Bell Work 2016-2017

KISSIAH

 

August 23, 2016

 

Bell work is a daily assignment you complete independently when you enter the classroom. It is part of our daily class procedure. Bell work is written in your composition book. Write the date on a line. Underline the date and start your bell work note on the same line.  Go to the next line to begin the next day. If you don’t have your composition book, you are still expected to write the note on a sheet of notebook paper, then write it in your composition book Review your bell work notes before each test. 

 

August 24, 2016

 

Procedure:

* Pencils

* Colored pencils

* Something to check with

* Textbook

* Agenda

* Write assignments and homework in agenda

* Ongoing assignments on desk

* Bell work

 

August 25, 2016

 

Decade: A group of 10 years 

Century: A group of 100 years 

Millennium: Ten centuries grouped together, or a

period of 1,000 years 

 

 

August 26, 2016

 

Paleontologist: A historian who studies fossils to learn what the world was like long ago

Archaeologist: A historian who studies the past by looking at what people left behind

Anthropologist: A historian who studies human culture and how it develops over time

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

August 29, 2016

 

 

Fossil: plant or animal remains that have been captured in rock

Artifact: an object made by people

 

Bell Work

August 30, 2016

Dating Events

In the Gregorian calendar, the years before the birth of Jesus are known as "b.c.," or "before Christ." The years after are called "a.d.," or anno domini. This phrase comes from the Latin language and means "in the year of the Lord."

 

 

 

August 31, 2016

 

Historians use the following types of evidence to learn about the past:

* Material objects such as clothing, pottery, and jewelry

* Written materials such as letters and documents

 

 

September 7, 2016

 

Facts can be proven by evidence.

* Example: The capital of Egypt is Cairo.

Opinions express an attitude or opinion that cannot be proven true or false.

* Example: Cape Town is the greatest city to visit in Africa.

 

 

September 8, 2016

 

 

primary source

firsthand evidence of an event in history

 

secondary source

a document or written work created after an event

 

 

 

 

September 9, 2016

 

No Bell work today. 

 

 

 

September 12, 2016

 

On the morning of September 11, 2001, a group of 19 terrorists hijacked four American passenger airplanes that were flying from the East Coast to California. The hijackers used the planes as flying bombs against American targets. Two planes hit the two towers of the World Trade Center.   A third plane crashed into the Pentagon. The fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania after the passengers tried to overcome the hijackers.  Almost 3,000 American citizens died.

 

 

 

 

 

September 13, 2016

Representative government-citizens vote for people who serve the will of the people.

 

September 14, 2016

 

Federal System- government that divides power national and state government

 

Separation of powers-the division of power among the three branches of government

 

September 15, 2016

 

Bill of Rights-The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution

 

September 16, 2016

 

All citizens have rights and responsibilities

 

 

September 19, 2016

 

• Longitude and latitude are imaginary lines that geographers

use to identify locations on the surface of Earth.

 

September 20, 2016

• Maps distort the size and shape of land masses because

they are flat and the Earth is round. There are many

different map projections used to show the Earth's surface.

 

September 21, 2016

 

• There are Six Essential Elements of Geography. These are:

The World in Spatial Terms, Places and Regions, Physical

Systems, Human Systems, Environment and Society, and

The Uses of Geography.

 

 

September 22, 2016

• Geographers use different types of maps to show physical,

political, and special features of places. Maps typically

include a scale, compass rose, and a map key to help you

read them.

 

September 23, 2016

 

There are seven continents and four oceans.

The seven continents are:

 

North America

South America

Europe

Asia

Africa

Australia

Antarctica

 

The four oceans are:

 

Atlantic

Pacific

Indian

Arctic

 

September 26, 2016

• Charts, graphs, and diagrams are all visual ways of

organizing information.

• Geographers and historians both study population and

culture. This tells them about the people living in an area

or moving from one place to another.

 

September 28, 2016

 

NO BELL WORK

 

September 29, 2016

Traditional Economy: An economic system in which custom decides what people do, make, buy, and sell

Command Economy: An economic system in which a central government decides what goods will be made and who will receive them

Market Economy: An economic system where individuals make choices about what to make, sell, and buy

October 3, 2016

The Paleolithic Age, also known as the Old Stone Age, began about 2.5 million years ago. It lasted until about 8000 B.C. 

October 4, 2016

• Paleolithic people were nomads who survived by hunting and gathering their food. • During the Paleolithic Age, people discovered how to make fire. They developed better tools and spoken language. and art grew more complex.

October 5, 2016

• About 100,000 B.C. the most recent Ice Age began. 

• During the Ice Age, the level of water in the oceans went down. As a result, a land bridge was revealed connecting Asia and North America. 

October 6, 2016

• Humans survived the Ice Age by adapting to their surroundings. They changed their diet, built sturdier shelters, and used animal skins to make warmer clothing. 

October 7, 2016

• The Neolithic Age began around 8000 B.C., at the end of the last Ice Age, and lasted until about 4000 B.C.

Bell Work Check for TEST GRADE is Thursday, October 13, 2016. Bell work must be written in the composition book to receive full credit. All bell work to from September 12 to October 7 must be included to receive full credit. For all students needing extra time, bell work is posted on the website.

October 10, 2016

• During the Neolithic Age, farming began to replace hunting and gathering. People also tamed animals. The move to settled farming is known as the Agricultural Revolution. 

October 11, 2016

• An increased supply of food made it possible for people to settle in villages.

 • People were able to take up jobs other than farming. 

 

 

October 12, 2016

NO BELL WORK

October 13, 2016

. • At the end of the Neolithic Age, people discovered that mixing copper and tin formed bronze, which was stronger than copper alone.

 • Between 3000 and 1200 B.C., the use of bronze spread. This time is known as the Bronze Age. 

October 14, 2016

 

• Four great river valley civilizations emerged during the Bronze Age—Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China.

 

October 17, 2016

 • Each of these early civilizations developed cities and formed governments. 

October 18, 2016

• Religion began to play a more important role in society. Societies were divided into social classes. Writing systems were invented,

October 19, 2016

TESTNO BELL WORK

October 20, 2016

NO BELL WORK

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@October 24, 2016

• The earliest known civilization developed in Mesopotamia in the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.• Around 4,000 b.c., farming villages began to develop along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Farmers used floodwaters to irrigate the land.

October 25, 2016• Since food became plentiful, not all people needed to farm.Some became artisans who specialized in making certaingoods. Goods began to be traded.

October 26, 2016

NO BELL WORK

October 27, 2016

• People began to live together in locations that favored trade.By 3000 b.c., several villages had developed into cities inSumer, a region in southern Mesopotamia.

October 28, 2016• Sumerian cities developed into city-states, self-governingregions that included a city and its surrounding area.• The people in the city-states practiced polytheism. Eachcity-state was ruled by a king. This position becamehereditary.

October 29, 2016

• Social groups developed in Sumerian city-states. Thesegroups included an upper class, a middle class, and a lowerclass.

November 1, 2016• Sumerians created many inventions including a writing system called cuneiform, the wheel, and the wooden plow. Many of these inventions were copied and improved upon by later civilizations.

November 2, 2016• Sumerians wrote the world’s oldest story, an epic poemcalled the Epic of Gilgamesh.• Around 2340 b.c., an Akkadian named Sargo

November 2, 2016

In the 1800’s B.C. the Amorites conquered Mesopotamia and built their own cities. The grandest of these was Babylon.

November 4, 2016 • Eventually, the Assyrian Empire extended from the Persian Gulf in the east to the Nile River in the west. The empire’s capital was at Nineveh. The empire was ruled by a king and was divided into provinces.

November 7, 2016• The Assyrians modeled their culture on the culture of the Babylonians. • Around 600 b.c., the Chaldeans conquered the Assyrians and formed the New Babylonian Empire.

November 8, 2016• King Nebuchadnezzar reconstructed Babylon and built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

November 9, 2016• The people of Babylon traded with caravans that passed through the city and thereby brought much wealth to the city. They also made many scientific advances

November 10, 2016

No Bell Work

November 14, 2016Around 5000 b.c., early Egyptians settled in the Nile River valley because of its fertile soil. Nearby desert lands provided protection from invaders.

November 15, 2016• The Nile River provided resources and protection. The river kept out invaders but allowed Egyptians to travel and trade with one another.

November 16, 2016 • Regular flooding of the Nile River brought fertile soil from the mountains to the valley. Egyptians farmed during the dry season by irrigating their crops. They dug basins to hold water and canals to carry water directly to the crops.

November 17, 2016• The Egyptians developed their own form of writing, called hieroglyphics.

November 18, 2016• By 4000 b.c., Egypt was made up of two kingdoms, Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. • In 3100 b.c., King Narmer united the two kingdoms and established a system of rule called a dynasty. In a dynasty, power is handed down through the family, usually from father to son.

November 28, 2016 • Egypt’s Old Kingdom began around 2600 b.c. The ruler of Egypt was called a pharaoh. The pharaoh was the political and religious leader of the people.

November 29, 2016

• Ancient Egyptians worshiped gods that controlled nature, including gods of the sun and the Nile River. Ancient Egyptians also believed in an afterlife.November 30, 2016 • The Egyptians believed that after death, a person’s soul took a long journey to a better place. They preserved the bodies through embalming, which taught the Egyptians about the human body and medical treatments.

December 1, 2016• Pharaohs were buried in magnificent stone pyramids. Their possessions were buried with them. • Thousands of workers were needed to plan and build pyramids. Over time, this helped the Egyptians develop skills in mathematics, geometry, and engineering.

December 5, 2016 • Egyptian society was made up of several classes or groups. The upper class included the pharaoh and his family, his army generals, nobles, and priests. The middle class was made up of merchants and artisans. The largest class included unskilled workers, such as farmers and laborers.

December 6, 2016• During the Middle Kingdom (c. 2055-1650 b.c.), Egypt took over nearby lands. The additional farmland and wealth helped Egypt’s population to grow. • The arts became important during the Middle Kingdom, as pharaohs ordered the building of new temples, tombs, and other structures.

December 7, 2016• Egypt declined in the 1600s b.c. when it fell under the rule of the Hyksos. Egyptians learned new fighting technology from the Hyksos and later overthrew them. • During the New Kingdom, Queen Hatshepsut expanded Egypt’s boundaries peacefully through trade, and King Thutmose III expanded it through war.

December 8, 2016• In the late 1300s b.c., King Amenhotep IV decided to change the Egyptian religion. The people did not like the change, and Egypt grew weak. • King Tutankhamen restored the traditional religion, but he died young. He is famous today because of the treasures found in his tomb during the early twentieth century. December 9, 2016• Ramses II returned Egypt to greatness by conquering Syria and signing a peace treaty with the Hittites. He rebuilt temples, which helped Egypt’s economy. • After the death of Ramses, Egypt declined and was conquered by the Libyans. The Kush people from the south also ruled Egypt for 60 years before the Assyrians took over in 670 b.c. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@December 12, 2016• The Nubians lived in an area later known as Kush, which is located to the south of Egypt, along the Nile River. Nubians did not have to rely on the Nile River for their water; their lands were fertile and contained gold. • Egypt conquered Nubia in the 1400s b.c. and ruled it for 700 years. Nubians adopted Egyptian traditions such as building tombs and using hieroglyphics.

December 13, 2016• During Egyptian rule, the kingdom of Kush rose to power. Around 750 b.c., the Kushites conquered Egypt, and in the 720s b.c. Piye established a new dynasty. • The Kushites were overthrown by the Assyrians in 671 b.c., but they learned to make iron from their new rulers, which made their tools and weapons stronger. • In 540 b.c., the Kushites established the city of Meroë. For centuries, the city was a major center for trade and iron production. • In a.d. 350 the armies of Axum invaded Kush and destroyed Meroë. Axum was an important trading center located in the present-day country of Ethiopia.

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Second Semester

January 4, 2017

Greek civilization began on a mountainous peninsulasurrounded by seas with many islands. As a result, Greekcommunities were often isolated. The Greeks created manyindependent city-states. This lack of unity weakened Greece,making it easier to be conquered.• The Minoan civilization began on the island of Crete andinfluenced the Mycenaean civilization that arose on theGreek mainland. The Mycenaeans outlasted the Minoans andmay have conquered them.

January 5, 2017• Wars and earthquakes helped cause the fall of theMycenaean civilization around 1100 b.c., followed by a “darkage .” During that time, the Dorians, a people known formaking iron weapons and tools, invaded and drove theGreeks off the mainland. The Greeks also adopted thePhoenician alphabet.• Greeks returned to the mainland and the “dark age” ended.The Greek population grew. This led the Greeks to establishcolonies around the Mediterranean Sea, in places such asItaly, North Africa, and western Asia. The colonies increasedtrade and spread Greek culture.

January 6, 2017• The Greeks developed the modern concept of citizenship.Each city-state was called a polis. Free, land-owning mencould become citizens. Citizens could vote, hold public office,and defend themselves in court. Citizens were alsoresponsible for serving in the government and defending thepolis by serving as hoplites, or soldiers, in the army of thecity-state.• In the 600s b.c., there were many political changes in

Greece. Farmers, merchants, and artisans wanted reforms.The unrest led to the rise of rulers with total power, calledtyrants.January 9, 2017• Although many tyrants were fair rulers, by the 500s b.c.most city-states had replaced them with either an oligarchyor a democracy. An oligarchy is a government in which afew wealthy people hold power over the larger group ofcitizens. In a democracy, all citizens share in running thegovernment.

January 10, 2017• The city-state of Sparta created a military oligarchy with avery strong army. Spartans boys trained for war from anearly age. Sparta's economy was based on farming and theSpartans had many slaves.• The Spartan government resisted change. Citizens wereprevented from traveling and there was little trade. Spartanwomen did have more rights than other Greek women, suchas the right to own property.

January 11, 2017• Athens developed from a city-state ruled by fair tyrants to ademocracy. In the 500s b.c., the tyrants Solon, Peisistratus,and Cleisthenes made reforms that gave citizenship to allfree men and helped the poor.• An assembly of all male citizens became the main governingbody of Athens. The assembly was aided by a council of 500citizens, who introduced laws and helped run the dailyaffairs of the city-state.

January 12, 2017• The Persians built a powerful empire in Southwest Asia. Thisempire was so large that its rulers divided it into provincescalled satrapies. Persia had a large, permanent army and avast network of roads. Persians believed that their kingsruled by the power of the god Ahura Mazda.

January 13, 2017• In the 400s b.c., Persia tried to expand into Europe and tookcontrol of some Greek colonies in the Mediterranean area.This led to war between Athens and Persia.• Persia invaded Greece, but the Athenians defeated a muchlarger Persian army at the Battle of Marathon in 490 b.c. ThePersian king Xerxes led another invasion in 480 b.c. and wona costly victory over the Greeks at Thermopylae. Later in480 b.c., the Greeks destroyed a huge Persian fleet at theBattle of Salamis.

January 17, 2017• The Persians lost a final battle at Plataea in 479 b.c. againsta combined army of Greeks from many city-states. After thisdefeat, the Persian Empire weakened and becamedefenseless against outside attacks.

January 18, 2017• After the Persian wars, Athens entered a golden age ofprosperity and achievement led by Pericles. He rebuiltAthens and formed a group of city-states called the DelianLeague. Pericles also expanded democratic government andencouraged trade.

January 19, 2017• Athens was a direct democracy. All citizens met to debateand vote on government issues. This worked in Athensbecause the city-state did not have many citizens. Womenhad no political rights and there were many enslaved peoplein Athens who helped build its prosperous economy.

January 20, 2017• Sparta did not join the Delian League. Instead, it becamethe leader of a group of city-states opposed to Athens.When Athens tried to interfere with Spartan alliances, warbroke out in 431 b.c. Historians called the war the

Peloponnesian War because Sparta was located in the Peloponnesus.January 23, 2017• Sparta had a stronger army, while Athens had a strongernavy. Sparta surrounded Athens but could not capture it.Then the Spartans joined with the Persians and built a navy.They conquered Athens in 404 b.c.• Sparta ruled its newly acquired empire much as Athens hadruled its empire before. For 30 years, city-states rebelledunsuccessfully. Then, in 371 b.c. the city-state of Thebesoverthrew the Spartan empire. The Greeks were so busyfighting each other that they failed to notice the growth ofthe powerful Macedonians to the north.

January 24, 2017NO BELL WORK

January 25, 2017NO BELL WORK

January 26, 2017The Greeks all believed in the same gods, goddesses, andmyths. The 12 most important gods lived on MountOlympus. Zeus was the chief god, and each Greek city-statehad a god or goddess as its protector.• To find out the future, Greeks visited sacred shrines where apriest or priestess, called an oracle, offered prophecies.

January 27, 2017• The poet Homer composed epics, which are poems aboutbrave heroes.• Aesop’s fables feature animals as the main characters andteach a lesson.• The first dramas were written in the fifth century b.c. byAeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes.• Works of Greek art and architecture expressed ideals ofmoderation, balance, and harmony. This is known asclassical style.

NAME  DATE  CLASS Greek CivilizationChapter Summary• The Greeks all believed in the same gods, goddesses, andmyths. The 12 most important gods lived on MountOlympus. Zeus was the chief god, and each Greek city-statehad a god or goddess as its protector.• To find out the future, Greeks visited sacred shrines where apriest or priestess, called an oracle, offered prophecies.• The poet Homer composed epics, which are poems aboutbrave heroes.• Aesop’s fables feature animals as the main characters andteach a lesson.January 30, 2016• The first dramas were written in the fifth century b.c. byAeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes.• Works of Greek art and architecture expressed ideals ofmoderation, balance, and harmony. This is known asclassical style.January 31, 2017• In ancient Greece, philosophers developed a new body ofknowledge called philosophy. The Sophists rejected the ideaof absolute right or wrong.• Socrates developed a way of teaching through askingquestions, referred to as the Socratic method, andencouraged students to think for themselves. He was accusedof corrupting the youth by encouraging them to rebel. He wassentenced to death and died by drinking poison.February 1, 2017• Plato, Socrates’ most famous student, distrusted democracyand believed in rule by philosopher kings. He started aschool called the Academy.• Aristotle followed in Plato’s footsteps and wrote more than200 works on science, biology, astronomy, government, andpolitics. His ideas influenced the way Europeans and

Americans created their systems of government.February 2, 2017• Herodotus and Thucydides were two Greek historians.• Ancient Greek scientists included Thales, an astronomer,Pythagoras, a mathematician who developed thePythagorean theorem, and Hippocrates, the father ofmedicine. Hippocrates wrote a list of rules for doctorsto follow, known today as the Hippocratic Oath.

February 3, 2017• King Philip II of Macedonia, a small kingdom north ofGreece, created a strong army. He planned to unite theGreek city-states and destroy the Persian Empire. Heconquered most of Greece by 338 b.c.February 6, 2017• Before Philip could carry out his plans, he was killed. His sonAlexander became king and commander of the military forces.Over the next 12 years, Alexander conquered the PersianEmpire and Egypt and went as far east as northwest India.

February 7, 2017• When his tired soldiers refused to go on, Alexander led themhome. They crossed a desert where heat and thirst killedthousands. Shortly after arriving home, Alexander died ofwounds and fever at age 32.• Alexander, known as Alexander the Great, extended Greekrule. He also spread Greek language and culture throughoutsouthwest Asia and Egypt.February 8, 2017• Alexander’s achievements marked the beginning of theHellenistic Era. During this period of time, Greek, orHellenistic, culture spread to all his conquered lands.• After Alexander’s death, his generals fought. They dividedhis empire into four kingdoms: Macedonia, Pergamum,Egypt, and the Seleucid Empire.February 9, 2017

• The Hellenistic kings built new cities. They brought Greekartists, engineers, artisans, writers, and architects to thesenew cities.• The Hellenistic kings built new cities and remodeled oldcities. They modeled their cities after Athens and otherGreek cultural centers.February 10, 2017• Two Hellenistic writers were Appolonius, who wrote the epicpoem Argonautica, and Theocritus, who wrote nature poems.• Greek New Comedy developed in Athens, which remainedthe center of Greek theater. The playwright Menanderserved as its most important poet.• Epicurus founded a way of life that emphasized happinessand pleasure. This is called Epicureanism. Zeno foundedStoicism, which promoted reason over emotion.February 13• Aristarchus discovered that Earth circled the sun.Eratosthenes concluded that Earth was round and measuredits circumference.• In mathematics, Euclid wrote Elements, which describesplane geometry. The most famous Hellenistic scientist wasArchimedes. He worked on solid geometry, discovered pi,and invented machinery and weapons.• The four Hellenistic kingdoms could not work together.Meanwhile, the city-state of Rome grew into a major power.Gradually, Rome took control of Greece.

February 14, 2017NO BELL WORKFebruary 15, 2017NO BELL WORK

February 16, 2017• People in China first settled along the Huang He, or YellowRiver. The Huang He provided early China with rich soil, butit also often flooded and has cost millions of lives.• The Chang Jiang, or Yangtze, is another river in China andthe longest river in Asia. Early farmers grew rice along itsshores.

February 17, 2017• Mountains and deserts cover much of China. The mountainsand deserts limited contact between China and othercivilizations.• China’s first dynasty was the Shang. Shang kings ruledChina from 1750 b.c. to 1045 b.c. The Shang king was thepolitical, religious, and military leader.

February 20, 2017• Warlords, who ruled territories, and other royal officialsformed an upper class of aristocrats. Most Shang people,however, were farmers.• The Shang worshiped many gods. They honored theirancestors and used oracle bones to seek guidance.

February 21, 2017• Early Chinese writing used pictographs and ideographs.Chinese artists of the time made beautiful objects of bronze.They made vases and dishes from clay and carved statuesfrom ivory and jade.• The Zhou dynasty followed the Shang. The Zhou ruled formore than 800 years. Zhou kings had strong armies andsoon ruled over a larger territory than the Shang.

February 22, 2017• Zhou kings claimed that the Mandate of Heaven gave themthe right to rule China. The Mandate of Heaven is the beliefthat the Chinese king’s right to rule comes from the gods.

• The period from 400 b.c. to 200 b.c. is known as the “Periodof the Warring States.” During this time, aristocrats ignoredthe king’s commands and fought with each other.

February 23, 2017• Between 500 b.c. and 200 b.c., three major philosophiesdeveloped in China: Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism.• Confucius urged people to follow the ways of theirancestors. He believed people should place the needs ofothers above their own needs.

February 24, 2017• Laozi introduced Daoism. Daoism instructs people to freethemselves from worldly desires and live simply. One aim ofDaoism is for people to live in harmony with nature.• Legalism stressed the importance of laws. Aristocratssupported Legalism because it emphasized force and did notrequire rulers to consider the needs or wishes of their people.

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@February 27, 2017• Early Chinese society was made up of four social classes:aristocrats, farmers, artisans, and merchants.• Chinese aristocrats were wealthy. They lived comfortablyand owned large plots of land.• Most Chinese people were farmers who rented fields fromaristocrats. Farmers had to pay taxes and work one month ayear on government projects. In wartime, they were forcedto serve as soldiers.February 28• Chinese families practiced filial piety. This means thatchildren obeyed and respected their parents and took careof them when they got old. The work done by Chinesemen—farming, fighting wars, and running the government—was considered more important than the work done bywomen. Women’s major responsibility was raising childrenand seeing to their education. Women also managed

household affairs and family finances.

March 1, 2017• The Qin dynasty came to power in 221 b.c. Qin Shihuangdi,the founder of the Qin dynasty, ruled China with absolutepower and harsh punishments.• Shihuangdi Qin sought to unify the country. To accomplishthis, he established a currency that everyone had to use. Heundertook huge building projects, including a canal thatconnected central and southern China.

March 2 2017• Qin planned to join and strengthen walls built by earlierrulers to create a barrier across all of northern China tokeep out invaders.• The Qin dynasty ended in 206 b.c.• In 202 b.c. the Han dynasty came to power. The first strongHan ruler was Han Wudi. In an effort to improve thegovernment, he instituted an examination system for civilservice workers.• China’s population grew during the Han dynasty. Newtechnology helped farmers grow more food. During thistime, the arts flourished and the ideas of Confucius gainedinfluence.• During the Han dynasty, trade expanded. The Silk Roadlinked China with its western trading partners. Buddhismalso made its way to China along the Silk Road.• Many of the emperors who followed Han Wudi were weakand dishonest. People eventually rebelled against the Hanrulers. By a.d. 220, civil war divided China.