NAME: ____________________________ DATE: ___________ BAND:_____U.2. LESSON 13 AIM: How did different Enlightenment thinkers impact the politics of Western Europe?DO NOW: Read the quote below and paraphrase what you think it means:“Judge of a man by his questions rather than by his answers.”

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___________________________________________________________________________How does the quote represent the thinking of the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution?

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___________________________________________________________________________Directions: Read about the different philosophers. Annotate by:-Underline key ideas and theories + Circle words you don’t understand-* for agreements and write why-? For question marks and write your question-Paraphrase what the “Thinker” believes your government should do

CANDIDE - 1762 - VOLTAIRE

“I do not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it.”

It is forbidden to kill; therefore all murderers are punished unless they kill in large numbers and to the sound of

trumpets.

"Work keeps at bay three great evils: boredom, vice, and need."

Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do.

What would Voltaire Recommend for your Desert Island Government?

I think your government should _________________________________________

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NAME: ____________________________ DATE: ___________ BAND:_____U.2. LESSON 13 AIM: How did different Enlightenment thinkers impact the politics of Western Europe?

TWO TREATSIES OF GOVERNMENT - 1690 - John Locke

If man in the state of nature is free, if he is absolute lord of his own person and possessions [things that he owns], why

will he give up his freedom? The obvious answer is that rights in the state of nature are

constantly exposed to the attack of others. Since every man is equal and since most men do

not concern themselves with equity and justice, the enjoyment of rights in the state of nature

is unsafe and insecure. Hence each man joins in society with others to preserve his life,

liberty, and property.

...as far as we have any light from history, we have reason to conclude, that all peaceful beginnings of government have

been laid in the consent of the people.

[When] the legislature shall . . . grasp [for] themselves, or put into the hands of any other, an absolute power over their

lives, liberties, and estates of the people, . . . they forfeit [give up] the power the people had put into their hands for

and it [passes] to the people, who have a right to resume their original liberty. . . .

What would John Locke Recommend for your Desert Island Government?

I think your government should _________________________________________

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NAME: ____________________________ DATE: ___________ BAND:_____U.2. LESSON 13 AIM: How did different Enlightenment thinkers impact the politics of Western Europe?

THE SPIRIT OF LAWS - 1748 - BARON DE MONTESQUIEUPolitical liberty is to be found only in moderate governments; and even in these it is not

always found. It is there only when there is no abuse of power: but constant experience

shows us that every man invested with power is apt to abuse it, and to carry his authority as

far as it will go. To prevent this abuse, it is necessary, from the very nature of things, that

power should be a check to power...In order to have this liberty, it is requisite [required] the

government be so constituted [created] as one man need not be afraid of another. When the

legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of

magistrates [government employees], there can be no liberty. . . . Again, there is no liberty if the judiciary power be not

separated from the legislative and executive…

What would Baron de Montesquieu Recommend for your Desert Island Government?

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Social_contract_rousseau_page.jpg

NAME: ____________________________ DATE: ___________ BAND:_____U.2. LESSON 13 AIM: How did different Enlightenment thinkers impact the politics of Western Europe?

THE SOCIAL CONTRACT - 1762 - JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

I...regard the establishment of the political body as a real contract between the people and the

chiefs chosen by them: a contract by which both parties bind themselves to observe the laws

therein expressed, which form the ties of their union.

From whatever side we approach our principle, we reach the same conclusion, that the social compact [contract] sets up

among the citizens an equality of such a kind, that they all bind themselves to observe the same conditions and should

therefore all enjoy the same rights.

What would Rousseau Recommend for your Desert Island Government?

I think your government should _________________________________________

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NAME: ____________________________ DATE: ___________ BAND:_____U.2. LESSON 13 AIM: How did different Enlightenment thinkers impact the politics of Western Europe?

Directions: Use the information from previous activities in class to fill in the graphic organizer below.

Enlightenment Thinker

Mnemonica helpful way to remember something

Most Well-Known Ideas How might these ideas affect a country under absolute rule?

John Locke (1632-1704)

Locke: Life, Liberty, and

Land (Property)

Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) Mont-es-

quieuThree

Syllables! Three

Branches of Government!

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-

1778) RousseauHis name has two s’s in it. His big idea

starts with an s, Social Contract.

Voltaire (1694-1778)

VoltaireHis name

starts with a “v” just like

the word VOICE and

Voltaire supported the

freedom of expression.

NAME: ____________________________ DATE: ___________ BAND:_____U.2. LESSON 13 AIM: How did different Enlightenment thinkers impact the politics of Western Europe?

On the constitution below, write down five features of your new government and for each features identify which Enlightenment philosopher inspired the idea.

A constitution is a document that details the parts of a government and how they work.

The Constitution of Desert IslandiaFeature of the GovernmentPhilosopher who Inspired it1. _________________________________________2. _________________________________________3. _________________________________________4. _________________________________________5._________________________________________

The Constitution of Desert IslandiaFeature of the GovernmentPhilosopher who Inspired it1. _________________________________________2. _________________________________________3. _________________________________________4. _________________________________________5._________________________________________

The Constitution of Desert IslandiaFeature of the GovernmentPhilosopher who Inspired it1. _________________________________________2. _________________________________________3. _________________________________________4. _________________________________________5._________________________________________

The Constitution of Desert IslandiaFeature of the GovernmentPhilosopher who Inspired it1. _________________________________________2. _________________________________________3. _________________________________________4. _________________________________________5._________________________________________

The Constitution of Desert IslandiaFeature of the GovernmentPhilosopher who Inspired it1. _________________________________________2. _________________________________________3. _________________________________________4. _________________________________________5._________________________________________

The Constitution of Desert IslandiaFeature of the GovernmentPhilosopher who Inspired it1. _________________________________________2. _________________________________________3. _________________________________________4. _________________________________________5._________________________________________

The Constitution of Desert IslandiaFeature of the GovernmentPhilosopher who Inspired it1. _________________________________________2. _________________________________________3. _________________________________________4. _________________________________________5._________________________________________

NAME: ____________________________ DATE: ___________ BAND:_____U.2. LESSON 13 AIM: How did different Enlightenment thinkers impact the politics of Western Europe?

Regents Multiple Choice - Check For Understanding1. Which period of history had the greatest influence on the Enlightenment ideas of natural law and reason?

(1) Pax Romana(2) Middle Ages(3) Age of Exploration(4) Scientific Revolution

2. In Two Treatises of Government, John Locke wrote that the purpose of government was to

(1) keep kings in power(2) regulate the economy(3) expand territory(4) protect natural rights

3. One contribution that John Locke made to Enlightenment philosophy was the idea that

(1) absolute monarchies should continue(2) the punishment should fit the crime(3) individual rights should be denied(4) governments should be based on the consent of the people

4. Which statement expresses an idea of the Enlightenment?

(1) The king is sacred and answers only to God.(2) History is a continuous struggle between social

classes.(3) Those who are the most fit will survive and

succeed.(4) All individuals have natural rights.

5. Baron de Montesquieu believed that a separation of powers would

(1) prevent tyranny by acting as a check on power

(2) restore authority to the Roman Catholic Church

(3) increase corruption of political authority(4) decrease the power of the middle class

Base your answer to question 6 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

… Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor.…

—Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws

6. In this passage, Montesquieu is making reference to(1) an enlightened despotism(2) a policy of mercantilism(3) a separation of powers(4) a social contract