvU •iægvj w`‡q gyL gy‡Q w`b|
me‡k‡l †K¬vidg© †Rj A_ev g¨vmvR wµg •w`‡q 5 wg. g¨v‡mR Kiæb|
bigvj cvwb‡Z iægvj wfwR‡q gyLUv gy‡Q •w`b| Z‡e †K¬vidg© †Rj w`‡q g¨v‡mR Ki‡j
gyL †gvQvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
51
5g Aa¨vq
†nqvi g¨v‡mR I k¨v¤úy Kiv
52
†nqvi g¨vmvR †nqvi g¨vmvR †h †Kv‡bv A‡qj w`‡q gv_vi Z¡K g¨vmvR Kiv‡K †nqvi g¨vmvR ejv nq|
gv_vi Pzj g¨vmvR Kivi DcKvwiZvPzj cwi¯‹vi I ¯^v‡¯’¨vR¡j ivLvi Rb¨ gv_vi Pzj g¨vmvR Kiv nq| G‡Z
Pz‡ji †Mvov mwµq nq, Pzj gReyZ nq I †Ubkb K‡g|• i³ mÂvjb fv‡jv nq• Pz‡ji g‡q‡ðivBRvi eRvq _v‡K• †iv‡`i nvZ †_‡K Pyj‡K iÿv K‡i• fv‡jv Nyg nq•
Pz‡j A‡qj g¨vmvRPz‡j †Zj †`qv GK ai‡bi KwÛkbvi| mvaviYfv‡e wek¦vm Kiv n‡jI we‡klÁiv e‡jb †Zj KL‡bv Pzj
MRv‡Z ev Pz‡j cywó †RvMv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i bv| Z‡e Pz‡j †Zj †g‡mR Ki‡j Pz‡ji †Mvovq i³ mÂvjb
nq Ges evwn¨Kfv‡e PKP‡K Ges gm„Y nq| Pzj †g‡m‡Ri Rb¨ evRv‡i wewfbœ †Kv¤úvbxi ˆZj cvIqv
hvq| K`yi †Zj, wZ‡ji †Zj, bvwi‡Kj †Zj BZ¨vw`| Avgv‡`i †`‡k Pz‡j jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ bvwi‡Kj †ZjB
†ewk RbwcÖq|
Pz‡j A‡qj g¨vmv‡Ri DcKiY µwgK DcKiY cwigvb
1 UvI‡qj 1wU
2. †nqvi K¨vc 1wU
3. weM wU_ wPiæbx 1wU
4. KUb cÖ‡qvRb gZ
5 A‡qj cÖ‡qvRb gZ
6 weï× cvwb cÖ‡qvRb gZ
7 †Z‡j wfUvwgb B K¨vcm~j 1wU
53
Pz‡j A‡qj g¨vmv‡Ri cÖwµqv I avcmg~nK¬v‡q›U‡K G‡cÖvb cwi‡q g¨vmvR †Pqv‡i •ewm‡q w`b|
GKwU Kv‡Pi evwU‡Z cwigvbg‡Zv A‡qj •Mig Kiæb|
†Z‡j wfUvwgb B K¨vcm~j wgwk‡q wbb| •KU‡b †Zj wb‡q Z¡‡K g¨vmvR Kiæb
A_ev Av½yj e¨envi K‡i Pz‡j 10 wgwbU
†Zj g¨vmvR Kiæb|
†gvUv `uv‡Zi wPiæbx w`‡q • Pzj AvuvPovb|
Gici Mig R‡j †fRv‡bv †Zvqv‡j GKUz •VvÛv n‡j fv‡jv K‡i gv_vq cvoMxi g‡Zv
K‡i Rovb| †Zvqv‡j VvÛv n‡q †M‡j ̀ yevi
cv‡ë cv‡ë evuayb| GiKg 10 wgwbU a‡i
Kiæb|
54
Pzj k¨v¤úy KivPzj k¨v¤úyKiY aviYv Pzj cwi¯‹vi Kivi Rb¨ k¨v¤úy Kiv nq| Avgiv cÖwZwbqZB Avgv‡`i wb‡Ri kixi I Pzj cwi¯‹vi K‡i
_vwK| wKš‘ ïay cvwb‡Z gv_v †aŠZ Ki‡j gv_vi gqjv cwi¯‹vi nq bv ev Pz‡ji AvMv †_‡K †Mvov ch©šÍ
j¤^v As‡k AvU‡K _vKv gqjv `~i nq bv| ZvB Pzj k¨v¤úy Kiv `iKvi|
Pz‡ji aib †gvUvgywU wZb iKg| h_v- ˆZjv³, ﮋ Ges ¯^vfvweK| Pz‡ji aib Abyhvqx Avjv`v k¨v¤úy
wKb‡Z cvIqv hvq| ˆZjv³ Pz‡ji Rb¨ j¨vgb k¨v¤úy Ges ﮋ Pz‡ji Rb¨ GM k¨v¤úy fvj| hv‡`i †Zjv
Pzj Zviv 4/5 w`b AšÍi k¨v¤úy Ki‡eb| hv‡`i ﮋ Pzj Zviv mßv‡n GKevi Ki‡jB fvj| KviY AwZwi³
k¨v¤úy Pz‡ji Rb¨ ÿwZKi|
Pzj k¨v¤úy Ki‡Z hv hv jvM‡eµwgK DcKiY cwigvb
1 UvI‡qj 1wU
2. weM wU_ wPiæbx 1wU
3. k¨v¤úy 1 Pv PvgP
4. weï× cvwb cwigvY gZ
5. k¨v¤úy †eW 1 wU
6 e¨vw³MZ wbivcËv welqK DcKiY- Av¨v‡cÖvb,
Møvfm
cÖwZwU 1 wU K‡i
Pzj k¨v¤úy Kivi avcK¬v‡q›U‡K k¨v¤úy †e‡W Avmb MÖnY Ki‡Z
ejyb Ges MvDb cwi‡q w`b|
cÖ_‡g eo `uv‡Zi wPiƒYx‡Z Pzj AvuPovb
55
Pzj cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q wbb| MigKv‡j •bigvj cvwb‡Z Ges kxZKv‡j Kzmyg Mig
cvwb‡Z wfRv‡eb|
cÖ_gevi k¨v¤úy Kiv
GK PvgP k¨v¤úy mviv gv_vi Z¡‡K jvwM‡q •wbb| Gici Av½y‡ji WMv w`‡q N‡l †dbv
K‡i Pz‡ji AvMv ch©šÍ †mB †dbv Qwo‡q
2 wgwbU a‡i g¨vmvR K‡i gqjv cwi¯‹vi
Kiæb|
gv_v fv‡jv K‡i cvwb w`‡q ay‡q †djyb|•
Pz‡j wØZxqevi k¨v¤úy Kiv
cÖ_gevi k¨v¤úy K‡i gv_v †avqvi ci •cvwb‡Z `yB PvgP wfwbMvi wgwk‡q gv_v
GKevi †aŠZ Kiæb| GB †ÿ‡Î wfwbMv‡ii
cwie‡Z© cvwZ †jeyi im e¨envi Kiv
hvq| G‡Z Pzj Sjg‡j nq| Gevi Pz‡j
wØZxqevi k¨v¤úy jvMvb| 2 wgwbU g¨vmvR
K‡i cwi¯‹vi cvwb w`‡q ay‡q †djyb|
56
Pz‡j KwÛkbvi cÖ‡qvM
Gevi Pz‡ji AwZwi³ cvwb †d‡j w`b| •cwigvb gZ KwÛkbvi nv‡Z wbb|
`yÕ nv‡Zi Zvjy †_‡K KwÛkbvi Pz‡ji wbP •†_‡K Ic‡ii w`‡K jvMv‡Z _vKyb| Pzj
j¤^v n‡j †gvUv `uv‡Zi wPiæYx Pvwj‡q cy‡iv
Pz‡j KwÛkbvi jvwM‡q 2- wgwbU A‡cÿv
Kiæb|
Gevi Avj‡Zvfv‡e ay‡q †djyb| †Zvqv‡j •w`‡q NlvNwl bv K‡i nvjKv K‡i Av`ªZv
eRvq †i‡L gy‡Q wbb|
Pzj ïKv‡bv
†gvUv `uv‡Zi wPiæbx w`‡q nvjKvev‡e Pzj •AvPov‡q ivLyb| eªvk e¨envi Ki‡eb bv|
†nqvi Wªvqvi e¨envi K‡i Pzj ïwK‡q
wbb|
57
Pz‡j KwÛkbvi e¨enviPz‡ji gyjZ wZbwU ¯Íi _v‡K| †hgb- me‡P‡q †fZ‡ii ¯Íi †gWzjv, gv‡Si ¯Íi K‡U· Ges evB‡ii
¯Íi wKDwUKj| wKDwUK‡ji Rb¨ Pzj SKS‡K I gm„Y _v‡K| wKDwUKj bvbvfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb-
Lye‡ewk m~h©iwk¥ Ges `~l‡Yi Kvi‡Y•Pzj †ewk eªvk Ki‡j Ges AvuPov‡j •†nqvi Wªvqvi w`‡q Pzj ïKv‡j•Pz‡j weøP e¨envi Ki‡j•Pzj †mvRv ev †KvKov Ki‡j•jeYv³ cvwb‡Z Pzj †aŠZ Ki‡j•
Gme Kvi‡Y Pz‡ji wKDwUK‡ji †Kvl †f‡½ hvq| G‡Z Pzj iæÿ I cÖvYnxb †`Lvq Ges AvMv †d‡U hvq|
Pzj weeY© n‡q hvq| bZzb Pzj MRv‡bv ch©šÍ ÿwZMÖ¯Í Pzj wb‡q _vKv fxlY K‡ói| wKš‘ wbqwgZ KwÛkwbs
Gi gva¨‡g Pzj Avevi c~‡e©i g‡Zv my›`i I ¯^v‡¯’v¾¡j Kiv m¤¢e| Z¡‡K †hgb gv‡q‡ðivBRvi e¨envi
Ki‡j Z¡K Av`ª nq, †Zgwb Pz‡i Rb¨ KwÛkwbs cÖ‡qvRb|
KwÛkwbs †Kb Ki‡ev
Pzj gm„Y nq•Pzj `„p nq•Pz‡ji AvMv wP‡i hvIqv eÜ nq•Pz‡ji RU †Q‡o hvq Ges AvPov‡bv mnR nq•Pzj wbqš¿‡b ivLv mnR nq•Pzj D¾¡j I SK S‡K nq•
evRv‡i KwÛkbvihy³ k¨v¤úy cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ Avjv`v KwÛkbvi Pz‡ji Rb¨ fv‡jv| KwÛkbvi Ggb nIqv
DwPZ hv‡Z c‡ii evi k¨v¤úy Kiv ch©šÍ _v‡K| cÖwZevi k¨v¤úy Kivi ci KwÛkbvi e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
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