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Listof

webinars

Sep-Dec2016

INFORMEDINFORMATION FOR NUTRITION FOOD SECURITY AND

RESILIENCE FOR DECISION MAKING

Caisses de RésilienceConsolidating community resilience by strengthening households’ social, productive and financial capacities

through an integrated approach

Alexis Bonte

FAO Regional Resilience

Coordinator for Africa region

Webinar FAO 07/07/2016

• CdR : Community based approach for consolidating resilience in a participatory and integrated manner

• Community : first affected, first to assist• Resilience : diversification and accumulation• Participatory : they know; we support & suggest : flexible• Integrated : Plan Marshall : no single option

Not only for disaster response or preparedness but also to improve livelihoods by increasing capacity to seize local (economic) opportunities which improve resilience

Main message

• Need to provide concept for community « Resilience » programming

• Based on success stories for communities and institutions• Adaptable according to contexts• Linking Emergency and Development• Integrated and particiatory approach : no agriculture silo (menu of options)• Based on livelihoods capitals• Sustainability : long term engagement (internal)

• Sources of inspiration

• Honduras : Caja rural . Conditionality• Uganda : FFS & VSLA . DRM-R• Niger : Warrantage

Background

Farm / Wom Assoc.

. Soc prot,

. SGBV

. C–F-W

. Nutrition

. Inclusion

Resilience

Conditionality

Facilitate

Financial Technical 1. Culture of

. Savings

. Commitment

. Responsibility

. Solidarity

2. Sust Agric

3. Others

. Knowledge

. Governance

. Nutrition

. Infrastructure

. Purch power

Social

Agriculture

EnvironmentGP

• PROD• CMDRR• AESA• CCA• NRM• PHH

SavingsLoans

IGA Diversificati

on

Contingency/SocialFunds

Vulgarisation of agro-environmental good practices

• Community based• Learning by doing• Season long• Independent from external sources• Adaptable to contexts and needs (APFS, JFFLS, PFS)• Group organization and decision-making (ownership)

Tech: Farmer Field School Approach

Dimitra Community Listeners Clubs• Social mobilization and local governance• Access to information and communication• Collective action• Transformation gender relations

Social: community mobilization

Banking the unbankable : group of people who save together and take small loans from savings

• Limited access to formal financial services • More structured and transparent than tontine• 15 to 25 members per group• Members buy shares (between 1 to 5) and make

regular savings to a common fund “a Caisse” (box) from which members borrow at a minimal interest rate.

• Social/solidarity fund• Learning before moving towards more structured

entities

Financial : Saving and Loan (VSLA)

Experience of Central AmericaCONCEPT OF CONDITIONALITY => access to credits only if selected good practices are applied

• Major challenge for all projects : internal incentive measure

• Responsibility and commitment for not staying dependant

• Direct individual benefit for general interst long term impact

• Based on local needs and achievable-realistic

• Encourage engagement for DRR, CCA and NRM good practices

• To bring social or behavioural change: education challenges, gender equality, health, etc.

Durable engagement of comunities

• 2007 : Emergency support to returnees (ECHO)– FFS to support production: mosaic resistant cassava, seed multiplication, seed stocks, grinding

mills (technical)– Small cash grant per group (financial)– Reintegration in communities (social)

• 2008 : Opening eyes for livelihoods opportunities (DEVCO)– Saving and Loans schemes– Cash for Work to stimulate initial capital (storage, markets, etc)– IGA – Diversification of income– Linkages with development programmes (Gov, NGOs)

• 2009 onwards : paving the way for development (ECHO, Swi, DFID, Bel, …)– Integrated appraoch

• Technical : CMDRR, AESA to identify risks and opportunities • Social : literacy, legalization, inclusion, nutrition, • Financial : linking with MFI, non farm activities

How it started in Uganda (from project to programme)

Example of Karamoja to build community resilience to climate risks

• Central America: natural hazards and climate related threats: importance to apply DRR measures– Post Hurricane Mitch– Conditionnality: access to credit ONLY if certain DRR good practices are applied– Long term environmental impact

• Central African Republic: conflict and protracted crises context– Fonds Bekou– Tech: seed multiplication, vegetable gardening, livestock rearing, post harvest management– Fin: processing units to support income generation– Soc: conflict management, social cohesion, GBV, hygiene, etc

• Liberia: Ebola awarness & recovery +women empowerment– Cash for awareness: women associations to carry out Ebola awareness raising sessions in neighbouring

villages to recover their VSLA – Lowland rice cultivation

• Other: Guinea Bissau (legalization of women groups), Mali, Malawi, Chad, Burundi (refugees), …

Adaptation to other countries and contexts

• Partnerships : implementation ,training, expertise on other domains

• Timeframe : minimum 2 years • Integrated appraoch : minimum 2 pillars

at the same time and followed by the 3rd

• Can be based on ongoing programmes

• Cost per group : from 4,000 to 10,000 USD (150 to 300 USD per fam)

Implementation arrangements

• 84% applied new agronomic practices

• Improved nutrition:• Reduction from 75% to 36% of the households using negative coping strategies

• 89% of groups interviewed are fully applying VSLA and want to fully apply in future

• VSLA borrowing: Basic needs, school fees, sickness, trading, brewing, cultivation, acquiring livestock

• VSLA supported group cohesion and encourage groups to continue without FAO or IP engagement

• Increased enrolment of children in school

• Gender: reduced domestic violence, women able to get loans, generate income and own livestock

Impact from the field: Uganda

Through the CdR, more than 70% of the interviewed beneficiaries identified improvement in:

– Knowledge of their rights and duties– Self-confidence– Saving capacities– Capacity to work in synergy with others– Running of the group

Other areas where mentioned, such as:– Paying fees school (63% of interviewed beneficiaries)– Economical activities diversification (64% of interviewed beneficiaries)– Activity income (66% of interviewed beneficiaries)

3 main areas of improvement:• Group governance through open management in groups, support among the

members, team work, etc.• Saving and mobilization of resources.• Building confidence inside the community

Impact on living condition in CAR

• Linking emergency to development• Facilitate diversified opportunities for communities• Promote cross-sector approach and partnerships• Can fit into ongoing programmes or from scratch• Appreciated by Donors (15) + fonds Bekou• Fit into major initiatives : AGIR, SHARE, BEKOU, P4P• Special interest for women associations (tontine, vsla)• Appropriate to cover lack of services (FFS, VSLA)• More than 10,000 groups supported (1,5 mi people)• More than 50 million USD mobilized

CONCLUSIONS

Alberto Bigi, PhD

Resilience and Disaster Risk Management expert

FAO Mesoamerica, Panama

Webinar FAO 07/07/2016

Adaptation of the “Caisse de Resilience” to Central American context

2011

Pilot project implementation funded by Belgium Humanitarian Preparedness Programme

USD 734.000, 12 months, 2.892 beneficiaries(Guatemala and Honduras)

2014

Evaluation and systematization2015

Emergency project drought in Central Americafunded by Belgium SFERA

USD 500.000, 12 months, 4.000 beneficiaries (Guatemala and El Salvador)

2016

Emergency Response Development/Resilience

Following up2016

Development projects

Mesoamérica Sin Hambre (5 years)

The Dry Corridor of Central America (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua)

CCFs operating requirements

Fund management and administrationParticipatory process

(association/community/municipality)

Definition of the rules and regulations• How to create the CCF (contribution)• How to provide sustainability to the fund

(Income Generating Activities, interest rates)• How to activate CCF

(Early Warning System, emergency declaration mechanisms)• Who can have access to the fund and for what use

(conditionality: good agricultural practices, DRM plan, etc.)

Capacity building and technical support• Association management, business plans, association rules

and regulations, accountability, administration, etc.

Good Agricultural Practices1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Income-generating activities1

2

3

4

5

6

Early Warning SystemsCommission Indicators

1. Availability of food Rainfall, temperature, humidity, harvest, stock of food

2. Access to food Cost of the food, availability of work in the community and the amount of wage

3. Biological utilization Presence of diseases and availability of drinking water

4. Disaster Risk Management

Record of any disaster in the community (flood, landslide, drought, earthquake, etc.)

Risk Management plans

1. Capacity building

2. Identification of the risks

3. Risk Map (localization of the risks)

4. DRM plans (actions, responsible and resources)

Project impact

50 farmer associations have established Community Contingency Funds • Contribution (10-30%)• Rules and regulations• GAP, EWS, IGA and DRM plans

2 892 target vulnerable households have improved their knowledges and awareness on Disaster Risk Management and Resilience and improved their capacities to prevent, mitigate and respond to a natural disaster

• Empowerment of farmers and strengthened community organization• Diffusion of good agricultural practices for Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change

Adaptation and Natural Resources Management (99%)• Increased preparedness to anticipate and respond to local threats and crises

affecting agriculture, food security and nutrition • Increased and diversified incomes for the households and communities (+30%)• Enhanced community ownership, through participatory planning and decision

making on risk reduction

Results: evaluation ex-post

- Association activities: Input procurement (+12%), saving and loan (+5%), technical assistance (+43%), income generating activities that do not depend on weather (+5%)

- Interest rate: 2-5%- Women participation: 71% (increasing +0.5%), 40% in the Board

of Directors, 53% receiving loans, 81% receiving credit from CCFs- Community Funds evolution: +31.39%/year

- Loans: 170,829.89 USD - Community projects: 23,276.51 USD - CCFs: 85,311.61 USD - CCFs credit: 19,195.58 USD

Results: Funds evolution (average)

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 -

1,000.00

2,000.00

3,000.00

4,000.00

5,000.00

6,000.00

Ahorros

Prestamos

Inversiones comunitarias

Fondo de emergencia

Fondo de emergencia prestado

TOTAL

Saving

Loans

Community projects

CCFs

CCFs out

TOTAL

+31.39%/year

Credit For Emergency Amount of loan/year/association (USD)

2,272.78 1,363.37 People receiving loans/year/association (#)

19.37 9.94 Women receiving loans/year/association (#)

10.32 8.00 Women receiving loans/year/association (%)

53.30% 80.51%

Results: Use of Community Funds

El Niño response: 68 emergency declarations, 28 CCFs activations, USD 19,195 distributed for emergency response by the communities in Guatemala

CCFs Vs Loans: Reduction of use for agricultural and production inputs and increasing of use to procure seeds, food and health

Results: GAP diffusion

6 years time: 17% --> 98.75% GAP adoption

Challenges and next steps• CCFs approach seems to be effective and sustainable to increase resilience of

rural community;

• The results achieved and the interest showed by beneficiaries and authorities indicated that it would be extremely important to extend this approach to other areas of the Dry Corridor and to other zones of Central America;

• Although results of the project have been very goods, capacity building processes

are slow and a longer duration of the projects would have been benefiting beneficiary farmer associations (case of Honduras);

• Scaling up needed especially the link of CCFS with rural bank institutions;

• Piloting CCFS as a link between emergency project and development (SFERA project in Guatemala and El Salvador, 12 months duration, 4.000 beneficiaries, USD 500.000): • The contribution of the beneficiaries for input distribution to constitute CCFs; • Development project to strengthen farmer association organization building

sustainability

Thank you for your attention!

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