Monday October 26th: Day 1

YWBAT: Differentiate between dependent and independent clauses. Identify simple, compound and complex sentences. Correctly punctuate sentences that contain conjunctions (but,

and), adverbial subordinators (because, although, since) or conjunctive adverbials (consequently, however, etc…).

Avoid run-on sentences and fragments (Grammar for S.A.T. Error #1).

Do now:

Take out any class work #7 assignments (The Raven) that were not handed in on Friday.

Look over the handout entitled: “GRAMMAR AND STYLE USAGE RULES” (Grammar Section)

Then, complete the ‘Do Now’ portion of the handout (Grammar Section).

Homework: Study grammar! Also, continue to study vocabulary and to read The Color of Water.

I don’t do homework, but I am passing.

Because I don’t do homework, I am failing.

I am failing because I don’t do homework.

I don’t do homework. However, I am passing.

I don’t do homework; however, I am passing.

I don’t do homework. I am passing, however.

I don’t do homework. I am, however, passing.

Name and Date: _______________________This goes in the GRAMMAR section of your binder

Common S.A. T. /A.C.T. Errors (Punctuation Problems)

DO NOW:

Error Identification

1. “How are you doing today?” asked Mr. Miller. A

“I’m doing well for the most part, however, I am B C

a little tired,” answered Jonathan. No error. D E

Sentence Improvement

1. Many students work after school and on weekends, consequently they do not have much time for doing their homework.

(A) weekends, consequently they do not have(B) weekends, they do not have(C) weekends, as a consequence they do not have(D) weekends, therefore they do not have(E) weekends; consequently, they do not have

Name: _______________________________ Ms. DeMella: English 2HDate: ________________________________ Punctuation Review: GRAMMATICAL ERROR 1

A CLAUSE is any group of words with a subject and a verb in it.

Independent clauses (or simple sentences) STAND ALONE. They express a complete thought.

Ex: He went to town. I threw the ball. Sarah is pretty.

Dependent clauses (or fragments) CANNOT STAND ALONE. They express an unfinished thought.

Ex: When we went to town… Because she is pretty… After I threw the ball… Unless she does her homework….

A PHRASE is two or more words that do not contain the subject – verb pairing necessary to form a clause. Phrases can be very short or quite long.

Ex: After lunch.

Ex: After slithering down the stairs and across the street towards Mrs. Philbot.

PRACTICE: Identify the following as phrases, independent clauses (simple sentences) or dependent clauses (fragments).

1. If you do your work _______________________________________2. In the sunny late autumn afternoon ___________________________3. I don’t believe you ________________________________________4. Although she is nice _______________________________________5. Because she did all of her work ______________________________

6. Underneath the sagging yellow couch ________________________7. The mood is nostalgic ______________________________________8. To hand in the paper before the deadline _______________________9. Doing all of my homework at once ____________________________10. I ate. ____________________________________________________

A COMPOUND SENTENCE contains TWO independent clauses connected by a little conjunction (coordinator).

PUNCTUATION RULE #1: When you make a compound sentence, use a comma + a little conjunction (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So = FANBOYS) to connect two independent clauses, as in "He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base."

Ex: I do my homework, and I am getting an A. Ex: I ate, and I slept.

Note that you DO NOT need a comma when you connect an independent clause to a word or phrase.

Ex: She is smart but silly.Ex: She ate and slept.

A COMPLEX SENTENCE contains an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses.

Ex: I slept after I ate.Ex: After I ate, I slept.

PUNCTUATION/USAGE RULE #2:

ADVERBIAL SUBORDINATORS turn independent clauses into dependent clauses. They appear in complex sentences.

They include:

After, although, as, because, if, once, since, unless, though, until, whereas, while, whenever, wherever, etc…

When these connectors fall in the middle of the sentence (an independent clause followed by a dependent clause), there is NO PUNCTUATION.

Ex: She passed the class although she did not do much of her homework. She got an A in the class because she did all of her homework well.

If they are at the beginning of a sentence that begins with a dependent clause followed by an independent clause, there is a COMMA between the two clauses.

Ex: Although she did not do much of her homework, she passed the class. Because she did all of her homework well, she got an A in the class.

An adverbial subordinator + one independent clause = a sentence fragment!!!!!! That means it is poor grammar. These types of errors are fairly common in the sentence improvement questions on the SAT.

Ex: She is very popular. Because she is nice. She will pass. Unless she fails the final exam.

PUNCTUATION/USAGE RULE #3:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBIALS are different.

These connectors make a complete thought. Together with ONE independent clause, they form a complete (simple) sentence. They are STRONGER than adverbial subordinators (Note: Someone who is subordinate is below someone else, in rank, power or position).

All of these are separated from the clause they accompany by a comma, except for ‘nevertheless’, which is special.

Here are some conjunctive adverbials (N.B. They’re good words to include in Regents and Advanced Placement essays!):

similarly, likewise, additionally, in addition, consequently, conversely, after all, for example, on the other hand, furthermore, in fact, in particular, in sum, in turn, moreover, nevertheless, etc…

Ex: I have broken up with my boyfriend. However, I have never been happier. She is rude. Moreover, she is lazy. He is always criticizing others. Consequently, he is unpopular. She apologized for her behavior. Nevertheless her parents grounded her. I have broken up with my boyfriend. I have never been happier, however.

NOTE: when using these, the PERIOD is often replaced by a SEMICOLON to emphasize the fact that the two independent clauses are LOGICALLY CONNECTED.

When these conjunctive adverbials fall in the MIDDLE of one independent clause, they are separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma on BOTH sides.

Ex: Yesterday was a tough day. I am, however, doing fine today. Thanks for asking about Michael. He is, in fact, needing some help.

PRACTICE: Correct any punctuation/capitalization errors in the following examples:

1. Tom never washed his hands consequently he caught the swine flu.

2. Although he was sick he came to school.

3. He felt very sick in his first period class however he chose not to go to the nurse.

4. The bully taunted him mercilessly so he punched him.

5. He made a futile attempt to cram for the S.A.T. on the night before the test but he earned a low score anyway.

6. Thanks for giving me time to think. I do after all have a lot more to say.

7. Maria will go to Yale. Whereas her sister will not.

8. It is cold and rainy today. But I really like it.

9. I got an A on the test, because I studied.

10. I think I am prepared nevertheless, I will study more.

Friday November 6th: Day 1

YWBAT:

Avoid errors in punctuation/sentence structure and adjective/adverb confusion.

Do Now: Take out your ‘Grammar for SAT (and

style/usage) Overview’ – It was given Monday October 26th, and should be in the “Grammar” section of your binder. This is a notebook check.

Complete the DO NOW portion of the handout you have been given.

Homework # 1: Complete the grammar work on adjective/adverb confusion. Due Monday.

Also, complete The Color of Water and work on your “Track a Character” Notes.

Name and Date: _______________________This goes in the GRAMMAR section of your binder

Common S.A. T. Errors (Error #1 and Error#2)

DO NOW:

EXAMPLES OF TWO TYPES OF GRAMMAR QUESTIONS ON THE ‘WRITING’ SECTION OF THE S.A.T:

Error Identification (Answer and Correct)

1. Although scientists know surprising little about Americans’ A

favorite stimulant, coffee, they do know that most people do B

not use it efficiently. No error. C D E

2. “How are you doing today?” asked Mr. Miller. A

“I’m doing good for the most part; however, I am B C

a little tired,” answered Jonathan. No error. D E

OVER …

Sentence Improvement (Answer)

1. Many students work after school and on weekends, consequently they do not have much time for doing their homework.

(A) weekends, consequently they do not have(B) weekends, they do not have(C) weekends, as a consequence they do not have(D) weekends, therefore they do not have(E) weekends; consequently, they do not have

Name and Date: _________________________ Mrs. DeMella Eng 2HGrammar: Adjectives vs. Adverbs (Parts of Speech)

REVIEW: Parts of Speech

NOUNS – NAME one of the following:

- Person (girl, boy, mom, principal, robber, Martin Luther King, priest, etc…)

- Place (school, India, bedroom, beach, church, Main Street, apartment )- Thing (desk, book, dog, pencil, August)- Idea (freedom, love, justice, happiness, creativity, imagination,

sadness)

Common or Proper??? Proper nouns name SPECIFIC THINGS and begin with capital letters (Miranda, New York, Peru, Saturn, Monday)

Count or non-count??? Count nouns can be made plural by adding an –s, or they have an irregular plural form (girls, mice, trees). Non-count nouns cannot be made plural (sand, rice, wind, rain, furniture)

VERBS – ACTION or STATE OF BEING WORDS

ACTION – hit, go, walk, write, jump, kiss, paint

STATE OF BEING/LINKING – ‘to be’ (is, am, are, was, were, be, been, being)

CAN BE EITHER ACTION OR STATE OF BEING– look, feel, smell

Smell my perfume. (action) - He smells bad (state-of-being)Feel this sweater. Isn’t it soft? (action) - I feel sick. (state-of-being)She looks out the window a lot. (action) - You look angry. (state-of-being)

Continued …ADJECTIVES – WORDS THAT DESCRIBE (modify) NOUNS. They usually answer the question: “What kind?

(nice, happy, beautiful, intelligent, colorful, tall, annoying)

These are used TWO ways:

Before a noun they describe:

The pretty girlThe unhappy young boy

After a form of the verb ‘TO BE’ or another State-of-Being Verb

She is pretty. She looks/feels pretty.He is young and unhappy. He feels young.

She seems nice.

ADVERBS – WORDS THAT DESCRIBE (modify) VERBS, ADJECTIVES, OR OTHER ADVERBS. They usually answer the question ‘How?’

They can:

Describe an ACTION verb (usually end in –ly):

He runs quickly.He speaks slowly.He looked at me rudely.

Describe an adjective:

She is very pretty.She is really intelligent.

Describe another adverb:

He runs very quickly.He writes very slowly.He speaks very nervously.

SOME WORDS CAN BE BOTH ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS depending on the context (how they are used)

He runs fast.

He is a fast guy.

Directions: Choose the correct form of the word (adjective or adverb). Then, underline the word that it modifies.

1. He walked ___________________________ (belligerent/belligerently) down the hall.2. She annoys me because she always talks so ___________________

(cynical/cynically). She never believes anyone is just being _________________________ (sincere/sincerely) nice.

3. He is always getting into trouble because he is so ______________________ (flippant/flippantly) when responding to teachers’ requests.

4. After he spoke ________________________ (derisive/derisively) to his brother, he felt _______________________ (bad/badly).

5. She sang so _________________________ (beautiful/beautifully) in the concert.6. “Sleep _________________________ (good/well) tonight, sweetie,” said his mom.

Name and Date: ____________________________________Mrs. DeMella: Honors English

Grammar NOTES

ERROR NUMBER TWO

AVOID ADJECTIVE/ADVERB CONFUSION

Adjectives come before the noun they modify OR they come after linking verbs (predicate adjectives) and modify the subject.

Examples of Predicate Adjectives

She looks quick. (She should try out for track)

She smells bad. (She did not shower)

He feels bad. (His dog died)

Adverbs come after action verbs.

Examples of Adverbs

She ran quickly. (How does she run? Quickly.)

She speaks eloquently. (How does she speak? Eloquently.)

S.A.T. ISSUE

Basic Rule:

1. Use the ADVERB form after an ACTION VERB, and the ADJECTIVE form after a state of being or linking verb (non action).

Examples:

The detective looked cautious (He is not performing the action of looking. We are looking at him).

The detective looked cautiously at the convict. (Here, looked is an action, so we use the adverb form).

Her perfume smelled bad. (Here, the perfume is not doing the action of smelling. We are smelling the perfume).

She smelled badly because her nose was stuffed. (Here smelled is an action).

IMPORTANT: SOMETIMES, If you put an adverb after a linking verb, the verb changes to an action verb!

LINKING (w/ ADJECTIVE) = She looks quick. (She should try out for track)

ACTION (w/adverb) = She looks quickly. (She moves her head rapidly to look at things)

LINKING (w/ADJECTIVE) = She smells bad. (She did not shower)

ACTION (w/ ADVERB) She smells badly. (She has a stuffed up nose from a cold and cannot smell anything)

LINKING (w/ ADJECTIVE) = He feels bad. (His dog died)

ACTION (w/ ADVERB) = He feels badly. (He has numb fingertips and cannot feel anything – maybe he suffered from a bad burn and the nerves in his hands died)

SPECIAL NOTE: Good vs. Well

‘Good’ is usually an adjectiveHe is good.He’s a good guy.I’m feeling good.

‘Well’ is usually an adverbShe runs well.She speaks well.Sleep well.I’m doing well.

EXCEPTIONS:

‘Good’ can be a NOUN. For example: a do-gooder does good.

Don’t say “I am doing good,” unless you are doing charity work.

“Superman does good. You do well,” – Tracy Jordan (on “30 Rock”)

‘Well’ can be an adjective meaning ‘healthy.’

I am well. / I feel well. = I’m not sick.

I am good. = Also correct. It is a predicate adjective.

FINALLY:

Real, sure and most are all adjectives that are commonly misused as adverbs:

WRONG: I was real angry with Loretta. (should be ‘really angry”)WRONG: You were sure early today. (should be “surely early”)WRONG: He scored a basket most every time he tried. (should be “almost every time”)

Name and Date: _______________________ Mrs. DeMella: English 2HGRAMMAR/S.A.T. section of your binder Homework # _____Common S.A. T. Errors (Errors #1 and #2)

PART ONE: Complete the error identification questions (S.A.T. Practice). All contain either an error with adjective/adverb confusion, or no error.

PART TWO: Correct the following sentences for the errors above (BOTH punctuation and adjective/adverb confusion). If there is an error with adjective/adverb confusion, then draw an arrow to the word modified and indicate its part of speech:

1. Tom never washed his hands, consequently he caught the swine flu.

2. Although he was sick he came to school.

3. He felt really badly as he sat in his first period class, however, he chose not to go to the nurse.

4. The truculently boy who sat beside him became extremely angry when Tom coughed in his face. So he punched him.

5. In The Color of Water, James McBride’s mother rides real slow down the hill on her bicycle and embarrasses him.

6. Author Leslie Marmon Silko writes extensive on the interconnectedness of all living things.

7. On the first day of school I looked real nice, with brand new sneakers and a beautiful sweater.

8. My blood pressure would rise to inhumanly levels when I was forced to speak in class.

9. I don’t think the children on the island would have acted harmonious.

10. The planning for our skit went very smooth and everyone was involved.

11. The pencil nearly broke from my hand gripping it so tight.

12. I can’t believe I am already a sophomore. One year goes so quick!

13. Please stop that! You keep looking at me strange.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LoE8ZgzaX7A

Monday November 16th: Day 5

YWBAT … create a text that demonstrates contrasting voices.

analyze the contrasting voices in a text. understand the difference between a formal

academic voice/register and an informal voice/register.

Do Now:

Take out Class Work #1 (contrasting voices).

Be sure you have identified the tone for each character (write it) & practice reading it aloud.

Homework # 2: Complete the handout on Grammatical Error #3.

Class Work

As you listen carefully to your peers’ ‘contrasting voices’:

Pay careful attention to diction, syntax, figurative language, tone, and the other aspects of ‘voice’.

Make a few notes on each character’s unique voice. Does the character use any colloquial or slang expressions or any words/phrases that you feel effectively develop the voice?

Identify each character’s tone specifically.

Do you feel that the voice they have created is authentic? Why or why not?

LESSON:

Have them take out their contrasting voices work & be sure they have identified the tone. They should practice reading them.

Have them share these with the class.

Connect this to register and academic voice. Give the handout. Explain it and assign it as homework.

They can begin in class if there is time.

Tuesday = Go over adjective/adverb and formal voice homework.

Wednesday = punctuation + punctuating monologues (& identifying aspects of VOICE). Due Friday.

Thursday = Introduce the project (Due?)

Friday = Reading a few monologues aloud. Discussing aspects of voice.

Flowers – Pick it up Monday.

Name and Date: _________________________ Mrs. DeMella: English 2HGrammar: ERROR # THREE

Homework # _________

RULE # THREE:

DO NOT USE SLANG (the use of informal words and/or expressions that are not

considered standard) or COLLOQUIALISMS (words or phrases common in

conversational speech, but not acceptable in formal writing) IN ANY FORMAL

WRITING. These vary from place to place and time to time. Different subcultures also

have different slang.

ALSO: remember not to use any contractions in formal writing, and write numbers one to

ten in words NOT numerals.

cannot NOT can’t * one NOT 1

do not NOT don’t * five NOT 5

Examples of SLANG/COLLOQUIALISMS: Can you make them formal?

It’s open 24/7.

They cut a deal.

He’s a has-been.

He was put in the slammer.

Her character is a real goody two shoes.

He tells the antagonist to hit the road.

He needs to blow off steam.

He zoned out in class.

I feel knackered and need a kip. (This is British colloquialism, and therefore likely

not understandable to you!)

She’s really into him.

He plays a wicked game of tennis.

Myra has got to go to Memphis for a week.

PRACTICE: Change the following so that they are intended for a formal audience – use a

formal tone. Correct only the informal parts of the sentences, but some may need to be

rewritten.

1. Cynthia Larson sure knows her stuff. She has been considered an expert in her

field for the past 9 years.

2. The crowd was really into watching the fire eating juggler, but then the dancing

horse grabbed their attention.

3. As soon as human resources checks out his resume, I am sure we will hear gales of

laughter issuing from the office.

4. Having something funny to say seems awfully important in our culture.

5. The chef has a nice way with striped bass.

6. Normal human beings can’t cope with repeated humiliation.

7. The world hasn’t got much time to stop polluting; soon, we will all have to wear face

masks.

8. If you want a good cheesecake, you must make a top-notch crust.

9. International organizations should try and cooperate on global issues like hunger.

10. The environmentalists aren’t in it for the prestige; they really care about protecting

the spotted owl.

Tuesday November 17th: Day 7

YWBAT …

understand the difference between a formal academic voice/register and an informal voice/register.

Do Now:

Take out homework #2. While I check it, work with a partner to:

Change the Examples of SLANG/COLLOQUIALISMS (on the front of your homework) to formal/academic writing.

Complete the do now handout.

Homework: Study vocabulary, literary terms and spelling. The vocabulary test will be on Thursday December 3rd.

PRACTICE: Change the following so that they are intended for a formal audience – use a

formal tone. Correct only the informal parts of the sentences, but some may need to be

rewritten.

11. Cynthia Larson sure knows her stuff. She has been considered an expert in her

field for the past 9 years.

12. The crowd was really into watching the fire eating juggler, but then the dancing

horse grabbed their attention.

13. As soon as human resources checks out his resume, I am sure we will hear gales of

laughter issuing from the office.

14. Having something funny to say seems awfully important in our culture.

15. The chef has a nice way with striped bass.

16. Normal human beings can’t cope with repeated humiliation.

17. The world hasn’t got much time to stop polluting; soon, we will all have to wear face

masks.

18. If you want a good cheesecake, you must make a top-notch crust.

19. International organizations should try and cooperate on global issues like hunger.

20. The environmentalists aren’t in it for the prestige; they really care about protecting

the spotted owl.

Name & Date: ____________________________________English 2H / Mrs. DeMella

DO NOW:

Identifying Sentence Errors

1.The ambassador was entertained lavish by Hartwright, whose company has a monetary A B C

interest in the industrial development of the new country. No Error D E

2. As a distinct body of writing, Mexican American literature is relative young having A B

taken shape only after the conclusion of the Mexican War of 1848. No Error C D E

3. Because Ms. Metser, the new chemistry teacher, presented the subject so thorough, A B Cconcepts that had been difficult to understand now seemed simple to the students. DNo Error E

4. Experiments have shown that human skin provides natural protection against a A B

surprising large number of infectious bacteria. No error C D E

5. According to educational statistics, the average age of college students has risen quite A B C

noticeable over the past 25 years. No error D E

PART TWO: Correct the following sentences for the errors above (BOTH punctuation and adjective/adverb confusion). If there is an error with adjective/adverb confusion, then draw an arrow to the word modified and indicate its part of speech:

14. Tom never washed his hands, consequently he caught the swine flu.

15. Although he was sick he came to school.

16. He felt really badly as he sat in his first period class, however, he chose not to go to the nurse.

17. The truculently boy who sat beside him became extremely angry when Tom coughed in his face. So he punched him.

18. In The Color of Water, James McBride’s mother rides real slow down the hill on her bicycle and embarrasses him.

19. Author Leslie Marmon Silko writes extensive on the interconnectedness of all living things.

20. On the first day of school I looked real nice, with brand new sneakers and a beautiful sweater.

21. My blood pressure would rise to inhumanly levels when I was forced to speak in class.

22. I don’t think the children on the island would have acted harmonious.

23. The planning for our skit went very smooth and everyone was involved.

24. The pencil nearly broke from my hand gripping it so tight.

25. I can’t believe I am already a sophomore. One year goes so quick!

26. Please stop that! You keep looking at me strange.Lesson:

Period 7 only: change the examples on the homework to formal voice AND complete the do now.

Period 8 = share/compare HW answers & yesterday’s corrections (formal voice) + do now.

I CHECK WORK (HW 2) AND then have a student return the adjective/adverb and punctuation homework (HW 1).

- Go over formal and informal voice work and homework (HW 2).

- Go over the do now (adj./adverb)- Go over HW 1 (punctuation and adjective/adverb)

Time? Give the next adjective/adverb practice and have them do it in class.

Tuesday December 15th: Day 8

YWBAT …

Define important grammatical terms used to discuss sentence structure.

Avoid errors in pronoun-case agreement (Error 4).

Do Now: Open to the GRAMMAR section of your binder. Copy the

practice sentence below, and use your notes on adjective/adverb agreement and on punctuation problems to correct ALL errors.

Practice:

She did not receive a great education

when she was a child, consequently she has an

extreme low tolerance for her children doing

poor in school.

Name and Date: __________________________________Mrs. DeMella: English 2HGrammar Notes

TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW

Listen while we go through the following together:

1) All sentences can be divided into SUBJECTS and PREDICATES.

My sister Mary / is a lovely girl.

Subject Predicate

The subject is what or whom the sentence is about. The predicate tells something about the subject.

PREDICATES

The predicate is composed of an ACTION verb and its object(s) (together with any modifiers, etc.) OR it is composed of a LINKING/STATE OF BEING verb and its subject complement.

If the VERB is an action verb, it will often be followed by an object or objects (direct object, indirect object).

Direct Object – He kissed her.Indirect Object (to whom or for whom – must go with a direct object) – He gave me the book. I gave him the present.

PREPOSITIONS are also followed by objects

PREPOSITIONS: These (usually small) words link a noun or a pronoun (he, she, him, her, it, you, us, we I, etc.) to the rest of the sentence. They show time, spatial (location) or logical relationships between words.

Examples: on, beneath, between, during, above, after, up, for, with, at, in, by, below, except, into, across, about, etc…

Object of a Preposition – The book was written by her. He went to the concert with me.____________________________________________________

If the VERB is a linking verb/state of being verb (like ‘is’ or other forms of ‘to be’), it will be followed by subject complements (a subject complement can be a predicate adjective or a predicate nominative/noun).

A predicate adjective is a subject complement that is an adjective, and that is in the predicate of a sentence. It follows a linking verb, and it describes the subject. (That idea is great.)

A predicate nominative is a subject complement that is a noun or pronoun located in the predicate of a sentence (it follows a linking verb) and it renames the subject. (Our teacher is Mrs. DeMella).

Practice:

1. For the following sentences, separate the subject from the predicate by using a backslash (/).

A. Meghan and her friends are cool.

B. They are the nicest girls in school.

C. My sister and I did the crossword puzzle.

2. Underline the verb in each sentence above and indicate whether or not the verb is an ACTION or a LINKING verb.

3. Which sentence has a DIRECT OBJECT in the predicate? ___

4. Which sentences have subject complements in their predicates? ________

5. Which sentence contains a predicate adjective? ____

6. Which sentence contains a predicate nominative? ____

More Practice:

Practice: Identify the function of the underlined words (subject, indirect object, direct object, object of a preposition, predicate nominative, predicate adjective)

1. The book that I am reading is interesting.

2. John, Manny, and she will graduate this spring.

3. The best basketball players will play Michael Jordan and me.

4. The woman with Bob and her is an opera singer.

5. William offered Todd and us some coffee. Only Manny and I accepted his offer.

Pronoun CasePronouns (and nouns) in English display "case" according to their function in the sentence. Their function can be:

Subjective/Nominative (they act as the subject/they name the subject. ‘Nom’ means name)

Objective (they act as the object) Possessive (they show possession of something else)

The following table shows the different forms for pronouns depending on case.

Subjective/Nominativecase

Objectivecase

Possessivecase

personal pronouns singular 1st I me mine

2nd you you yours

3rd hesheit

himherit

hishersits

plural 1st we us ours

2nd you you yours

3rd they them theirs

relative / interrogative pronouns

who whom whose

whoever whomever

which, that, what which, that, what

indefinite pronouns everybody everybody everybody's

A problem of case: Mary and I or Mary and me?

1. Mary and I are delighted to be here today. (NOT Mary and me)2. The letter was addressed to Mary and me. (NOT Mary and I)

In 1, Mary and I are subjects, which is why the pronoun takes the subjective/nominative case ("I"). In 2, Mary and I are objects, which is why the pronoun takes the objective case ("me"). An easy way to check the correct case is to try the sentence without Mary. Would you say "I am delighted to be here" or "Me am delighted to be here"? Would you say "The letter was addressed to me" or "The letter was addressed to I"?Name and Date: _________________________________ Mrs. DeMella English 2HGRAMMAR: ‘PRONOUN CASE ERRORS’ (Error 4)These common errors occur when a writer uses a pronoun in the wrong case/form.

Example: Incorrect: John and me went to the movie.Correct: John and I went to the movie.

They are not all this easy!

HERE IS A CHEAT SHEET TO HELP YOU:

NOMINATIVES:

SUBJECT of a verb = NOMINATIVE case

He and I went to the party.The other girls and she decided to skip the practice.

APOSITIVE (This RENAMES the subject and is NOT in the predicate) = NOMINATIVE case. It might be separated from the rest of the sentence by dashes or commas.

The valedictorian and salutatorian – he and she – each spoke at the graduation.

SUBJECT COMPLEMENT (This is either a predicate nominative or a predicate adjective. These rename or describe the subject, respectively). = NOMINATIVE case

The only one I want to marry is he.This is she. - predicate nominativesThe counselors are they.It is I.

SUBJECT IN A CLAUSE = NOMINATIVE case

He attacked the man who had insulted him.I did not know who it was.An A student is a boy or girl who studies a lot.

TRICK: to figure out if you should use ‘who’ or ‘whom’, make it a question:

- Who had insulted him? He had. (He is nominative, so you use ‘who’)- Who was it? It was he. (He is nominative – this is a subject complement/predicate

nominative – so you use ‘who’)- Who studies a lot? He does. (He is nominative, so you use ‘who’)

OBJECTIVES:

DIRECT OBJECT = OBJECTIVE case

Sally asked him to the dance.

The zombie attacked him and me.

INDIRECT OBJECT (to whom or for whom) = OBJECTIVE case

Sally gave him no chance to refuse.

She handed the tickets to him.

OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION = OBJECTIVE case

*Review: Prepositions are words like: in, on, beneath, between, during, above, after, up, by, for, into, with, across, except, below, since, about, etc… They link nouns/pronouns/phrases to the rest of the sentence, and show temporal (time), logical, or spatial relationships.

Carol Anne, by whom the memoir was written, had a very interesting life.

(TRICK: For whom was the memoir written? It was written for her. (Her is objective, so you use ‘whom’)

Everyone likes Cindy except Tom and me.

Between you and me, I’m becoming suspicious of Laura and him.Cheat sheet

Todd went to the party with John and me.

AS THE SUBJECT (strange, I know!) or OBJECT of an INFINITIVE (to go, to do, to give)

Example: She asked him to help her.

Name and Date: _________________________Pronoun Case Errors (“Grammar/Error 4”)Mrs. DeMella: English 2H

Directions: Correct the following sentences for pronoun case errors.

1. Me and Bill have been friends since we were children.

2. Except for Lauren and I, everyone had gone home for the day.

3. The two of us were the only people whom were left in the building.

4. Marty and me went to the party. Who did Scott go to the party with? (Also – correct this so that it does not end with a preposition)

5. I did not know whom it was who had given me the love note. Now, Todd was

always asking me out, so I guessed it was probably he, but I was not sure.

6. The bedbugs in the hotel were terrible. They bit both Josh and I when we

were staying there, and later we were horrified to discover that we had

brought them home with us!

7. You gave an engagement ring to someone! I can’t believe you didn’t tell your

mother and I. Who did you give it to? We have to meet her.

PRACTICE: Which is it?

The man who/whom I love is a musician.

The man who/whom loves me is a musician.

Name and Date: __________________________________Mrs. DeMella/2H“Grammar”

Practice Sentences: The following sentences are correct OR they contain errors with adjective/adverb confusion or with pronoun case. Work with your partner to correct any errors.

1. I suspect that your father and him will be in trouble for their actions.

2. I think the vegetables smell a little rottenly.

3. The only contestants still answering trivia questions were Bernice and he.

4. He feels exceptionally bad about his behavior in class today.

5. Things were beginning to look badly for the entrapped regiment.

6. It is very important that you drive very slow when in a school zone.

7. Mr. Lindh told Paul and I to put the problems on the blackboard.

8. There’s enough pie left for you and her.

9. The chairman appointed Paul and me to serve on the committee.

10. Clean out the closet pretty good before you add the new dresses.

11. I am sure that him and Henry already have plans for the weekend.

12. Between you and I, I’m becoming suspicious of Sybhilla and he.

13. I am certain that the fish left on the counter overnight smell horrible.

14. Lester played pretty bad for the first five innings of the game.

15. The candidates that I voted for all turned out to be corrupt.

16. I believe that us boys are in a great deal of trouble.

17. There is quite a lot of jealousy between she and her sisters.

18. They were planning a party for Mary and I.

19. If you hit the dog, he simply behaves more stubbornly.

20. William Butler Yeats, by whom the small cabin was built, was a better poet than carpenter.

21. The boy who I went out with for years turned out to be a liar and a cheat.

22. The eventual winners, he and she, each answered fifty questions correctly.

Name and Date: ______________________ Mrs. DeMella English 2H: “Grammar”

DO NOW Directions:

Choose the correct pronoun to complete each of the sentences below. Then, identify the function of the pronoun you chose.

Functions: direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, subject of the sentence, subject of a clause, appositive, subject complement

1. I punched he/him. (function = ____________________)2. Who/Whom did you punch? (function = ____________________)3. The boy Who/Whom I punched has a black eye now. Hahaha. (function

= ____________________)

4. I gave he/him a taste of my wrath. (function = ____________________)5. I gave a taste of my wrath to he/him. (function =

____________________)6. To who/whom did you give a taste of your wrath? (function =

____________________)7. I like everyone except he/him. (function = ____________________)8. Can you keep this story between you and I/me? (function =

____________________)9. I don’t want to get in trouble for hitting he/him. (function =

____________________).10. He/Him and She/Her conspired together to commit the crime. (function

= ____________________)11.The criminal and the heiress, he/him and she/her, are talking together

at the bar. (function = ____________________)12.The mastermind is she/her. (function = ____________________)13.The criminal, who/whom is not very bright, could never have planned

such a heist. (function = ____________________).14.Who/Whom caused them to get caught? (function =

____________________)15.The detective who/whom solved the crime was played by Benedict

Cumberbatch. (function = ____________________).

ANYTHING THAT IS AN OBJECT GETS AN OBJECTIVE PRONOUN

1. I punched him. (him = direct object)2. Whom did you punch? (Whom = direct object)3. The boy whom I punched has a black eye now. Hahaha. (direct object)4. I gave him a taste of my wrath. (him = indirect object)

5. I gave a taste of my wrath to him. (object of a preposition)6. To whom did you give a taste of your wrath? (obj. of a prep.)7. I like everyone except him. (object of a preposition)8. Can you keep this story between you and me? (object of a preposition)I

don’t want to get in trouble for hitting him. (direct object).

ANYTHING THAT IS A SUBJECT (including APOSITIVES which rename subjects) OR A PREDICATE NOMINATIVE gets a NOMINATIVE PRONOUN (That includes subjects in clauses, wherever they are located in a sentence).

9. He and she conspired together to commit the crime. (BOTH subjects)10.The criminal and the heiress, he and she, are talking together at the bar.

(BOTH appositives)11.The mastermind is she. (subject complement: predicate nominative)12.The criminal, who is not very bright, could never have planned such a

heist. (subject in a clause).13.Who caused them to get caught? (subject)14.The detective who solved the crime was played by Benedict

Cumberbatch. (subject in a clause).

Wednesday December 16th: Day 2

YWBAT …

Define important grammatical terms used to discuss sentence structure.

Avoid errors in pronoun-case agreement (Error 4).

Do Now:

Open to the GRAMMAR section of your binder

Study your grammar notes!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Practice: Identify the subject and the predicate. Then, find an example of each of the following:

Indirect object, direct object, object of a preposition, subject, predicate adjective, predicate nominative.

1. The book that I am reading is very interesting.

2. John, Manny, and Julia will graduate this spring.

3. The varsity soccer team plays games every Sunday afternoon.

4. The woman in the red dress goes to my church.

5. I wrote Jonny a love poem.

6. The kid who sits behind me is a hockey player.

Tuesday December 22nd: Day 6

YWBAT …

Define important grammatical terms used to discuss sentence structure.

Identify the functions of words in sentences. Avoid errors in pronoun-case agreement

(Error 4).

Do Now: Open to the GRAMMAR section of your

binder. Work with your partner to complete the DO

NOW handout.

Homework – Study for the vocabulary / literary terms make-up test tomorrow if you would like to improve your grade.

Homework #9 – Read and track allusions + answer the reading guide questions given yesterday.

Name and Date: ______________________ Mrs. DeMella English 2H: “Grammar”

DO NOW Directions:

Choose the correct pronoun to complete each of the sentences below. Then, identify the function of the pronoun you chose.

Functions: direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, subject of the sentence, subject of a clause, appositive, subject complement

16.I punched he/him. (function = ____________________)17.Who/Whom did you punch? (function = ____________________)18.The boy Who/Whom I punched has a black eye now. Hahaha. (function

= ____________________)

19.I gave he/him a taste of my wrath. (function = ____________________)20.I gave a taste of my wrath to he/him. (function =

____________________)21.To who/whom did you give a taste of your wrath? (function =

____________________)22.I like everyone except he/him. (function = ____________________)23.Can you keep this story between you and I/me? (function =

____________________)24.I don’t want to get in trouble for hitting he/him. (function =

____________________).25. He/Him and She/Her conspired together to commit the crime. (function

= ____________________)26.The criminal and the heiress, he/him and she/her, are talking together

at the bar. (function = ____________________)27.The mastermind is she/her. (function = ____________________)28.The criminal, who/whom is not very bright, could never have planned

such a heist. (function = ____________________).29.Who/Whom caused them to get caught? (function =

____________________)30.The detective who/whom solved the crime was played by Benedict

Cumberbatch. (function = ____________________).

ANYTHING THAT IS AN OBJECT GETS AN OBJECTIVE PRONOUN

15.I punched him. (him = direct object)

16.Whom did you punch? (Whom = direct object)17.The boy whom I punched has a black eye now. Hahaha. (direct object)18.I gave him a taste of my wrath. (him = indirect object)19.I gave a taste of my wrath to him. (object of a preposition)20.To whom did you give a taste of your wrath? (obj. of a prep.)21.I like everyone except him. (object of a preposition)22.Can you keep this story between you and me? (object of a preposition)I

don’t want to get in trouble for hitting him. (direct object).

ANYTHING THAT IS A SUBJECT (including APOSITIVES which rename subjects) OR A PREDICATE NOMINATIVE gets a NOMINATIVE PRONOUN (That includes subjects in clauses, wherever they are located in a sentence).

23.He and she conspired together to commit the crime. (BOTH subjects)24.The criminal and the heiress, he and she, are talking together at the bar.

(BOTH appositives)25.The mastermind is she. (subject complement: predicate nominative)26.The criminal, who is not very bright, could never have planned such a

heist. (subject in a clause).27.Who caused them to get caught? (subject)28.The detective who solved the crime was played by Benedict

Cumberbatch. (subject in a clause).

Name and Date: _________________________Pronoun Case Errors (“Grammar/Error 4”)Mrs. DeMella: English 2H

Directions: Correct the following sentences for pronoun case errors.

8. Me and Bill have been friends since we were children.

9. Except for Lauren and I, everyone had gone home for the day.

10. The two of us were the only people whom were left in the building.

11. Marty and me went to the party. Who did Scott go to the party with? (Also – correct this so that it does not end with a preposition)

12. I did not know whom it was who had given me the love note. Now, Todd was

always asking me out, so I guessed it was probably he, but I was not sure.

13. The bedbugs in the hotel were terrible. They bit both Josh and I when we

were staying there, and later we were horrified to discover that we had

brought them home with us!

14. You gave an engagement ring to someone! I can’t believe you didn’t tell your

mother and I. Who did you give it to? We have to meet her.

PRACTICE: Which is it?

The man who/whom I love is a musician.

The man who/whom loves me is a musician.

Name and Date: __________________________________Mrs. DeMella/2H“Grammar”

Practice Sentences: The following sentences are correct OR they contain errors with adjective/adverb confusion or with pronoun case. Work with your partner to correct any errors.

I suspect that your father and him will be in trouble for their actions.

I think the vegetables smell a little rottenly.

The only contestants still answering trivia questions were Bernice and he.

He feels exceptionally bad about his behavior in class today.

Things were beginning to look badly for the entrapped regiment.

It is very important that you drive very slow when in a school zone.

Mr. Lindh told Paul and I to put the problems on the blackboard.

There’s enough pie left for you and her.

The chairman appointed Paul and me to serve on the committee.

10. Clean out the closet pretty good before you add the new dresses.

11. I am sure that him and Henry already have plans for the weekend.

12. Between you and I, I’m becoming suspicious of Sybhilla and he.

13. I am certain that the fish left on the counter overnight smell horrible.

14. Lester played pretty bad for the first five innings of the game.

15. The candidates that I voted for all turned out to be corrupt.

16. I believe that us boys are in a great deal of trouble.

17. There is quite a lot of jealousy between she and her sisters.

18. They were planning a party for Mary and I.

19. If you hit the dog, he simply behaves more stubbornly.

20. William Butler Yeats, by whom the small cabin was built, was a better poet than carpenter.

21. The boy who I went out with for years turned out to be a liar and a cheat.

22. The eventual winners, he and she, each answered fifty questions correctly.

Friday January 8th: Day 4

YWBAT …

Avoid errors in adjective/adverb confusion (Error #2) and in pronoun-case agreement (Error 4).

Write a short response thematic analysis of a visual image in present tense and formal academic voice.

Do Now:

Take out the grammar practice we were working on during class on Tuesday, as well as homework # 10 (to be collected).

Homework – Complete the short response analysis if you did not do so in class. It will be collected on Monday at the start of class. This is class work 6.

Continue reading Flowers for Algernon (you must read up to page 278 for Tuesday’s class) – Be sure to track and record allusions as you go!

Name_______________________ Date_____________

Short Response Checklist

Thesis Statement

o Did you introduce the text title, author, and genre (TAG) ?o Did you remember to put the title of the piece in quotation marks and

to begin each word in the title with a capital letter?o Did you introduce two elements or techniques the artist used?

o Have you explained fully and clearly how the use of these strategies develops the central theme OR purpose of the piece?

Development

o Have you given details from the text as evidence to support your thesis?

o Have you explained each of your elements or techniques and connected them clearly to the artist’s purpose?

o Have you used a closing sentence to tie all your points together by restating your thesis in a new way?

o Have you written your piece in academic voice? (no contractions, no use of first or second person pronouns like I, me, my, you, your, etc., no numerals below ten, etc.)

o Have you maintained consistent use of present tense?

o Have you proofread in order to eliminate run-on sentences and misspelled words (especially “No Excuse” words!)?

Lesson:

Collect HW 10 (grammar) Go over the pronoun case and adj./adv PRACTICE. Give them the checklist and tell them to take the

remainder of the period to complete and proofread their short response/ analysis.

If they finish early they should exchange with their partner to edit the piece.

If they are done with this as well, they should read Flowers for Algernon quietly.

Monday = pronoun number agreement.

Tuesday = Flowers discussion????

Monday January 11th: Day 5

YWBAT … Avoid errors in pronoun-number agreement

(Error #5). Correctly answer S.A.T. style questions

reflecting many of the errors we have studied to date.

Do Now: Take out your short response analysis (CW 6)

to be collected. Open to the “GRAMMAR” section of your

binder. Do the practice handout. Some of these errors

should be familiar to you. Others may be new to you (we will be learning them today).

Homework: Due Tomorrow = reading in Flowers up to page 278. Be sure to track allusions as you read.

Name: _______________________

This goes in the GRAMMAR/S.A.T. section of your binder

Common S.A. T. Errors: Practice with Errors # 1, 2, 4 and 5 (no stylistic errors - #3 - with informal language are found below)

REVIEW OF THE TWO TYPES OF SAT QUESTIONS:

Error Identification

Friends of the family constantly remark on the striking A B C

resemblance between my daughter and I. No error. D E

Sentence Improvement

During the eighteenth century, inoculations against smallpox became increasingly popular among the English upper classes although to the lower classes it remained mysterious and therefore threatening.

(A) although to the lower classes it(B) because to the lower classes it(C) although to the lower classes such inoculations(D) however, to the lower classes the inoculations(E) although among the lower classes it

Now, you try these error correction questions. Also, correct the error:

1. Although electronic technology may appear a quick and efficient way for the federal A

government to hold elections, they may have drawbacks that could undermine the B C D

democratic process. No error. E

2. Just as some people are exceeding fond of the taste of cilantro, A B

so others detest it. No error. C D E

2. All of the candidates except Mr. Nader and I have begun to engage in negative

A B C

campaigning. No error. D E

4. “After John and me get back from the rehearsal, we should all head over to the park A B

together to hang out. Maybe we can pick up some sodas and some burgers and have a C

cook out and play some ultimate frisbee,” suggested Ethan. No error. D E

5. Although scientists know surprising little about Americans’ favorite stimulant, coffee, A

they do know that most people do not use it efficiently. No error. B C D E

6. “How are you doing today?” asked Mr. Miller.A

“I’m doing good for the most part; however, I am B C

a little tired,” answered Jonathan. No error. D E

CHEAT SHEET FOR ERROR #5

PRONOUN NUMBER-AGREEMENT ERRORS (ERROR #5)

These errors occur when a pronoun does not agree with its antecedent (the word it renames) in number (singular or plural).

Example: Incorrect: Everyone in the class did their homework.Correct: Everyone in the class did his or her homework.

Incorrect: Every one of the girls on the team is trying to do their best.Correct: Every one of the girls on the team is trying to do her best.

STUDY THE FOLLOWING:

An ANTECEDENT is the word a pronoun replaces.

Example:John came into the room. He sat down in his chair.‘John’ is the antecedent for ‘He’ and ‘his’.

When the ANTECEDENT is an INDEFINITE PRONOUN (any, anybody, anyone, each, either, every, everybody, everyone, neither, nobody, no one, somebody, someone) = SINGULAR

Neither of the twins is doing her homework. (NOT ‘THEIR’)

Each of the contestants was given his or her own buzzer. (NOT ‘THEIR’)

Every one of the students is trying to do his or her best.

Anybody with any sense would refrain from telling his wife that she looked fat.

When the ANTECEDENT is part of an either…or / neither…nor statement = AGREE WITH THE NEARER ANTECEDENT.

Either Tom or Will always does his homework.

Neither the professor nor the students have finished their work for the evening.

Neither the students nor the professor has done all his work.

When the ANTECEDENT is a COLLECTIVE NOUN (family, group) = USUALLY the pronoun is SINGULAR.

The choral group, known for its complex harmonies, is singing tonight.

Also note the difference between the usage of RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS:

Each other – This is used to show interactions between TWO PEOPLE (ex: The students turned to each other and began the pair work).

One another – This is used to describe actions between MORE THAN TWO PEOPLE (ex: During our shared inquiry discussion, the students in the class were communicating with one another).

Practice directions: Correct the following sentences for pronoun number agreement errors.

1. Before boarding, passengers must purchase his or her own ticket in the main concourse of

the bus terminal because tickets are not sold on buses.

2. Neither the students nor the teacher has finished their work.

3. The teacher was so disappointed to discover that nobody had done their

homework.

4. Her family is well known for their corny sense of humor.

5. Her brothers and sisters are always joking around with each other at the dinner table.

6. Every one of the kids in the boys’ chorus raised their hand to vote for Jack as chief,

but Ralph still won the vote.

7. Famous for their sticky feet, the gecko can run up walls and across ceilings, as well as

hang from a surface by its toes.

8. According to the news, the mysterious thief leaves a single rose in place of each thing

they steal.

LESSON:

Go over the do now (new review)

Introduce the new error: pronoun number agreement.

Go over the cheat sheet.

They complete the practice on the cheat sheet (& then we go over it)

Go back over the DO NOW.

Wednesday January 13th: Day 5

YWBAT … Avoid errors in pronoun-number agreement (Error #5). Correctly answer S.A.T. style questions reflecting ALL of

the errors we have studied to date (Errors #1-5) Avoid errors subject-verb agreement (Error #6).

Do Now: Open to the GRAMMAR section of your binder.

Copy and correct the following sentences. Both are wrong:

1)Each student was given their own notebook.2)All of the students were given their own notebook.

Then copy the sentence below, choosing the correct verbs and pronouns.

Every one of the myriad actors in the play that received the Tony award (is/are) (an expert/experts) at portraying (his or her/their) (character/characters).

Name and Date: _________________

Grammar: English 2HMrs. DeMellaSubject-Verb Agreement (Error #6)

Pronoun (and Noun) Number Agreement Errors (Error #5) and Subject-Verb Agreement Errors (Error #6) are the most commonly tested errors on the S.A.T. These errors are related, and often occur simultaneously.

Subject verb agreement errors happen when you have to make a choice between words like: is/areruns/runthrows/throwconsists/consist

Remember that the verb that ends in S is the singular form!! (He throws vs. They throw)

These errors usually occur:

when the subject and the verb are separated by a number of words (especially by prepositional phrases).

when the subject is an indefinite pronoun (each/everyone/anyone/etc…). When the subject consists of more than one noun (compound subjects) or of a collective

noun (group/family/committee/majority).

Example: Choose the correct word forms:

Each of the many boys in the classroom after school (knows/know) how to button (his/their) (coat/coats).

In order to avoid making this kind of error, you need to follow these STEPS:

1) Be able to recognize the SUBJECT of a sentence by crossing out PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES and other “extras”. This means you must be able to recognize prepositions!! (See your grammar handout on ‘Parts of Speech’ and memorize the list of prepositions).

2) Be able to recognize INDEFINITE PRONOUNS (See your “cheat sheet” on pronoun number agreement errors and memorize the list of indefinite pronouns) and remember that they are mainly SINGULAR. Exceptions include ‘both’, ‘few’, ‘many,’ and ‘some’ which are plural. A few can be EITHER singular or plural, like ‘All’ (All is forgiven / All have arrived.)

3) Study the rules for compound subjects (on this paper!) and for collective nouns.

Examples for steps one and two:

1. Each of the boys (is/are) smart.

2. All of my friends (is/are) always on time to class.

3. Everybody in the room always (leaves/leave) (his or her/their) (coats/coat) on the table.

4. Neither of my friends (seems/seem) to like my cousin very much.

5. A pile of ragged suitcases (was/were) waiting for us on the dock.

6. Every one of the many rooms in the house (has/have) air conditioning.

7. Anyone with a head for numbers (seems/seem) able to work with us on the project.

8. Either of my friends from upstate near the border (is/are) planning to arrive later today.

9. All of the people on my favorite baseball team since I was a little boy (plays/play) very well.

10. Everybody applying for college at the end of the year (needs/need) to work hard on his college essays.

Step Three: Compound and Collective Nouns:

Memorize these rules:

1) If the subject is a two word subject (compound) connected by the word ‘and’, that subject is considered to be plural:

Example: Karl, who is expert in cooking Hunan spicy duck, and George, who is expert in eating Hunan spicy duck, (has/have) combined their expertise to start a new restaurant.

N.B. The following connecting words DO NOT make a plural subject:

Along with, as well as, besides, in addition to, together with

Example: The chairman, along with the treasurer and the secretary, (is/are) misinformed.

2) When the subject consists of two or more nouns connected by ‘or’ or ‘nor’, the verb agrees with the closest noun.

Example: Either the senators or the president (is/are) misinformed.Example: Either the president or the senators (is/are) misinformed.

3) Collective nouns (group/audience/committee/majority) usually take a singular verb (unless you really want to emphasize the individuals forming the group). The word ‘number’ takes a singular verb when preceded by ‘the’, and a plural verb when preceded by ‘a’.

Example: A majority of the jury (thinks/think) that the defendant is guilty.Exception: A majority of the committee (has/have) signed their names to the report.Example: A number of fans (hopes/hope) for a mere glimpse of his handsome face .

SOME SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THIS RULE:

1) Watch out for sentences where the subject comes AFTER the verb:

Example: (There is/There are) only twenty three dollars left in the treasury.Example: (Here is/Here are) the ice skates that you asked me to buy for you.

2) Watch out for “who” clauses attached to prepositional phrases. These should be considered to be part of the prepositional phrase when deciding on verb agreement.

Example: A group of jockeys who (has/have) already finished the first race and who (wishes/wish) to have their pictures taken (is/are) blocking my view of the horses.Example: Tom is one of the many boys who (likes/like) to put mustard on (his/their hamburger/hamburgers).

3) Use SUBJUNCTIVE mood correctly. The subjunctive is used for expressing a wish, a doubt, a supposition, or a condition that does not actually exist. In the subjunctive, use were instead of was and use had instead of has, have or would have.

Examples:

If I (was/were) in charge, we would not move to China.

She wishes her grandmother (was/were) still alive.

If I (would have/had) thought things through, I might have agreed.

Suppose he (would have/had) come to the party.He acts as if he (has/had) all the time in the world.

MORE PRACTICE: Underline all prepositional phrases AND correct any incorrect verbs and/or pronouns.

1. The logical structure of his complicated and rather tortuous arguments is always the

same.

2. The majority of the organization’s members believe in God.

3. Both the young child and her grandfather was saddened for months after discovering that

the oldest ice cream parlor in the city had closed its doors forever.

4. Hartz brought the blueprints and the model that was still on the table instead of the ones

that Mackenzie had returned to the cabinet.

5. A case of bananas have been sent to the local distributer in compensation for the fruit that

was damaged in transit.

6. Neither the shipping clerk who packed the equipment nor the truckers who transported it

admits responsibility for the dented circuit box.

7. A total of fifty editors read each article, a process that takes at least a week, sometimes

six months.

8. Either Georgette or Robespierre are going to be asked to dinner by the madcap Calvin. I

dread the result in either case.

9. I can never decide whether to eat an orange or a Belgian chocolate; each of them have

their wondrous qualities.

10. Everyone in the United States, as well as the Canadians, expect the timber agreement to

fall through.

The end

LESSON:

Give them a moment to complete the do now while

I return the PRONOUN CASE homework.

Go over homework # 11 (pronoun case and adj.

adv) AND today’s DO NOW (connect pronoun #

to Subject verb).

Complete the lesson from Monday (finish up

handouts and review)

Give the handout on subject-verb agreement and

go through it, completing the exercises as we go.

They should complete the practice at the end for

homework.

Thursday January 14th: Day 8

YWBAT … Avoid errors subject-verb agreement (Error #6).

Do Now: Open to the GRAMMAR section of your binder.

Turn to ‘Step Three: Compound and Collective Nouns’ in the packet I gave you yesterday.

With your partner, read the THREE rules, and work together on the practice for each one.

Stop when you get to “Some Special Aspects of This Rule”

Homework # 11 – Complete the preparation / note-taking handout in order to prepare to write your short analysis of Flowers for Algernon.

Remember to go directly to the C126 computer lab for class tomorrow.

LESSON: DESKS IN THREES

Introduce the DO NOW. Then, go over it. Go through the SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THE

RULE. Give them the handout on conditionals.

Have them work on 1) the group practice and 2) the conditionals (If they finish early)

Go over the answers to the group work.

Remind them of the homework.

Thursday January 21st: Day 4

YWBAT … excel on the grammar portion of your mid-term.

Do Now:

Take out your vocabulary fill in homework (#12) to be collected.

NOTEBOOK CHECK – Take out the GRAMMAR AND STYLE/USAGE RULES (Given 10/26) and complete the front page by correcting all errors.

Homework: Complete the mid-term grammar practice

(class work) if you did not do so in class (DUE

TOMORROW) + Study Flowers vocab words.

Name and Date: _______________________ Mrs. DeMella: English 2H – 2016GRAMMAR REVIEW FOR 2H MID-TERM: incorrect punctuation of adverbial subordinators and conjunctive adverbials, run-ons, fragments, adjective and adverb confusion, inappropriate use of slang/colloquialism, errors in subject-verb agreement and/or verb-tense, word usage/spelling errors, and pronoun agreement errors (case or number).

Directions: Choose the correct answer and explain the error in the margin. For error identification questions, correct the sentence as well.

1. Despite the countless hours that astronomers have spent observing the solar A

system, surprising little is known about the mass and density of Pluto, the planet that B

lies farthest from the sun. No error C D E

2. Walter had initially derided the new energy-efficient automobiles on sale, then eventually he was convinced of the value of a fuel economy.

(A) sale, then eventually he was convinced of the value(B) sale, then eventually the value convinced him (C) sale, but eventually convincing himself of the value(D) sale, but eventually he was convinced of the value(E) sale; however, eventually being convinced of the value

3. The national marine sanctuary known as The Flower Gardens, located in the Gulf of Mexico, home to some of the most spectacular banks of coral and sponges to be found in this part of the world.

(A) Gulf of Mexico, home to some of the most spectacular banks of coral and sponges to be found

(B) Gulf of Mexico, home to some of the most spectacular banks of coral and sponges that were found

(C) Gulf of Mexico, home to some of the most spectacular banks of coral and sponges we found

(D) Gulf of Mexico, home to some of the more spectacular banks of coral and sponges found(E) Gulf of Mexico, is home to some of the most spectacular banks of coral and sponges to

be found

4. The sighting of several previously unknown astral bodies in orbit beyond Pluto A B

have thrilled astronomers and science fiction writers alike. No error.C D E

5. Although electronic voting technology may appear a quick and efficient way for A

the federal government to hold elections, they may have drawbacks that could B C D

undermine the democratic process. No error E

6. The limerick, in contrast to various more demanding verse forms, are so simple A B

that even a child can write one. No error C D E

7. Except for the night watchman and I, everyone had gone home for the day; A B C

the two of us were the only persons left in the building. No error. D E

8. For most of American history, women lacked the right to vote: not until the early A B

twentieth century was the franchise granted to women. No error C D E

9. Friends of the family constantly remark on the striking resemblance between my A B C

daughter and I. No error. D E

10. Just as some people are exceeding fond of the taste of cilantro, so others detest it. A B C D

No error E

11. Today’s athlete may feel such great pressure to succeed at every level of A B C

competition that they begin taking drugs at an early age. No error. D E

12. Many foreign electronics companies have learned to build machines at lower A B

cost by using inexpensive produced components. No error. C D E

13. In James McBride’s critically acclaimed memoir The Color of Water , the A B

narrator’s mother’s values really rub off on her son James. No error.C D E

14. One of the principle themes in Lord of the Flies relates to the exploration A B

of the origins of evil; Golding posits that the origins of evil are within the heart of man. C D

No error. E

15. The wrestlers knew that fasting could be dangerous, but them and their A B

teammates were desperate to lose weight before the championship match. No error.C D E

16. On the executive board of the publishing company sits five women A B C

and four men. No error. D E

Continued …

17. Stephen King’s novel Pet Sematary was inspired by a misspelled sign on a real A B

pet cemetery near Orrington, where the King’s once are living. No error. C D E

18. Thirty years ago, one could say that those who the president nominated A

to serve on the Supreme Court were chosen not because of their political leanings, B C

but because of their fine legal minds and their judicial expertise. No error. D E

19. In The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield, the young

protagonist, struggles to overcome his obsession with the loss of childhood innocence A. B.

that accompanies growing up. In the end, he succeeded. No error. C. D. E.

20. Also supported by the commission was the proposed health clinics and the A. B.

proposed center to distribute information on job-training opportunities. No error. C. D. E.

21. George Thornton Emmons was one of a handful of ethnographers who committed A. B.

his life to studying the Tlingit culture of the Northwest Coast. No error. C. D. E.

22. One of Confucius’ principal legacies will have been the notion of the enlightened A B

civil servant, a concept that centuries later would spawn the system of all-powerful C D

Mandarins. No error. E

Friday January 23rd: Day 6

YWBAT … excel on your mid-term.

Do Now:

Complete the vocabulary fill-in practice while I check off your homework (mid-term grammar practice).

Homework: Study for your mid-term examination AND do

the online grammar quizzes (my webpages online resources).

Name and Date: _____________________________Vocabulary / 2H DeMellaFlowers for Algernon (List 3) Short Practice

DO NOWDirections: Use words from your new vocabulary list to complete the following sentences.

1. My grandmother would never say that someone farted because she thinks such words are rude. Instead, she uses _________________ like “He fluffed,” or “He passed some wind.”

2. My mother is always ________________ me to do my homework.3. I hate people who are ________________. It annoys me when they are

always talking about all the great things they have done. I believe it is much better to be ___________________, and to play down your achievements.

4. When Millie went away for vacation, Sandra _______________ her position as manager by telling lies about her. Millie was furious when she returned, by she did not get her job back.

5. Although he would like to have more, their relationship is just _________________. She has a boyfriend, and that is that.

6. “It is ________________ to study for the test. I know I will fail anyway!” said the pessimistic student.

7. Her behavior is so _________________. One day she is nice, and the next day she is mean. I can’t figure her out.

8. He found her ____________________ charming. She was so innocent!9. When the ____________________criminal went ____________________

and started shooting people, we all _____________________ in the corner.

10. He was feeling ____________________ so he went to the doctor. The doctor said the ____________________ for his condition was good, and that he would likely be better within 24 hours.

11. It is a _____________________ idea that global warming will lead to the next ice age.

Lesson = vocab fill-in while I check off the grammar

homework and do a quick notebook check (another).

Go over vocab practice and grammar classwork (# mid-term

review).

Give mid-term format and return and discuss the writing

(writing about lit and formal voice).

Friday Homework – Study for your mid-term examination

AND do the online grammar quizzes (my webpages online

resources) – before test.

WE WILL REVIEW THE SHORT RESPONSE ON MONDAY

I need: Key to grammar work (review). Copies of do now (vocab) and mid-term format.

REVISE

Friday March 11th: Day 7

YWBAT:

Avoid errors # 1-7 on your “Grammar for S.A.T. (usage) Overview” handout (REVIEW) in preparation for our next error.

Do Now:

Take out your grammar rules/usage overview. Complete the practice handout (review of errors 1-7)

HW 7: DUE TUESDAY = Read chapters 1 & 2 in Lord of the Flies, take notes, and follow directions on the assignment handout.

STUDY FOR THE TEST ON MONDAY.

Name and Date: _______________________________

Mrs. DeMella: English 2HReview of Grammar Notes: High Frequency S.A.T. Errors #1-7.

Directions: Work with your partner to … Identify the error in the sentence and circle the corresponding letter. Identify the type of error (i.e. adjective and adverb confusion, error in case of a

pronoun, etc…), and write it in the margin. Correct the error.

1. Sundaes with whipped cream and cherries, while good if consumed in A B

moderation, is heinous if eaten for breakfast, lunch and dinner. No error. C D E

2. There is usually a haze of blue smoke surrounding Linda, Jenny, and I in A B

chemistry lab, especially when we girls are mixing together chemicals of C

unknown origin. No error.D E

3. Even though some possess the flexibility to put their legs over their heads, most A

people vary in his or her ability to achieve this feat. No error. B C D E

4. At swimming pools last summer, the heat will have brought hundreds and even A B

thousands of people to bathe in chlorine infested waters. No error. C D E

5. After the sun set behind the mountains, a cool breeze sprang up and brought A B C

relief from the heat. No error. D E

6. The fascinating TV special shows how quick the hungry tiger can devour its prey. A B C D

No error. E

NOTES ON RULE SEVEN: Error in the Tense of a Verb

1) Keep Verb Tense Consistent!

WRONG: Throughout his life, James McBride’s knowledge grows and his understanding of his identity expanded.

Expands =

WRONG: His mother had a huge influence on the man he becomes.

Became = But note that present tense is the preferred tense when writing about literature.

2) Past Perfect (had + past participle – done/eaten)

Used to show the chronological order of past events (especially when there are no other indicators).

Past I lost the keys I found the keys Present Future(NOW)

WRONG: I found the keys I lost.

Had lost =

3) Present Perfect (has/have + past participle)

Used to discuss an action performed at an unstated past time (simple past tense is used when the time is directly stated).

WRONG: I ate sushi before.WRONG: “Did you ever ride a motorcycle?”WRONG: “Yah, I rode a motorcycle lots of times.”

CORRECT: I have eaten sushi before. I ate it last week. CORRECT: “Have you ever ridden a motorcycle?”CORRECT: “Yes. I’ve ridden a motorcycle many times.”

Her teacher came to her house when he found out that her parents did not know she had been cutting class.

(In a film or book): Her teacher comes to her house when he finds out that her parents do not know she has been cutting class.

Infinitive (base)

Present Tense

Gerund/ Present Continuous (preceded by to be)

Past Tense (Simple or Regular)

Past Participle (preceded by have, has, had, to be, etc…)

To jump jump/jumps jumping jumped jumpedTo run run/runs running ran runTo eat eat/eats eating ate eatenTo do do/does doing did doneTo ride ride/rides riding rode ridden

More Practice: Correct the following for errors in verb tense.

1. He was the most handsome man I have ever seen.

2. When Julian learned that my goldfish died, he sent me a condolence card.

MORE NOTES: COPY THESE!!!!

A ‘gerund’ is a verb used as a NOUN

Example: I love jumping.

A ‘present participle’ is an –ing form of a verb that is used as an adjective.

Example – The jumping girl is my friend.

A ‘past participle’ is a form of a verb that is used to form perfect verb tenses and also sometimes as an adjective.

Examples:

The child has gone to sleep.

The sun has risen.

The students have done their homework.

The half-eaten sandwich

The broken computer

Participles also can begin phrases:

Putting on her glasses, Mary walked into the room.

Friday Lesson:

Tell them to take out their grammar overview handouts and to work on the SAT practice questions and remind them of the homework due Tuesday + Monday’s test.

Next: Tell them that we will be studying grammar today and returning to book discussion Tuesday. We will return to grammar again next week on Thursday.

Give the new tips on verbs and go over them. Go over the grammar review answers. Time? Have them try to answer #8 on OVERVIEW. Begin to

discuss modifiers and talk about how they function in sentences as a lead in to next Thursday’s lesson on misplaced modifiers.

Monday = Vocab Test

Thursday March 17th: Day 3

YWBAT:

Identify and correct errors in modification & word order (dangling and misplaced modifiers) ERROR #8.

Do now = Open to the “Grammar” section of your binder and take out the following:

The handout entitled: “Grammar for S.A.T. (usage) Overview” and be sure you have corrected all the errors in #’s 1-8.

Homework # 8 – Read chapter three in Lord of the Flies and complete the discussion preparation handout for tomorrow’s class.

Read chapters four and five over the break.

Name and Date: ____________________________Mrs. DeMella

GRAMMAR ERROR #8

More Practice: Think you understand dangling and misplaced modifiers? Correct as many of the following sentences as you can.

Piled up next to the washer, I began doing the laundry.

While talking on the phone, the doorbell rang.

Standing on the balcony, the ocean view was magnificent.

Running across the floor, the rug slipped and I lost my balance.

While taking out the trash, the sack broke.

I almost listened to the whole album.

The faulty alarm nearly sounded five times yesterday.

I heard that there was a revolution on the evening news.

After years of being lost under a pile of dust, Walter P. Stanley III found all the old records for the Bangor Lion’s Club.

One morning on safari in Africa I shot an elephant in my pajamas before I had eaten my breakfast.

The beautiful young girl was walking the dog in a short skirt, and all the boys were staring.

He nearly ate a whole box of Oreo cookies.

Name and Date: ____________________________________Mrs. DeMella: English 2HERROR #8: GRAMMAR

“Errors in Modification and Word Order – Including Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers”

To modify – (verb) - grammar : to limit or describe the meaning of (a word or group of words) ▪ Adjectives usually modify nouns, and adverbs usually modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. ▪ In the phrase “a red hat,” the adjective “red” modifies the noun “hat.”

Phrases can also be modifiers:

The girl with the long hair is nice. (modifies ‘girl’)The boy in my class is annoying. (modifies ‘boy’)He saw the soldiers coming over the hill. (modifies ‘soldiers’) – This is a participial phrase.

Clauses can also be modifiers:

The witch who turned me into a toad is now married to my prince. (modifies ‘witch’)

RULES:

MODIFIERS SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO THE NEAREST WORD THAT AGREES WITH THE MODIFIER IN NUMBER AND PERSON. When they are too far from the word they modify, ambiguity results. Ambiguity in writing is BAD!!!! Writing should, above all else, be CLEAR.

Examples of MISPLACED MODIFIERS:

Incorrect: Cheung and Martha sat talking about the movie in the office.

Incorrect: They wondered how much the house was really worth when they bought it.

Correct: Cheung and Martha sat in the office talking about the movie.

Correct: When they bought the house, they wondered how much it was really worth.

Incorrect: The dentist instructed him regularly to brush his teeth.

Incorrect: Tom said in the car he had a map of New Jersey.

Correct: The dentist instructed him to brush his teeth regularly.

Correct: Tom said he had a map of New Jersey in the car.

PARTICIPIAL PHRASES AT THE BEGINNING OF A SENTENCE MUST DESCRIBE THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE.

Examples of DANGLING MODIFIERS:

Incorrect: Coming out of context, Peter was startled by Julio’s perceptiveness.

Correct: Julios’ remark, coming out of context, startled Peter with its perceptiveness.LESSON:

Review previous grammatical errors. Go over the practice (if not done last time). Give error #8 in modification notes and go over these. Maybe begin to have them work on the practice.

Thursday March 31st: Day 8

YWBAT …

Avoid errors # 1-9 on your “Grammar for S.A.T. (usage) Overview” handout, including new errors in modification & word order (Error 8), and pronoun usage (error 9).

Do Now:

Take out your handout entitled: “Grammar for S.A.T. (usage) Overview” and look over SAT ERROR 8. Correct them if you have not already done so. Then, complete the following practice:

1) A small book lay on the desk that Sarah had read.

2) Walking through the park, the grass tickled my feet.

LESSON:

Review error 8 (& go over do now) Give packet on error 9 & discuss ambiguous pronouns and do

practice Maybe do the sentences on whiteboard as practice????

Wednesday April 6th: Day 4

YWBAT …

Avoid errors # 1-9 on your “Grammar for S.A.T. (usage) Overview” handout, including new errors in modification & word order (Error 8), and pronoun usage (error 9).

Do Now:

Take out your handout entitled: “Rule 9: Use Pronouns Correctly” and review the short explanation on the front cover. Then, try to correct the sentences below for pronoun errors.

1. The teacher gave the student her notes.

2. Michelle is a shy person, but she keeps it hidden.

3. Fred visited Bob after his graduation.4. Zelda gave her daughter a bike that

she rode constantly.5. This is an amazing lesson! *

The moon, which is full, is lovely.

The moon that is full is lovely.

The Picasso, which was in the hall, was stolen.

The Picasso that was in the hall was stolen.

Lesson:

Instruct them to complete the do now.

Go over the packet (Rule 9) Stop to give and go over the notes on clauses (who, whom, which,

that) Then go over the DO NOW. Then have pairs do the practice at the end of the packet.

If there is extra time they can continue with the other practice/review on errors 1-9.

Correct the following sentences for pronoun errors:

6.The teacher gave the student her notes.7.Michelle is a shy person, but she keeps it

hidden.8.Fred visited Bob after his graduation.9.Zelda gave her daughter a bike that she rode

constantly.10. This is an amazing lesson! *

Monday April 11th: Day 7

YWBAT …

Use your new vocabulary words correctly in sentences.

Avoid errors # 1-9 on your “Grammar for S.A.T. (usage) Overview” handout.

Do Now:

Take out your class work assignments (#1 and #2).

I will check CW # 1 and collect CW #2.

Homework #1 – Grammatical Errors Practice – DUE FRIDAY.

Read chapters 9 & 10 for Thursday’s class.

Name and Date: _______________________________Mrs DeMellaGrammatical Errors 1-9 Practice.HW # ______ Due: ___________

Directions: Each of the sentences (or each group of sentences) on this handout contain one or more errors.

A)Identify the error(s) BY NUMBER.B)Correct the error(s) – You may have to rewrite the entire

sentence in order to do this.

* This includes the directions – identify and correct the error here, too!

1) The young Jewish boy is protected by a kind farmer from the Nazis.

2) My parents do not approve of the man that I am bringing to Thanksgiving dinner as my guest.

3) In this quotation, Morrie was talking about how people should create his or her own culture.

4) As James grew older, he becomes more interested in his racial heritage, however his mother still refuses to discuss his ethnicity.

5) This confusion follows James McBride until he could sort it out.

6) Cars which have hybrid technology get great gas mileage.

7) My mom bought a raincoat that is impervious to rain from Sears.

8) Our teacher is not humane; she grades our work far too harsh. It is really infuriating.

9) Mr. Jones read a story to his son until he fell asleep.

10) The S.S. Officers were packing people into cattle cars that were going to be murdered.

11) The most important relationship one develops in their childhood is the relationship with one’s mother.

LESSON: GROUPS

- Collect CW 2 (Questions on 7 & 8)- Have a student return Freud Stuff while I check off CW 1

- Go over the vocab and have them correct their work. Discuss the words and their usages.

- Then they work on vocab packets (CATCH UP – next time notebook check = half credit if not keeping up), and do the grammar (HW #1 if not done).

Monday May 9th: Day 2

YWBAT …Avoid errors # 1-10 on your “Grammar for S.A.T. (usage) Overview” handout, including errors in pronoun usage (error 9), and errors in parallelism (error 10).

Do Now:

Working with your small group: Look over the DO NOW handout. This was homework # 11 (Given May 11th – I still have it). The errors have been identified. Correct them.

Then, read through the rules for parallelism (error # 10) and do the practice as a group. Turn this in to the substitute (with your name on it) before you leave.

Homework # 4 – Read Macbeth 1.2 and 1.3 and answer the questions. Due Tomorrow!

Name and Date: _______________________________Mrs. DeMellaGrammatical Errors 1-9 Practice.

DO NOW

Directions: Each of the sentences (or each group of sentences) on this handout contain one or more errors.

A)Identify the error(s) BY NUMBER.B)Correct the error(s) – You may have to rewrite the entire

sentence in order to do this.

* This includes the directions – identify and correct the error here, too! - subject verb agreement error!

1) The young Jewish boy is protected by a kind farmer from the Nazis. (passive voice and misplaced modifier – Error 8)

2) My parents do not approve of the man that I am bringing to Thanksgiving dinner as my guest. (pronoun case – Error 4)

3) In this quotation, Morrie was talking about how people should create his or her own culture. (verb tense and pronoun # agreement – Errors 7 and 5)

4) As James grew older, he becomes more interested in his racial heritage, however his mother still refuses to discuss his ethnicity. (verb tense and run-on – Errors 1 and 7)

5) This confusion follows James McBride until he could sort it out. (verb tense and informal voice – Errors 7 and 3)

6) Cars which have hybrid technology get great gas mileage. (pronoun usage error – Error 9)

7) My mom bought a raincoat that is impervious to rain from Sears. (misplaced modifier – Error 8)

8) Our teacher is not humane; she grades our work far too harsh. It is really infuriating. (adj/adv. error and pronoun usage error – ‘It’ – Errors 2 and 9)

9) Mr. Jones read a story to his son until he fell asleep. (ambiguous pronoun – Error 9)

10) The S.S. Officers were packing people into cattle cars that were going to be murdered. (misplaced modifier and pronoun usage error – Error 8)

11) The most important relationship one develops in their childhood is the relationship with one’s mother. (pronoun # agreement error – Error 5)

Name and Date: ______________________________________English 2H: Mrs. DeMellaGrammar: Error 10

Pay Attention to Parallelism: RULE #10

It is often rhetorically effective to use parallel (matching) construction several times in succession, in order to provide emphasis. Of course, this technique is effective only when used sparingly. It is always best to vary sentence length and structure.

Example: As a leader, Lincoln inspired a nation to throw off the chains of slavery; as a philosopher, he proclaimed the greatness of the little man; as a human being, he served as a timeless example of humility. (This example is also an example of anaphora)

Unfortunately, when students attempt to use parallel construction (especially for a series of items), they often succumb to some common grammatical pitfalls.

1) DON’T use parallel structure for dissimilar items:

WRONG: They are sturdy, attractive, and cost only a dollar each.

They are … sturdy. They are … attractive. They are … cost only a dollar each.

CORRECT: They are sturdy and attractive, and they cost only a dollar each.

2) DON’T use parallel structure with different parts of speech in the series. The series must be ALL nouns, ALL adjectives, all infinitives (to go, to be), all gerunds (running, dancing) etc…

WRONG: All students should learn word processing, accounting, and how to program computers.

Word processing (noun/gerund)Accounting (noun/gerund)How to program computers (NOT a noun/gerund )

CORRECT: All students should learn word processing, accounting, and computer programming.

3) DO begin all words or phrases in a series with the same words. The SECOND element in the series determines the form of all the elements after it.

WRONG: He invested his money in stocks, in real estate, and a home for retired performers.

CORRECT: He invested his money in … stocks, real estate, and a home for retired performers. OR He invested his money … in stocks, in real estate, and in a home for retired performers.

PRACTICE: CLASS WORK # 6

Directions: Rewrite each sentence to correct the error in parallelism. Turn this in to the substitute at the end of class.

1. An actor knows how to memorize his lines and getting into character.

2.  Tell me where you were, what you were doing, and your reasons for doing it.

3.  Clark's daily exercises include running, swimming, and to lift weights.

4.  We followed the path through the forest, over the hill, and we went across the river.

5. The writer was brilliant but a recluse.

6. After the party, we want to either go to a movie or the diner.

7. She told Jake to take out the trash, to mow the lawn, and be listening for the phone call.

8.  Marcie studied for the test by reviewing her class notes and she read her textbook.

Tuesday May 17th: Day 8

YWBAT …

Avoid errors # 1-12 on your “Grammar for S.A.T. (usage) Overview” handout, including errors in improper parallelism, errors in shifting of narrative voice, and errors in logical comparison.

Do Now:

Review the handout entitled: “Pay Attention to Parallelism – Rule #10.” It was given to you on May 9th, and you completed the exercise in class. I am returning it to you now.

Homework: Study grammar and vocabulary (including the Macbeth words – although these will not be on the make-up test tomorrow).

Homework 7 – Read Act 2 in Macbeth and complete the packet. Due Thursday.

DON’T SHIFT NARRATIVE VOICE: RULE # 11

1) When writing, choose first, second or third person, and STICK TO IT!!!!

First Person I, We Me, Us My, Mine, Our, Ours

Second Person You You Your, YoursThird Person It, He, She, They,

OneIt, Him, Her, Them, People

Its, His, Hers, Their, Theirs, One’s

WRONG: Just by following the news, you can readily see how politicians have a vested interest

in pleasing powerful interest groups. But one should not generalize about this tendency.

CORRECT: Just by following the news, one can readily see how politicians have a vested

interest in pleasing powerful interest groups. But one should not generalize about this tendency.

PRACTICE:

1) I am disgusted with the waste we tolerate in this country.

One cannot simply stand by with-out adding to such waste:

Living here makes you wasteful.

2) You must take care not to take these grammar rules too

seriously, since one can often become bogged down in

details and forget why he is writing at all.

3) We all must take a stand against waste in this country; else

how will one be able to look oneself in the mirror.

Grammatical Error #12 (last one!)

ERROR IN LOGICAL COMPARISON

I can go to California or Florida. I wonder which is best.

When you are comparing only two things, you should use the comparative form of the adjective, not the superlative:

I wonder which is better.

Comparisons must also be complete and logical.

The rooms on the second floor are larger than the first floor.

It would be a strange building that had rooms larger than an entire floor. Logically, this sentence should be corrected to:

The rooms on the second floor are larger than those on the first floor.

PRACTICE: Find the error in logical comparison AND correct it, OR choose the best answer to correct the sentence (in sentence improvement questions).

1. Unfortunately, some doubt exists whether women’s salaries will ever achieve

A B C

parity with men. D

2. Today, among twentieth-century artists, Salvador Dali’s renown is probably exceeded only by Picasso.

(A) artists, Salvador Dali’s renown is probably exceeded only by Picasso

(B) artists, Salvador Dali is probably exceeded in renown only by Picasso’s

(C) artists, Salvador Dali’s renown is probably exceeded only by Picasso’s

(D) artists, Salvador Dali is only exceeded in renown probably by only Piscasso

(E) artists, Salvador Dali’s renown is only probably exceeded by Picasso’s

3. Veterans of World War II received greater support from the public than the Korean and Vietnam Wars.

(A) than

(B) than did

(C) than did veterans of

(D) than from the support of

(E) than from the

4. The real estate reporter maintained that housing prices in San Francisco were higher than any other city in the country.

(A) higher than any other city

(B) higher than every other city

(C) the highest of those of any other city

(D) higher than those in any other city

(E) higher than any city

5. Although J.R.R. Tolkien and J.K. Rowling are superficially similar authors,

A B

Tolkein possesses the greatest range and sense of history. C D

LESSON:

Return and go over the exercise on parallelism.

Go over error 11 (shifting in narrative voice)

Go over error # 12 (errors in logical comparison)

If time, do the additional practice AND have them work on the overview correcting ALL errors.

Name and Date: ____________________________________Mrs DeMella: English 2HGrammar

Practice: Correct the following sentences, identifying the error.

1. Are Brad Pitt’s parenting skills as bad as Britney Spears?

2. There is no cure; however there is treatment.

3. The temperature tomorrow will be a few degrees hotter than today.

4. The newspaper published a photo of my friend and I.

5. Oprah Winfrey has reportedly signed a deal to write a book about weight loss. Her advance is said to be more than Bill Clinton, who received $12 million for his autobiography My Life.

6. Rachel Weisz gave birth to a baby boy this week, but the excitement surrounding his birth is nothing like Angelina Jolie’s baby girl.

7. At the February meeting we will hold a discussion of the new health plan, whether to revise the procedures manual, and then a draft will be developed of the early retirement policy.

Now, choose:

Who/Whom may I say is calling?

Who/Whom of the candidates do you support?

GRAMMAR FOR SAT (AND STYLE/USAGE) OVERVIEW

Can you correct the mistakes?

1. Fragments and Run-Ons (And correct use of transition words/punctuation)

I did not study, however, I did well.

He did the work. But he still failed.

2. Adjective and Adverb Confusion

I hope you do excellent on the grammar test!

I am doing good.

It is amazing delicious.

She felt badly about her poor behavior.

3. Use of Slang/Colloquialisms/Contractions in formal writing

That teacher sure knows her stuff.

At first he wasn’t really into learning grammar, but eventually he came around.

4. Error in Case of Pronoun

Can you keep this secret between you and I?

John and me went to the store.

It is her.

He is the one who I love.

5. Error in Pronoun Number Agreement

Each of the girls on the team wore their uniform.

Everybody did their work.

6. Subject – Verb Agreement

We was happy yesterday.

The joys of climbing mountains, especially if one is a novice climber, escapes me.

7. Error in Tense of a Verb

Charlie tells Professor Nemur that he had decided to get the surgery.

I found the keys I lost.

We begun to do the work.

8. Error in Modification and Word Order

The two young boys robbed the old lady with a gun.

I saw the fight peeking through the window.

9. Use Pronouns correctly.

The teacher told the student he was lazy.

Both Isabel and Barbara loved her children.

10. Error in Parallelism

Fred likes to swim and candy.

All students should learn word processing, accounting, and how to program computers.

11. Shifting of Narrative Voice

In my lifetime I have seen many challenges to the principle of free speech. We can see how a free society can get too complacent when this freedom is taken for granted. One should always be informed and active about his or her rights!

12. Errors in Logical Comparison

Unfortunately some doubt exists over whether women’s salaries will ever achieve parity with men.

Between chocolate and vanilla I like vanilla best.

Supplemental: Avoid “Wordiness” (this means minimal use of passive voice!!!), and be sure to use correct punctuation, including: Apostrophes, Hyphens and Dashes, Colons, Semi-colons, and Commas. Also, remember to write formal literary essays in present tense .

Wednesday May 18th: Day 1

YWBAT …

Avoid errors # 1-12 on your “Grammar for S.A.T. (usage) Overview” handout, including ‘Error #12’, in logical comparison.

Pass your final grammar test with flying colors.

Do Now:

Sit in a group.

Take out your packet from yesterday and your handout entitled: “Grammar for S.A.T. (usage) Overview”. Finish correcting all the errors in #’s 1-13 and then work with your group to do the practice at the end of yesterday’s handout. They are ALL wrong.

Homework – Grammar Review – Study session offered during lunch on Monday and Tuesday. Test is on Tuesday.

Read Act 2 and complete the packet for tomorrow (HW 7).

Name and Date: _______________________________

English 2H: Final Grammar Review (Class Work)Directions: Correct all of the following sentences. All sentences contain errors.

1. Running down the street, a brick fell on my head.

2. A new survey released by the National Endowment for the Arts that describes a steep downward trend in art consumption by Americans.

3. If it is not raining on Sunday, Sheila and them are going on a picnic in Hyde park.

4. Although Jody Lee primarily illustrates fantasy novels, art critics have found her drawings to be surprising realistic.

5. Ricky wanted to finish his homework, take a walk, and to be in bed by ten o’clock.

6. Successful athletes pay attention to their coaches because they know the value of experience.

7. Anyone seeking to get in shape, regardless of age or ability, can benefit from having a personal trainer show them the best approach.

8. When one drives along the winding roads of the Mendocino coastline, fresh beauties await you at every turn in the road.

9. The piano, although considerably less capable of expressive nuance than many other musical instruments, are marvelously dramatic.

10.Last year, as in years past, the majority of the candidates are dropping out of the race before the election because they no longer had the funds or the will to campaign.

11. Some people look on the cell phone as a pointless luxury; countless others, however, rely on them as a lifeline in emergencies.

12. John’s drumming style is more explosive than Keith.

13. While many cooking experts hold that the only proper way to bake a potato is in a conventional oven, others contend that cooking them in a microwave is a perfectly acceptable alternative.

14. Diabetes can strike anyone, regardless of age, nevertheless many people still make the mistake of considering it a geriatric disease.

15. The Macaroni Penguin, along with the Erect-Crested, Fjordland, Rockhopper, Royal and Snare Island Penguins, have a crest of yellow feathers on their heads.

16. The affects of the storm could be seen for everywhere; nearly everyone seemed to be suffering, accept for a lucky few.

17. In his book on winter sports, the author discusses ice skating, skiing, hockey, and how to fish in an ice covered lake.

18. If we are going to send human beings into space, one must recognize that we are doing it primarily to fulfill the human yearning for adventure.

19. Restrictions on one of the committees that monitors corporate waste disposal were revoked, allowing the committee to levy fines on violators of the disposal laws.

20. Between you and I, this test review is not very difficult.

LESSON:

DO NOW – yesterday’s final practice +

Do a notebook check on ERROR # 8 (given March 17th) Modification and word order notes.

Give Homework Review + 20 minutes (GROUPS).

Go over the review and take questions. Then, give a final review for them to work on for homework (study session with answers on Monday/Tuesday)

Thursday = Work on this + Get the handout with Final exam review and funny grammar rules.

Test Tuesday.

Name & Date: _________________________________________English 2H

Review/At Home Study Sheet: The Exam Tuesday will test the following:

‘No Excuse’ Spelling Words and …

The following grammatical errors/issues:

A) Adjective and adverb confusion. – I am doing good. / It is amazing delicious.

B) Pronoun errors in BOTH case and agreement. – John and me went to the store. / Everyone did their work.

C) Subject verb agreement - We was happy yesterday.

D) Inappropriate usage of slang and colloquialisms. - Lady Macbeth is a freaky chick.

E) Sentences and punctuation errors, including run-ons, fragments, and the correct use of ‘however’ and other connectors. I didn’t do my homework, however, I passed.

F) Errors in the tense/form of a verb. – I found the keys I lost. /He begun to do the work.

G) Errors in modification and word order. - I saw the fight peeking through the window.

H) Incorrect pronoun usage (UNCLEAR who/what antecedent is) – Both Isabel and Barbara loved her children.

I) Parallelism. – Fred likes to swim and candy.

J) Shifting of narrative voice. – It is important that you remember to protect yourself; otherwise one can get in a lot of trouble.

K) Errors in logical comparison – Between chocolate and vanilla I like vanilla best.

Examples/Practice: Identify which of the errors above appears in each of the sentences below, and correct the sentence. Answers are posted on my webpage.

1) Little League programs introduce young people to the concept of team play, teach them sportsmanship, and give them the chance to learn fielding, hitting, and how to pitch.

2) Nowadays airport security guards have the right to search people’s bags who act in a suspicious manner.

3) Although scientists know surprising little about Americans’ favorite stimulant, coffee, they do know that most people do not use it efficiently.

4) Friends of the family constantly remark on the striking resemblance between my daughter and I.

5) By establishing strict rules of hygiene in maternity wards, Ignaz Semmelweis saved many women from dying of childbed fever, this was the fate that many expectant mothers feared.

6) In many states, facility in mathematics and language skills are tested in third grade and eighth grade as well as in high school.

7) Steven King’s novel Pet Sematary was inspired by a misspelled sign on a real pet cemetery near Orrington, where the Kings once are living.

8) We cannot hardly believe how rapidly the population of Columbia County has grown in just the past two decades.

9) I have broken up with my boyfriend, however I have never been happier.

10) . The new vacation resort, featuring tropical gardens and man made lagoons, and overlooks a magnificent white sand beach.

11) Carol is more successful in school than Lydia, but she doesn’t really care.

12) High school students at the beginning of the twenty-first century ate more fast food than the middle of the twentieth century.

13) Because each year our children are spending increasingly more time in front of computer monitors and television screens, you need to limit their viewing hours and encourage them to go outdoors and play.

14) Medical studies are providing increasing evidence that alternative therapies are beneficial, and patients are gradually demanding it.

Name and Date: _________________________________

Part One:

Directions: Each of the following rules breaks itself . Correct them all.

HUMOROUS GRAMMAR RULES

1. Verbs HAS to agree with their subjects.

2. Never use a preposition to end a sentence with. Winston Churchill, corrected on this error once, responded to the young man who corrected him by saying "Young man, that is the kind of impudence up with which I will not put!

3. And don't start a sentence with a conjunction.

4. It is wrong to ever split an infinitive.

5. Avoid cliches like the plague. (They're old hat.)

6. Also, always avoid annoying alliteration.

7. Be more or less specific.

8. Parenthetical remarks (however relevant) are (usually) unnecessary.

9. Also too, never, ever use repetitive redundancies endlessly over and over again

10. No sentence fragments.

11. Contractions aren't always necessary and shouldn't be used to excess so don’t.

12. Foreign words and phrases are not always apropos.

13. Do not be redundant; do not use more words than necessary; it's highly superfluous and can be excessive

14. All generalizations are bad.

15. Comparisons are as bad as cliches.

16. Don't use no double negatives.

17. Avoid excessive use of ampersands & abbrevs., etc.

18. One-word sentences? Eliminate.

19. Analogies in writing are like feathers on a snake (Unless they are as good as gold).

20. The passive voice is to be ignored.

21. Eliminate commas, that are, not necessary. Parenthetical words, however, should be enclosed in commas.

22. Never use a big word when substituting a diminutive one would suffice.

23. Don’t overuse exclamation points!!!

24. Use words correctly, irregardless of how others use them.

25. Understatement is always the absolute best way to put forth earth-shaking ideas

26. Use the apostrophe in it's proper place and omit it when its not needed and use it correctly with words’ that show possession.

27. Don’t use too many quotations. As Ralph Waldo Emerson said, "I hate quotations.. Tell me what you know."

28. If you've heard it once, you've heard it a billion times: Resist hyperbole; not one writer in a million can use it correctly. Besides, hyperbole is always overdone, anyway.

29. Puns are for children, not groan readers.

30. Go around the barn at high noon to avoid colloquialisms.

31. Even IF a mixed metaphor sings, it should be derailed.

32. Who needs rhetorical questions? However, what if there were no rhetorical questions?

33. Exaggeration is a billion times worse than understatement.

34. Avoid "buzz-words"; such integrated transitional scenarios complicate simplistic matters

35. People don’t spell "a lot" correctly alot of the time.

36. Each person should use their possessive pronouns correctly

37. All grammar and spelling rules have exceptions (with a few exceptions)....Morgan’s Law.

38. Proofread carefully to see if you any words out.

39. The dash – a sometimes useful punctuation mark – can often be overused – even though it’s a helpful tool some of the time.

40. Proofread carefully to make sure you don’t repeat repeat any words.

41. In writing, it’s important to remember that dangling sentences.

41. When numbering in a written document, check your numbering system carefully.