Correlations between clinical and microscopic features of premalignant
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Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences Silliman University
Dumaguete City, Philippines Silliman University Vision
Silliman University’s Mission Statement
Silliman’s Vision:
It is Silliman University’s vision to be a leading Christian educational institution committed to total human development for the well-being of society and development.
Silliman’s Mission:
In this regard, the University will
1. Infuse into the academic learning the Christian faith anchored on the gospel of Jesus Christ; provide an environment where Christian fellowship and relationship can be nurtured and promoted.
2. Provide opportunities for growth and excellence in every dimension of university life in order to strengthen character, competence and faith. 3. Instill in all members of the university community an enlightened social consciousness and a deep sense of justice and compassion. 4. Promote unity among people and contribute to national development.
ICLS Mission Statement
ICLS Vision:
It is the department’s vision to be the leading institution in the Philippines in producing Christian men and women who exercise the Medical Technology profession with skill, knowledge, and with a personal commitment to Godly living.
ICLS Mission:
1. Provide holistic education in a Christian context.
2. Pursue with determination the standards of faith, instruction, research and extension.
3. Produce graduates with abilities to work in collaboration with other members of the health team in any setting.
4. Produce competent graduates who are locally relevant and globally comparable
5. Produce competent Medical Technology graduate who possess Christian values with commitment to serve the community and uphold the integrity of our environment.
COURSE PLAN for MT 48
(Clinical Laboratory Management)
School Year 2017-2018
Course Title: Clinical Laboratory Management
Course Description:
This course deals with the study of basic concepts of management as applies in administrative aspects of laboratory operations. Specifically, it deals with planning, organizing, leading/directing, controlling/evaluating the human, physical and financial resources of the clinical laboratory. Emphasis is also given on quality systems and safety.
Course Credit: 2 units lecture
Contact Hours: 2 hours lecture per week (36 hours per semester)
Prerequisite: Introduction to Medical Technology with STS
Placement: Third Year, 2nd Semester
Terminal Competencies:
At the end of this course, the student is able to:
1. Explain the different management functions as applied in the clinical laboratory 2. Acquire basic knowledge on laboratory structure, operation and management 3. Prepare and critique: organizational chart; job description; procedure and policy manual; general physical plan and layout 4. Develop professional and ethical qualities required of medical technologists 5. Be updated with the current trends of globally competitive laboratory set-up enhanced with technological advancements
References:
1. Daft, Richard L. Management 5 th ed . Philippines: Thomson Learning, 2002 2. Friedberg, Richard and Ronald Weiss. Laboratory Management, An Issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 2007. 3. Harmening, Denise M. Laboratory Management: Principles and Processes 2 nd ed . USA: F.A. Davis Co., 2006 4. Hibbert, Brynn. Quality Assurance in the Analytical Laboratory. USA: Oxford University Press, 2007. 5. Hudson, Jane. Principles of Clinical Laboratory Management: A Study Guide and Workbook. USA: Prentice Hall, 2003 6. Lewandrowski, Kent. Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Management and Clinical Correlations. USA: Lipincott Williams and Wilkins, 2002. 7. Mcpherson, Richard A. and Matthew R. Pincus. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods 21 st ed . Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc., 2007. 8. Paszko, Christine and Elizabeth Turner. Laboratory Information Management Systems (Revised and Expanded) 2 nd ed . USA: CRC 2001. 9. Prichard, Elizabeth and Victoria Barwick. Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemisty. USA: Wiley-Interscience, 2007. 10. Synder, John and D.S. Wilkinson. Management in Laboratory Medicine 3 rd ed . USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 1988. 11. Varnadoe, Lionel A., Medical Laboratory Management and Supervision: Operations, Review and Study Guide, Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc., 1996. 12. Weihrich, Heinz and Koontz, Harold. Management: A Global Perspective 11 th ed . Philippines:Mc-Graw Hill, 2005.
Electronic References:
1. http://members .tripod.com/-LouCaru/index-5.html#LabManag2. http://cma.org/3. http://www.westgard.com/4. http://extension.osu.edu/-mgtexcel/Function.html5. http://www.comp.glam.ac.uk/teaching/ismanagement/manstyles1f.htm
Learning Objectives/Intermediate Competencies
Content T.A. Teaching Strategies Skills Values Evaluation/Assessment
Lecture Laboratory
At the end of the unit, the student is able to:
1. Define terms2. Explain the basic
functions of management
3. Differentiate the four schools of management philosophies.
4. Discuss appropriate strategies in dealing with problems encountered in laboratory operations
5. Develop skills necessary for an effective laboratory manager
I. Introduction to Management1. Concepts of management
1.1 Definition1.2 Functions1.3 Major Theories
1.3.1 Scientific1.3.2 Bureaucratic1.3.3 Organizational Behavior1.3.4 Systems analysis
2. Laboratory Manager2.1 Attributes2.2 Roles2.3 Management Skills
2.3.1 Technical2.3.2 Human Relation2.3.3 Conceptual
2.4 Management Levels2.4.1 First Line2.4.2 Middle2.4.3 Top Managers
3 hrsLectureDiscussionCore GroupActivityInteractiveFocus groupDiscussionsCase StudyInterview with key person with echo classroom discussionRole Playing
Conceptual Skills
Critical Thinking
Interpersonal skills
Public Speaking
Appreciation of the importance of basic laboratory operations
Role modeling
QuizzesClass ParticipationGraded Recitation
At the end of the unit, the students is able to:
1. Define terms2. Discuss the
types and steps of planning
II. Management Planning1. Concept of Planning
1.1 Hierarchy of Plans1.2 Planning Process
1.2.1 Types (Strategic/Tactical,etc.)
3 hours Lecture Discussion
Core Group Activity
Conceptual Skills
CriticalThinking
Appreciation of good planning system
Quizzes
Class Participation
3. Apply the concepts of planning in a clinical laboratory setting
4. Apply the MBO program in the local setting
1.2.2 General steps1.2.3 Essential factors in
laboratory planning1.2.4 Effects of good and bad
planning2. Overview of Management by
Objectives (MBO)2.1 Introduction2.2 Implementation of MBO
Program
Interactive Focus Group discussions
Student-centered discussion
Problem-based learning
Interpersonal skills
Public speaking
CooperationGraded Recitation
At the of the unit, the student is able to:
1. Describe the characteritics of an organizational system
2. Differentiate the two major types of organizational chart
3. Explain the process of work analysis and job design
4. Learn the standard protocol in pooling of qualified staff and laboratory
III. Organizing and Staffing the Laboratory
1. Overview of Organizational System1.1 Characteristics1.2 Concepts1.3 Structure and Functions1.4 Organization Chart
2. Concepts of Authority2.1 Types2.2 Delegation
3. Principles of Organizational Structure and authority3.1 Departmentalization3.2 Decentralization3.3 Unity of Command3.4 Scalar Principle3.5 Span of Control3.6 Exception Principle
4. Staffing and Scheduling4.1 Job Design4.2 Job Specification
3 hours Lecture Discussion
Interactive Focus group discussions
Case StudyInterview with key person with echo classroom discussion
Library research
Conceptual Skills
Critical Thinking
Interpersonal skills
Public speaking
Appreciate the importance of basic knowledge in understanding laboratory organization
Develop professionalism in establishing rapport among peers
Quizzes
Class participation
Graded recitation
personnel5. Create a
strategy in proper scheduling of work load to appropriate personnel
4.3 Scheduling
At the end of the unit, the student is able to:
1. Discuss proper laboratory supervision
2. Describe leadership within the context of the management functions
IV. Directing and Supervising the Laboratory
1. Overview of Directing Process2. Major Leadership Systems3. Principles of Leadership
3.1 Personal Traits of Leaders3.2 Leadership behavior
3.2.1 Managerial Grid3.2.2 Pygmalion Effect
3.3 Situational Leadership models3.3.1 Contingency Model3.3.2 Continuum of
Leadership3.3.3 Normative Theory
3 hours Lecture Discussion
Core Group Activity
Interactive Focus group discussions
Role playing
Conceptual Skills
Critical Thinking
Interpersonal skills
Public speaking
Appreciate the importance of basic knowledge in understanding leadership qualities as applied in laboratory
Set a good example as a leader in a task based activity
Quizzes
Class participation
Graded recitation
At the end of the unit, the student is able to:
1. Discuss the importance of controlling
2. Explain the types and steps in controlling
3. Describe
V. Controlling1. Overview of Controlling Process2. Types of Control3. Steps in Controlling4. Determination of Standards5. Measurement of Performance
2 hours Lecture Discussion
Core Group Activity
Interactive Focus Group discussions
Conceptual Skills
Critical Thinking
Interpersonal Skills
Public speaking
Appreciate the significance of control steps for the achievement of pre-set goals
Establish the principle of “goal-orientedness” within oneself
Quizzes
Class participation
Graded recitation
controlling within the context
Reporting
At the end o the unit, the student is able to:
1. Develop proper communication skills and work ethics
2. Correlate efficient work flow and laboratory operations through organized communication system
3. Identify the basic contents of policy and procedure manuals
4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of computerization
5. Recognize the features of laboratory
VI. Information Management1. Communication Process
1.1 Types2. Barriers to Communication
2.1 Structural2.2 Semantics2.3 Technical2.4 People2.5 Outcome
3. Ways to improve communication process
4. Laboratory Protocol4.1 Requisitioning4.2 Reporting4.3 Record keeping
5. Communication Cycle in Laboratory Operation
6. Policy and Procedure Manuals6.1 Overview6.2 Objectives6.3 Types6.4 Format
7. Laboratory Information System (LIS)7.1 Components7.2 Computer Networks
3 hours Lecture Discussion
Core Group Activity
Interactive Focus group discussions
Case Study
Conceptual Skills
Critical Thinking
Interpersonal Skills
Appreciate the necessity of effective communication process
Appreciate the values inherent of a good communicator and listener
Quizzes
Class participation
Graded Recitation
information system
At the end of the unit, the student is able to:
1. Acquire basic knowledge on human resource management
2. Relate motivational theories to workplace situations in the clinical laboratory
3. Explain the nature of effective work group interaction
4. Discuss the ideal flow of employment procedure
VII. Personnel Management1. Overview of Human Resource
Management1.1 Personnel Program1.2 Personnel Policy1.3 Sources of Labor
2. Theories of Motivation3. Management of Work Groups4. Personnel Selection Process
4.1 Needs Assessment4.2 Recruitment4.3 Selection4.4 Employment4.5 Orientation4.6 Human Resource administration
and supervision4.7 Appraisal of Job Performance4.8 Corrective action and employee
discipline4.9 Separation and employment
termination
3 hours Lecture Discussion
Core Group Activity
Role Playing
Conceptual Skills
Critical Thinking
Interpersonal Skills
Public speaking
Develop the principle of fairness and equality
Appreciate the professional values inherent of a laboratory manager
Quizzes
Class participation
Graded Recitation
At the end of the unit, the student is able to:
1. Explain the process of material management and inventory
VIII. Material Management1. Product Research and
Product Specification1.1 Acquisition of new
equipment1.2 Choice of Proper
instrument
3 hours Lecture Discussion
Core Group Activity
Conceptual Skills
Critical Thinking
Interpersonal Skills
Appreciate the principle of “High Profit with Minimal Loss”
Develop the value of being “economically
Quizzes
Class participation
Graded recitation
control2. Perform simple
calculations involving supply ordering, inventory control and budget projection
1.3 Purchase and Installation of Instruments
1.4 Maintenance and Repair
2. Supply Ordering Process2.1 Purchase Order2.2 Traveling requisition2.3 Standing orders
3. Inventory Management3.1 Inventory level check3.2 Stock replenishment
techniques3.3 Financial control of
inventory4. Projection of Budget
Supply Cost
wise”
At the end of the unit, the student is able to:
1. Define the concept of quality from a laboratory perspective
2. Perform analytical measures to identify weaknesses in laboratory operations
3. Describe a quality management
IX. Quality Assurance1. Background on Concepts
of Quality1.1 Historical Perspective1.2 Types of Quality
Control1.2.1 Internal1.2.2 External
2. Laboratory practices on Quality Control2.1 Control of Test2.2 Control of Specimen2.3 Control of Reagents
and Supplies2.4 Control of Equipment2.5 Control of Staff
3. Non-analytical Quality
3 hours Lecture Discussion
Core Group Activity
Focus Group discussionsCase Study
Interview with key person with echo classroom
Conceptual skills
Critical Thinking
Interpersonal skills
Public speaking
Appreciate the importance of quality assurance in laboratory operationsInstill the value of dedication and honesty in every assigned task
Quizzes
Class participation
Graded recitation
program for a clinical laboratory
4. Prepare a sample of a quality plan for the clinical laboratory
5. Explain the standard protocol in proficiency testing
Control Functions4. Quality Monitoring and
Assessment Tools5. Management of Quality
5.1 Philosophy of Quality5.2 Operational Systems5.3 Quality Management
Programs6. Proficiency Testing
discussion
At the end of the unit, the student is able to:1. Discuss hazards in
the clinical laboratory and methods of prevention
2. Acquire basic knowledge on safety management as applied in the laboratory workplace
X. Safety Management1. Laboratory Safety
Programs1.1 Chemicals1.2 Biological Materials1.3 Fire Prevention
2. Hazards in the Laboratory3. Protective Methods and
Procedures3.1 Universal Precaution3.2 Engineering and Work
Practice Control3.3 Personal Protective
Equipment3.4 Housekeeping
Techniques3.5 Waste Disposal
System
3 hours Lecture Discussion
Core Group Activity
Interactive Focus group discussionsCase Study
Interview with key person with echo classroom
Conceptual Skills
Critical Thinking
Interpersonal Skills
Public speaking
Appreciate the necessity of understanding laboratory safety
Acquire the value of “peer care”
Appreciate the value of service orientedness despite of the inherent work-related risk
Quizzes
Class participation
Graded recitation
4. Safety Equipment in the Laboratory
5. Safety Codes6. Safety Management
Program6.1 Safety Committee6.2 Safety Management
Program
discussion
At the end of the unit, the student is able to:
1. Identify components and requirement for budget preparation
2. Prepare a basic budget for the clinical laboratory
XI. Financial Management
1. Laboratory Budgeting Process1.1 Operational Budget1.2 Capital Budget
2. Cost Finding3. Job Costing
3 hours Lecture Discussion
Core Group Activity
Interactive Focus Group disucssions
Case Study
Conceptual Skills
Critical Thinking
Interpersonal Skills
Appreciate the values inherent of a professional accountant
Instill the values of honesty and dependability on mathematical analysis of task assigned activity
Quizzes
Class participation
Graded recitation
At the end of the unit, the student is able to:
1. Acquire basic skills in marketing
2. Prepare a marketing plan for the clinical laboratory
3. Explain the rationale of marketing principles
XII. Principles of Marketing1. Laboratory-
Customer Relationship
2. Marketing Philosophy
3. Market Environment for Clinical Laboratory Service
4. Laboratory Customer
2 hours Lecture Discussion
Core Group Activity
Interactive Focus Group Discussions
Role
Conceptual Skills
Critical Thinking
Interpersonal Skills
Public Speaking
Appreciate marketing skills as edge quality to an existing competitive laboratory service
Quizzes
Class Participation
Graded Recitation
relative to competition that exist among laboratories
5. Four P’s of Marketing5.1 Product5.2 Price5.3 Place5.4 Promotion
6. Marketing Plan6.1 Market
Research6.2 Market
Proposal
Playing
At the end of the unit, the student is able to:
1. Differentiate types of laboratories based on operations and technological advancements
2. Elaborate certain issues arising from adapting new trends in laboratory management
XIII. Current Trends in Laboratory Management
1. Overview on Management of Change
2. Introduction to New operational Strategies
3. Advancements in Technology3.1 Local Setting3.2 Global Setting
4. Laboratory Operations4.1 Government-owned
laboratory4.2 Privately-owned
laboratory
2 hours Lecture Discussion
Core Group Activity
Interactive Focus Group Discussions
Conceptual Skills
Critical Thinking
Interpersonal Skills
Appreciate the value of global competitiveness in line with improved laboratory operations
Quizzes
Class Participation
Graded Recitation
STUDENT EVALUATION PARAMETERS:
Quizzes/Group Presentations: 20%
Chapter Tests: 35%
Mid-Term and Final Exam: 30%
Projects/Assignments: 15%
Student Decorum for BS Medical Technology Student
The following are expected of a BSMT student:
1. Wear the prescribed uniform properly during classes (except during the allotted wash day). This shall consist of
a. Prescribed white gala uniform
b. Low-heeled, closed, black leather shoes
2. Students are encouraged to wear appropriate school attire during wash days.
3. Students are encouraged to respect academic and intellectual property.
4. Students must use social networking facilities for any academic-related activities in a manner that will show respect and dignity to ICLS, Silliman University and all its constituents.
5. Students are not allowed to demonstrate intimate display of affection in public.
6. Students must not litter in corridors so as not to disturb on-going classes.
7. Students must use appropriate garbage receptacles in disposing waste materials.
8. Respect for the superiors, teachers, office staff, fellow-learners and school property must be observed at all times.
9. Honesty and integrity must be exercised in all areas of the student’s life. Any form of dishonesty and misbehavior will be dealt with in accordance with the approved university student handbook.
CLASSROOM DECORUM
1. Mobile phones and other electronic devices must be kept and placed in silent mode during classes and examinations. Use of mobile phone is only allowed upon permission during emergency cases.
2. No student is allowed to leave the classroom or laboratory room without permission from the teacher.
3. To protect the health of the student, eating and applying of cosmetics is not allowed in the laboratory room.
4. Smoking is not allowed within the classroom or anywhere near the school premises.
5. Use of classroom facilities outside class hours are allowed only with permission from the teacher of the course and the Director.
EXAMINATION RULES
1. Only blue or black point pens are allowed during the test. No pencils are allowed to be carried and used during the examination period.
2. Students belongings must be placed on the designated areas during a test.
3. Mobile phones must be placed on silent mode and must be kept by the student.
4. Students must come on time and must pass the test papers on time.
5. Students caught cheating in any exam is given an automatic grade of “zero” for that particular test. Any student caught cheating during term exams is given a final grade of “F” for that subject.
RULES FOR MISSED EXAMS AND CLASS ACTIVITES
1. There shall be no make-up for missed quizzes. For excused absences, a special quiz shall be given.
2. Make-up for missed chapter or term exams or class activities only given for those with excused absences.
3. Excuse letters must be submitted directly to the teacher immediately upon return to class. The letter must be duly noted by their parents/legal guardian/and the university physician when necessary.
4. Excuse letters must be submitted to the teacher immediately when the student reports back to class. Failure to do so invalidates any make-up activity.
Prepared by:
Reuben J C. Los Baños, RMT, MA