Name:____________________________________________ Period:__________

BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW PACKETSCIENTIFIC INQUIRY 1.

Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower

with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower.

 

a. What was Homer’s initial observation?

b. Write an official hypothesis for Homer.

Identify the:

c. Control Group:___________________________

d. Experimental Group:_____________________

e. Independent Variable:____________________

f. Dependent Variable:_____________________

g. What should Homer’s conclusion be?

 

2. Which part of the scientific method involves making inferences? ______________

3. Describe the function of an objective on a microscope. What would be the total magnification if using a 10X ocular with a 20X objective?

0

Scientific Inquiry Vocabulary Review: Match the word with the definition.

Hypothesis________Control Group______Independent Variable_______Dependent Variable________Theory_________

CHEMISTRY 4. Arrange the following terms in order from smallest and simplest to largest and most

complex: macromolecule, cell, atom, organelle, proton, tissue.

5. The term “organic” refers to molecules that contain _________________.6. Fill in the following chart on organic macromolecules:

Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acids Lipids

Monomer

Examples

Function

7. What type of macromolecule is shown to the right?

1

Using the microscope:Which objective is always utilized first to bring objects into focus? ______________

Which adjustor is used while in high power? ___________________________

Which objective should be in place to store the microscope? ____________________

Should specimens be thick or thin for optimum viewing? ___________________

What does the letter “E” look like under a microscope? ________________________

a. A well supported explanation that is based on repeated experimentation, but is not provenb. A testable statement that relies on information gathered from an observation and inferencec. A variable in an experiment that the scientist observes for a change/reactiond. A variable or group in an experiment that remains that same e. A variable in an experiment that the scientist deliberately changes

8. If you add a drop of iodine to a food and it turns black what type of organic molecule does it contain?

9. To which category of macromolecules/organic molecules do enzymes belong?

Do they speedup or slow down reactions?

10. Label the enzyme and the substrate.

11. Can the enzyme be reused? ___________

Use the diagram above to answer questions 12-14.12. What is the optimal temperature of Enzyme B from the graph

above? _______________

13. What happens to enzyme A at a temp greater than 38o C? ________________________

14. Why do reactions slow down at cooler temperatures? ____________________________

Use the pH scale below to answer the questions in the box.

2

Chemistry Vocabulary Review: Match the word to its definition.

Element _________Atom __________Compound _________Molecule _________Carbohydrate ________Lipid _________Protein __________Nucleic Acid _______pH Scale ________Activation Energy ______Polymer ________Monomer ________Enzyme __________Substrate _________Active Site _________Reactant ________Product _________

CELLS15. Complete the Venn diagram

prokaryotic cells eukaryotic cells.

3

Which number(s) represent an acid?

Which number(s) represent a base?

Which number(s) represent a neutral solution?

Tomato juice is an: acid or base?

Soapy water is an: acid or base?

a. What is made during a chemical reaction, to the right of the equationb. The necessary energy to start a reactionc. Site on an enzyme that binds to the substrate and triggers a reactiond. The molecule to which an enzyme binds and acts upone. A type of protein that breaks down compounds and speeds up reactionsf. What is needed for a chemical reaction, to the left of the equationg. Used to identify acids and basesh. A substance made of many partsi. Makes up a polymerj. Organic compound, DNA and RNAk. Organic compound, used for repair and growthl. Organic compound, used for long term energy, example is waxm. Organic compound, used for short term energy, example is starchn. The smallest unit of a compoundo. Chemical substance made of 2 or more elements/atomsp. Smallest unit of an elementq. Basic building block of matter. Cannot be broken down

16. Label the parts of the following bacterial cell: DNA, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, ribosome. Draw a flagellum.

What is the process shown above called?

17. Label the parts listed in #18 on the following animal cell..

18. What is the function of the following organelles:a. Plasma Membrane_________________________________________________________

b. Mitochondrion_____________________________________________________________

c. Chloroplast________________________________________________________________

d. Lysosome__________________________________________________________________

e. Vacuole___________________________________________________________________

f. Ribosome__________________________________________________________________

g. Nucleus___________________________________________________________________

h. Endoplasmic Reticulum_____________________________________________________

i. Golgi Apparatus____________________________________________________________

j. Cell wall___________________________________________________________________19. Write “Prok” next to the items that are found in prokaryotic cells (#18).

4

20. Write “Plant” next to the items that are found in plant cells, but not animal cells. (#18)

21. Label the parts of the plant cell.

22. Cell Differentiation: Label the cell type and function.

Cell Structure

Cell Type muscleFunction

HOMEOSTASIS & TRANSPORT 23. Cell Surface to Volume Ratio: Which grows more rapidly, volume or surface area?

5

24. To maintain life, and carry-out cellular functions, materials must be able to move into and out of the cell and to move within the cell. What might be the advantage of having a large surface area? ________________________________________________________________________________

25. What might be the disadvantage of having a large volume?__________________________________________________________________

26. In the diagram below what type of organic molecule is the receptor?

Label the phospholipids, include hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

27. Label endocytosis and exocytosis in the diagram below.

28.

Passive Transport

Active Transport Diffusion Osmosis

6

Energy Required?

With or Against Concentration Gradient?What moves: water or particles?

29. Why does the change in the diagram below occur?

What type of transport does this involve?

30. If the Xs in the diagram to the right represent the concentration of salt, which way will water move?

What will happen to the size of the cell as a result?

31. Does the concentration of solutes in a cell that is isotonic to its environment differ from that of its environment?

32. What would happen to an animal cell that is hypertonic to its environment?

33. What would happen to a plant cell that is hypotonic to its environment?

34. How would the mass of a potato slice change if it was soaked in a hypertonic solution?

35. How would the mass of a potato slice change if it was soaked in a hypotonic solution?

36. Passive Transport Active Transport

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37. Label and describe the steps of the cell cycle including mitosis (note the # of chromosomes).

What is the acronym for mitosis? What does each letter stand for?

38. What is cancer? What are some possible causes?

Cell Vocabulary Review: Match the definition with the word.

Prokaryote _________Eukaryote_________Organelle_________Passive Transport_________Active Transport_________Diffusion_________Osmosis_________Cancer_________Mitosis_________Prophase_________Metaphase_________Anaphase_________ Telophase_________

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a. A cell that does not have a nucleus, example: bacteriab. Stage of cell cycle that consists of cell growthc. Process of making 2 new identical cellsd. Any cell containing a true nucleus, example: humanse. Little organs, perform specific functions in a cellf. A form of passive transport, moves WATER across a selectively permeable membraneg. A form of passive transport, moves particles from areas of high concentration to low concentrationh. A movement of materials in or out of a cell, against concentration gradient, energy is neededi. Movement of materials in or out of a cell, goes with concentration gradient, no energyj. Uncontrolled cell divisionk. Cytoplasm dividing l. Chromosomes duplicate, spindles form, nuclear envelope goes awaym. Nuclear envelope reappears, spindles go away, cleavage furrow appearsn. Chromosomes separateo. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Cytokinesis_________Interphase_________

ENERGY IN A CELLCHAPTER 9 39. In which organelle is ATP made?

40. How does ATP release energy?

41. Which has the most stored energy; ATP, ADP, AMP? Why?

42.

Process Reactants Products Organelle StagesPhotosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

43. If a person is exercising and not taking enough oxygen to power the exercise, what does their body do to get the energy needed?

44. What are two types of anaerobic respiration?

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis:

Graph of Factor Independent Variable (x axis) Rate change description

9

Light intensity

Rate of photosynthesis increases with increasing

light intensity, but plateaus once the light reaches a certain intensity because

the plant can’t photosynthesize any faster.

Energetics Vocabulary Review: Match the definition to the word.

ATPAerobic respiration _______Anaerobic respiration_______Alcoholic fermentation _______Photosynthesis_______Cellular Respiration_______Lactic acid fermentation _______Cellular respiration formula_______Photosynthesis formula _______

GENETICS45. Which of the following 2 diagrams shows mitosis?

10

a. Form of anaerobic respiration that produces acid which causes muscle fatigueb. Form of chemical energy for all cellsc. Producing chemical energy with oxygen by breaking down sugard. Cells releasing energy by breaking down sugar to make energye. Producing ATP without oxygen by breaking down glucosef. Forms of anaerobic respiration that produces alcohol as a byproduct, yeast does thisg. General term for the process of plant cells to make energy

h. i. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

46. Which shows meiosis?

47. Mitosis Meiosis

Change in Chromosome ## of Divisions# of Cells ProducedType of Cells ProducedAsexual or Sexual

48. What is another name for the germ cells produced at the end of the process shown below? (left)

49. What process is being shown in the diagram above to the right?

50. True or False? The process above decreases genetic diversity. What is this process called?

51.Type of Reproduction Examples Advantages DisadvantagesAsexual

Sexual

52. Which diagram below shows nondisjunction?

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53. Define or describe the following terms: (You may place a check next to 7 of the terms that you are very sure of & don’t wish to write out.)

a. Phenotype: _____________________________________________________________________

b. Genotype: ______________________________________________________________________

c. Dominant: _____________________________________________________________________

d. Recessive:______________________________________________________________________

e. Homozygous: ___________________________________________________________________

f. Heterozygous:___________________________________________________________________

g. Haploid: _______________________________________________________________________

h. Diploid:________________________________________________________________________

i. Complete Dominance:___________________________________________________________

j. Incomplete Dominance:__________________________________________________________

k. Multiple Alleles:________________________________________________________________

l. Fertilization:____________________________________________________________________

m. Polygenic Traits:________________________________________________________________

n. Sex linked traits (give an example) :_____________________________________________

Why are males more likely to have this trait? ____________________________________

o. Co-dominant (give an example) :__________________________________________________

p. Test Cross:_____________________________________________________________________

q. Independent Assortment:________________________________________________________

54. Complete Dominance : Tall is dominant to short in pea plants. Cross a heterozygous tall pea plant

with a short one, what are the expected genotype and phenotype ratio’s of the offspring?

Genotype Ratio :

Phenotype Ratio:

12

BA

55. Incomplete Dominance : Cross a pink four o’clock Japanese flower with a pure red one. What are the parental genotypes? What colors are the offspring? State the predicted genotype and phenotype ratios.

Genotype Ratio :

Phenotype Ratio:

56. Multiple Alleles : Cross a homozygous A blood type woman with a man who is heterozygous B type. What are the parental genotypes? State the predicted genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring.

Genotype Ratio :

Phenotype Ratio:

57.GENETIC DISORDER MODE OF INHERITANCE SYMPTOMS

Cystic fibrosis

Tay Sachs disease

PKU

Sickle Cell Anemia

Down syndrome

Hemophilia

Huntington’s disease

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58. For which disorder in the chart is being heterozygous an advantage (underline it)? Why? What does it provide protection against?

59. Give an example describing how the environment affects gene expression (consider diabetes, sickle cell anemia, skin caner, lung cancer, PKU)?

60. What sex chromosomes does a human male have?

61. What disease is shown in the karyotype?

62. Is the person from the karyotype male or female?

63. The pedigree below shows the inheritance of PKU. Shade in half of each shape that represents a heterozygous individual.

64. What is the most likely mode of inheritance for the disorder tracked below? Explain.

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Genetics Vocabulary Review: Match the term to its definition.

Meiosis ________Daughter cells________Crossing over________Gamete________Gene________Allele________Carrier________Genotype________Phenotype________Punnett square________Pedigree________Co-dominance________Incomplete dominance________Sex-linked trait________Nondisjunction________Independent assortment________Karyotype ________

Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 65.

Nucleotide Characteristics DNA RNA Base Pairing Rules

Type of Sugar

15

a. Process of making gametes, 4 genetically different cells from one parent cell, occurs in 2 phasesb. Segment of repeating nucleotides in DNA that codes for a traitc. Alternative form of a gene located at a specific point on a chromosomed. A diagram used to predict the outcome of certain individuals based on a traite. Both alleles show dominance (red + white = red and white spotted)f. Individual who has an allele for a recessive trait, but does not express it because the dominant one overrules g. Genetic make up of a traith. Physical appearance of a traiti. Diagram showing a relationship within a familyj. Picture of chromosomesk. Neither allele is dominant over the other, blending (white + red = pink)l. Occurs when chromosomes fail to separate, causes genetic disordersm. Law that states that alleles can appear in any combination regardless of other traitsn. Trait carried on the X chromosomeo. Cells that are formed as a result of a parent dividing to make new cellsp. Occurs in prophase 1, genes are exchanged between 2 chromosomes, leads to genetic variety q. Sex cell (sperm or egg)

Single Stranded or Double Stranded

Location in Cell

How to Make More

66. Label the following on the diagram below: nitrogen base, deoxyribose, phosphate, hydrogen bond, covalent bond. Also circle 1 nucleotide on the molecule.

Write in the complementary bases.

What is the function of the DNA molecule?

67. Color the original strands blue and the new strands red. What is the term for how DNA replicates?

16

68.

Replication Transcription TranslationPurpose

Nucleic Acid(s) InvolvedLocation in Cell

69. Transcribe the following strand of DNA: T A C A G G G C C A T G.

70. Use the chart below to translate the mRNA strand you created above.

71. What are mutations?

72. True or False? Mutations in body cells are passed along to the offspring.

73. On each chromosome draw or circle the labeled mutation

17

Protein Synthesis involves 2 Parts =

____________________ + __________________

Name the bond that holds amino acids together: _________________________________

Define Polypeptide:

Polypeptide=

_________-_________-_________-_________

74. Why was the human genome project established?

75. Describe how cloning and genetic therapy can be used for medical advancement.

76. Bacteria with human insulin genes are an example of transgenic organisms used in modern medicine. Give another example of the transgenic organism for each of the following categories:

a. Medicine:

b. Agriculture:

c. Industry:

77. Superman is married to Lois Lane and they have a young son named Johnny. Lately Superman has begun noticing something is amiss with Johnny because he can find his way in the dark and he has a tendency to hang upside down from light fixtures or dark corners of the ceiling. Superman begins to suspect that Lois may have had a fling with her old boyfriend, Batman.

Superman gets a court order for a blood sample from himself, Lois, Batman and Johnny. The DNA in each blood sample is amplified (increased is quantity via PCR). The DNA in each blood sample is then cut using restriction enzymes and the DNA fragments are placed in separate wells on a gel in an electrophoresis chamber. After an electrical current has been run through the gel, you, the famous paternity judge, view the evidence on the DNA electrophoresis gel (See diagram to the right). Who is the father of Johnny?

The fragments on Johnny's profile should be a mixture of the profiles of his 2 parents.

Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Vocabulary Review:

18

a. deoxyribonucleic acid, contains all hereditary informationb. monomer of a nucleic acid, made of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen basec. the form of DNA coiled and packed in the nucleusd. ribonucleic acid, carries the message of DNAe. make up the internal structure of DNA/RNA, ex: adeninef. 3 mRNA nucleotides in sequence to code for 1 amino acidg. occurs when a nucleotide is inserted/deleted in the coding region of a geneh. occurs when one base pair in the DNA is replaced by anotheri. occurs from a change in a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence of a genej. molecules that are assembled into proteins at the ribosomes, monomers of proteinsk. process of assembling amino acids into proteins from RNA, occurs at ribosomel. molecule that bonds with the amino acids and transfers them to ribosomesm. making mRNA from DNAn. site of protein synthesiso. 3 nucleotides that pair up with the mRNA codonp. ribosomeq. method used to separate proteins by size and charger. an individual's unique sequence of DNA base pairs, determined by exposing a sample of the person's DNAs. any of a group of enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites to produce fragments

DNA _____RNA_____Nucleotide_____Chromatin/chromosomes_____Nitrogen bases_____mRNA _____tRNA _____rRNA _____Transcription_____Translation_____Codon_____Anti-codon_____Amino acid_____Point mutation_____Substitution mutation_____Frameshift mutation_____ Gel electrophoresis _____Restriction enzyme_____DNA fingerprint_____

EVOLUTION

78.

Abiogenesis Biogenesis

79. What did Redi conclude from his experiment (below left)?

19

80. What did Pasteur conclude from his experiment (above right)?

81. Who performed the experiment shown to the right?

82. What was the outcome of the experiment?

83. Put the list of organisms from the table in order from those that evolved first to last.Cell Type Order of EvolutionAnaerobic Heterotrophic Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Photosynthetic Prokaryotes

84. Describe the endosymbiotic theory?

85. What can you conclude about the fossils found in layer M compared to those in layer I?

20

Term DefinitionFossil

Relative Dating

Absolute/Radiometric Dating

86. Charles Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection to explain evolution consists of six criteria. Describe the following terms:

a. Overproduction:

b. Competition:

c. Variation:

d. Adaptation:

e. Natural Selection:

f. Speciation:

87. Evidence of Evolution Description Example

Fossils

Homologous structures

Analogous structures

Vestigial structures

Biochemistry

Embryology

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Isolation

Geographic: Reproductive:

88. Describe the following patterns of evolution:

89. What pattern of evolution occurred in the following birds? Why? (below left)

90. Fill in the graphic organizer.

91. How can natural selection create the following?Pesticide Resistance Antibiotic Resistance

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Patterns of Evolution

Divergent Evolution ConvergentEvolution

Adaptive Radiation

Which animals from the left share evolutionary ancestry?

What type of evidence is this?

Which animals have a similar feature but do not share a common evolutionary ancestry?

What type of evidence is this?

92. What do all primates have in common?

93. Fill in the graphs correctly.

Stabilizing Directional Disruptive

Evolution Vocabulary Review: Match the definition with its term.

Natural selection _______Charles Darwin________Biogenesis________Abiogenesis_________Co-evolution_________Divergent evolution_________Convergent evolution________Adaptive radiation_________Homologous structures________ Vestigial organs_________Stabilizing selection________Directional selection_________Disruptive selection_________Carolus Linnaeus__________Binomial nomenclature_______Classification_________Dichotomous key_________Cladogram________Phyogenic tree _________

23

a. a diagram beginning with a common ancestor, shows evolutionary history of a species b. survival of the fittest, leads to evolutionc. the man who voyaged to the Galapagos and developed the idea of natural selectiond. a diagram beginning with an outgroup organism, shows relationships based on derived traitse. structures that originate from the same type of tissue buy may be used differently in different organismsf. life comes from pre-existing lifeg. occurs when 2 or more populations evolve togetherh. the father of modern classification, developed binomial nomenclaturei. a multi step tool used to identify a species based on physical characteristics j. favors the average phenotype in a populationk. life comes from non-matter, falsel. occurs when 2 species evolve to be more and more different over timem. system of placing organisms in groups based on similarities, KPCOFGSo. organ that once may had a function but has evolved to be uselessp. occurs when a species evolves into many new species in a short amount of timeq. occurs when different species develop similar traits for similar functionsr. favors one extreme phenotypes. favors both extreme phenotypest. the system of naming organisms based on their scientific genus and species

Unity and Diversity of Life

Aristotle Linnaeus

What do modern taxonomists consider when classifying living organisms?

94. What characteristics do the salamander and the turtle share?

95. What characteristic does the turtle possess that the salamander doesn’t?

96. According to the phylogenictree, is the lizard more closelyrelated to the crocodile or snake?

97. Which two animals on thephylogenic tree are least closely related?

98. Which organism is the most primitive?

24

99. Relationships using Classification: According to the classification table below, what is the most specific taxonomic level that all three animals have in common?

100. To which family do cottontails belong?

101. Which two animals are most closely related? _______________ & __________________

Level Jackrabbit Cottontail Alpine Pika

Domain Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia

Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata

Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia

Order Lagomorpha Lagomorpha Lagomorpha

Family Leporidae Leporidae Ochotinidae

Genus Lepus Sylvilagus Ochotona

Species californicus Floridanus alpina

The following is a complete listing of a lion: Eukaryote, Animalia; Chordata; Mammalia; Carnivora; Felidae, Panthera leo102. To what family do lions belong? To what order? To what genus?

___________________ ___________________ ___________________

103. Dichotomous Key: Utilize the dichotomous key to identify the following.

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton ………go to step 2 b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton ……….go to step 3

25

2. a. body has a round shape ………Coccinella septempunctata b. body has an elongated shape ………. Melanoplus ponderosus3. a. wings point out from the side of the body ……….Ophiogomphus susbehcha b. wings point to the posterior of the body ………Musca domestica

104. Complete the following table:

KingdomCell Type

(prokaryotic or eukaryotic)

Number of Cells(unicellular or multicellular)

Nutrition(autotrophic or hetrotrophic)

Example

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

105. Why aren’t viruses on the chart above?

106. What do viruses and bacteria have in common? What are their differences?

107. What is a vaccine?

108. Label the following on the virus to the left: nucleic acid, envelope, and capsid.

(Note: Viruses can take on a wide variety of shapes.) What produces this difference? What is the significance of these structures?

PLANTS109. Write out the photosynthesis equation. Then circle the necessary materials (reactants) and

underline the two main products of the equation.

110. Explain how each reactant of photosynthesis gets into the leaf.

111. In what form do plants store the glucose that they produce?

26

112. List the following plant adaptations in the order that they evolved: seeds, flowers, vascular tissue.

Term Description

Vascular

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

Seed

Spore

113. Label the cross-section of the leaf.

114. What is the benefit of root hairs on the root of a plant?

115. Compare seeds vs. spores.

116. Provide the functions of the following:

a. leaf mesophyll:

27

b. xylem:

c. phloem:

d. guard cells:

e. stomata:

117. The diagram to the right is a _______________.

118. What process takes place in this structure?

119. Label where (A) light dependent reactions and (B) light-independent reactions take place

120. What vocabulary term describes a plant’s response to external stimuli?Specifically: Light?

Touch? Gravity?

121. What is the function of a flower?

122. What is the function of the petals?

123. What is the function of the sepals?

124. Label the parts of the flower.

125. Where is pollen produced?

126. Where is the pollen received?

127. What is the female reproductive structure of the flower?

128. What is the male reproductive structure of the flower?

129. What characteristics must a flower have in order for wind pollination to occur?

130. On the diagram below, circle the part of the pistil where pollination occurs. Put a square where fertilization occurs.

131. In many flowers a mature ovary becomes a ________,

while the fertilized ovules become ________________.

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Plant Vocabulary Review: Match the definition to the term.Nonvascular Plant _______Gymnosperm ________ Angiosperm ________Xylem ________Phloem _________ Vascular Plant _______

ANIMALS132. Give the common name or example for each invertebrate phylum.

a. Porifera b. Cnidaria

c. Platyhelminthes d. Nematoda

e. Mollusca f. Annelida

g. Arthropoda h. Echinodermata

133. Describe the major classes of vertebrates (from the Phylum Chordata) that we discussed in class.a. Fish;

b. Amphibia:

c. Reptilia:

d. Aves:

e. Mammalia:

29

a. Plants that have vascular tissue to absorb nutrients, apple treeb. Plants that lack vascular tissue to absorb nutrients, mossesc. Vascular tissue that transports sugar and other dissolved nutrients throughout a plantd. Vascular tissue that transports water from the roots to the stem/leavese. Vascular plants that produce conesf. Vascular plants that produce flowers and fruits (seed contains ovary)

Animal Vocabulary Review: Match the term to its definition.

Bacteria ______Protists ______Annelids _______Insect ________Amphibian ________Mammal _______ Vertebrate ______Invertebrate _____

Animal Behavior134. What is the difference between innate and learned behavior?

135. What is a benefit of territoriality?

136. What is a circadian rhythm?

137. What is a form of learning in which an animal forms a social attachment to another object during a critical period?

138. Taxis is an animal’s direct movement to or away from a stimulus. Describe the movement of an animal that demonstrates positive phototaxis.

139. Give an example of classical conditioning.

140. Give an example of a courtship behavior.

141. Give an example of trial and error learning.

142. What are pheromones?

Animal Behavior Vocabulary Review:

Innate Behavior _________ Learned Behavior _________Social Behavior ________Habituation ________Taxis __________

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a. Endothermic vertebrate that gives birth and feeds offspring milk, internal fertilizationb. prokaryotic, single-celled organisms, often aid in decomposition and digestion, can cause infectionsc. ectothermic invertebrate with six appendages and three body segmentsd. eukaryotic organism, classified as plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-likee. ectothermic vertebrate that thrives both in water and land, external fertilizationf. Without a back bone g. With a back bone

a. behavior that is acquired through experienceb. instinctive behavior that species are born with (imprinting)c. behavior among members of the same species (courtship, terrestrial, aggressive) d. instinctively moving away or towards a stimulus e. ignoring a signal after repeated harmless stimulus

HUMAN BIOLOGY

143. Which system of the body allows you to respond to your environment through the use of your 5 senses?

144. Which system of the body uses enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids so that your body can use them?

145. Which system of the body fights foreign invaders?

146. Which system of the body contains hormones that help to regulate homeostasis?

147. What is the benefit of having a heart with four chambers?

148. Does a red blood cell have a nucleus? Why is it beneficial for it to be flat?

149. What is the difference between internal and external fertilization?

150. In humans, where does meiosis take place in a male? in a female?

151. Where, in the female reproductive system, does fertilization take place?

152. Factor Body response to achieve homeostasis

Temperature

pH

Glucose levels

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Water balance

153. Describe the hormone released, target organ, and the effect on blood sugar levels (p. 932)

154. How does the large surface area of gills and inside lungs benefit the animals?

155. Based on optimal pHs of chymotrypsin and pepsin which is found in the stomach?

32

1. Blood glucose levels high because of a meal.

2. Pancreas receives message.

3.__________________________________________________________________________4. Blood glucose levels low because no meal.

5. Pancreas receives message.

6.__________________________________________________________________________What type of feedback system is represented here? _________________________

156. Immune System Term

Definition

T- cells

B-cells

Antibodies

Antigens

Memory B-cells

Passive Immunity

Active Immunity

Vaccine

33

Human Body Vocabulary Review:

Virus __________T-Cells ________B-Cells ________Streptococcus ________Influenza _________Hormones _________Digestive system _______Circulatory system ______Nervous system _______Muscular system _______Reproductive system _______Immune system ________Skeletal system ________

ECOLOGY

157. Describe the following levels of organization used by ecologists.a. Biosphere-

b. Ecosystem-

c. Community-

d. Population-

e. Organism-

158. How do abiotic factors influence biotic factors?

159. Define and give examples of each type of symbiotic relationship listed in the chart.Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism

Examples: Examples:

Endo:Ex:_____________________________Ecto:Ex:

160. What type of symbiosis do we have with bacteria that live in our intestines?

34

a. non-living pathogen that causes harmful conditions Ex: flub. grouping of bacteria, causes strep throatc. lymphocytes in the immune system, kill infected cellsd. common virus strain that causes the flue. system of the body that ingests nutrients d. system of the body that provides supporte. system of the body that helps regulate and pump bloodf. system of the body that includes brain, spinal cord, nervesg. lymphocytes in immune system, have memoryh. system of the body that helps protect cellsi. system of the body used for locomotion and protection of bonesj. system of the body that includes organs for reproduction

weasels

161. Use the food web above to help complete the chart.Description Examples from food web

Herbivore

Omnivore

Carnivore

Decomposer

162. List 1 organism from the food web which acts s a 2nd level and 3rd level consumer.

163. Describe the effect on the food web if spiders were eliminated unnaturally?

164. The following is a trophic level diagram. Give two possible organisms that would fit in each level.

165. a. Which of the organisms you listed in the trophic level diagram are producers?

35

b. Which of the organisms you listed in the trophic level diagram are consumers?

c. Why is the top layer smallest?

166. Which of the organisms in the trophic level diagram are predators, and which are the prey? Can an organism be both?

167. What happens to the amount of energy passed on to

each level as you move up the pyramid?

168. Why are producers the foundation of the energy pyramid shown to the right?

169. Review the following cycles:

Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle

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CO2 released in the atmosphere by the burning of ________________ _________.

Plants make _________ during photosynthesis which contains the element_________.

In order to get ATP from the sugars produced by plants, both plants and animals release CO2 into the atmosphere by ________________________________.

CO2 consumed by plants for _______________

Carbon Cycle Phosphorus cycle

169. Carbon Cycle: Fill in the blanks.

170. If you placed a plant and animal in a fish tank what would happen to the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide? Explain.

COMMUNITIES & BIOMES171. How does predation benefit a community of organisms?

172. Describe primary succession. (Include information on pioneer species.)

173. Describe secondary succession.

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POPULATIONS 174.

175. Which population (A, B, C, D, or E) had reached a relatively stable population close to its carrying capacity?

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Limiting Factors:

Density-Dependent: Density-Independent:

Examples: Examples:

176. Explain what causes the fluctuations in populations in the graphs shown below:

Predator-Prey Relationships

Sample Age Structure Graphs:

Label the following age structure graphs: rapid, stable, slow growth. Give an example of a country that might fit that growth pattern: United States, Italy, Kenya

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176. What are some factors that affect human mortality rate?

177. Label the pictures below with the term that is best describes.

Terms: Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism

Mosquito and human bee and flower whale and barnacles ________________ _____________________ _____________________Ecology Vocabulary Review: Match the term to the definition

Mutualism _______Commensalism _______Parasitism ________ Predation _______Density-dependent factor ________Density-independent factor ________Carrying capacity _______Exponential growth _______Logistic growth _______ Producer _______Consumer ______Trophic level _______Sustainable practice _______Niche ________

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a. organisms role in an environmentb. a type of symbiosis in which both species benefitc. environmentally safe practices that promote conservationd. a type of symbiosis in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped or harmede. organism that must get food energy from other sourcesf. a type of symbiosis in which one species benefits and the other is harmedg. population growth exhibited when a population’s resources run out and growth slows/stops (S shape)h.Organism that makes food i. One organism hurts and kills another for foodj. A factor affecting an ecosystem relative to size (ex: space/food)k. the maximum number of organisms an environment can support due to available resources l. level or step in a food chain or webm. population growth exhibited when a population has unlimited resources and is free to reproduce (J shape)

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY & CONSERVATION178. Describe the threats below which are impacted by human population growth:

Threat Cause Possible ResultsIncreased greenhouse effect

Thinning ozone layer

Acid Rain

Habitat destruction

Introduction of non-native (exotic) species

Depletion of natural resources

Deforestation

Pesticide use

Bioaccumulation / biomagnification

179.Description Example

Sustainable Resources

Non-sustainable Resources

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