Lakewood High School / Honors Biology / S. Talle Honors Bio: Life’s Macromolecules (CARBOHYDRATES) (adapted from Fidell/Scott Chem 504)

Information Section 1: P R E A S S E S S M E N T B R A I N S T O R M

1. What does your body use carbohydrates for?

2. Name three foods that are very high in carbohydrates per gram.

3. Come up with at least TWO reasons why your body needs fats.

4. Name three types of foods that are high in fats per gram.

5. Why does your body need protein?

6. Identify at least THREE functions proteins may serve in your body.

7. What are three types of foods that are high in protein per gram?

8. Look at Figure 1, how many bonds can carbon form? _________

9. Using your prior knowledge, define the following prefixes AND include a word you know that uses it:a) mono-b) di-c) poly- d) macro-

10. Look at Figure 2. Which letters would you label as “MONO” and which would be

labeled “POLY”?

Information Section 2: S M A L L C A R B O H Y D R A T E S (S I M P L E S U G A R S= BUILDING BLOCKS)

11. Use Figure 3 to fill in the table about various carbohydrates:

Type of Sugar Which Elements are Present?

Molecular Formula

(count each element!)

Glucose

Fructose C, H, O C6H12O6

Sucrose (table sugar)

Lakewood High School / Honors Biology / S. Talle

12. What ending (suffix) indicates that a molecule is a sugar?

13. Sucrose is a DI-saccharide. Looking at the structure, write a definition of what a “disaccharide” is.

14. Glucose and fructose are “isomers” of each other. Based on their molecular formula and structure, what is a good definition of “isomer”?

15. Go back to Figure 2. If a plain silver small paperclip is “glucose”, what would be a good representation of “fructose”?

16. Using the same paperclip analogy, how would you construct “sucrose”?

Information Section 3: C O M P L E X C A R B O H Y D R A T E S

17. Look at Figure 4. What is the relationship between starch and glucose?

18. What types of food are high in starch?

19. Why do plants make starch? What purpose does it serve for plants?

Starch is not the only type of complex carbohydrate out there. Observe Figure 5 for more types.

20. Using Figure 5, identify at least THREE differences between starch, glycogen, and fiber.

21. Read the following excerpt from Biology, and use it to fill out the table about complex carbohydrates

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 4.Figure 4.

Figure 5.Figure 5.

Polysaccharide Type (Complex

Carb)

Found in? Function? Structure? (redraw small section from

above!)

starch (amylose)

glycogen

fiber (cellulose)