Weather and Climate (pp. 36 – 39)Section 2.1

Definitions

Electromagnetic waves

Radiation

Infrared radiation

Ultraviolet radiation

Scattering

Greenhouse effect

Weather and Climate (pp. 36 – 39)Section 2.1

The following diagram shows a wave. Label one crest and one trough. Then, show two ways to measure wavelength.

Look at the following diagram and answer the questions .

What color visible electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength? Which color has the longest wavelength?

Which color visible electromagnetic radiation has the smallest frequency? Which has the greatest frequency?

How are the wavelength and frequency related?

Weather and Climate (pp. 36 – 39)Section 2.1

Discussion

Name a type of radiation has wavelengths that are shorter than visible light.

List three forms of radiation that come from the sun.

What happens to most of the sunlight that reaches Earth?

Why are sunsets red?

What happens to energy from the sun that is absorbed by Earth’s surface?

Weather and Climate (pp. 36 – 39)Section 2.1

Human beings on our planet, and even Earth itself, radiate energy most strongly in the infrared at a wavelength of about 10 microns. The image below shows what Earth would look like from space if you had infrared eyes. Clouds appear dark because they absorb much of the infrared radiation given off by the surface of Earth.

Weather and Climate (pp. 42 – 45)Section 2.2

Definitions

Thermal Energy

Thermometer

Heat

Conduction

Convection

Convection currents

Weather and Climate (pp. 42 – 45)Section 2.2

Discussion

A pail of water is the same temperature as a lake. Compare the amount of thermal energy of the water in the lake and the water in the pail.

How do the three types of heat transfer work together to heat the troposphere? You may write words or draw a picture to answer this question.

What is the major way that heat is transferred in the troposphere?

Explain how a hawk or eagle can sometimes soar upward without flapping its wings.

Weather and Climate (pp. 42 – 45)Section 2.2

Calculations

The formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius is C = 5/9 (F – 32)If you had a Fahrenheit Temperature reading how would you convert it to Celsius?If you had a Celsius Temperature reading how would you convert it to Fahrenheit?

Fill in the following Table

What temperature was measured? DegreesFahrenheit

DegreesCelsius

Does it feel hot, warm, cool, or cold?

Air Outside the House 50

Air Inside the House 5

Water in a Pool 30

Water in a Pool 35

Coca Cola 68

Coca Cola 113

The Human Body 40

Challenge: What temperature in BOTH Celsius and Fahrenheit do the following occur:

Boiling Water: Freezing Water

Condensation of Water: Melting Water

Weather and Climate (pp. 46 – 52)Section 2.3

Definitions

Wind

Anemometer

Wind-chill factor

Local winds

Sea breeze

Land breeze

Weather and Climate (pp. 46 – 52)Section 2.3

Global winds

Coriolis effect

Jet stream

Weather and Climate (pp. 46 – 52)Section 2.3

Draw and label the global winds on the following illustration. Be sure that the arrows go in the correct direction.

Draw Lines with arrows to show the winds:

Prevailing Westerlies

Horse Latitudes

Doldroms

Polar Easterlies

Mark

The south pole

The north pole

The equator

Weather and Climate (pp. 46 – 52)Section 2.3

How is wind related to air temperature and air pressure?

It is fairly warm but windy outside. Use the concept of wind-chill factor to explain why it may be a good idea to wear a jacket.

What causes local winds?

Compare the conditions that cause a sea breeze with those that cause a land breeze. Use words or draw a picture to illustrate this.

Weather and Climate (pp. 54 – 60)Section 2.4

Water cycle

Evaporation

Humidity

Relative humidity

Psychrometer

Condensation

Weather and Climate (pp. 54 – 60)Section 2.4

Dew point

Cirrus

Cumulus

Stratus

Weather and Climate (pp. 54 – 60)Section 2.4

Write the name of the cloud next to each photograph or description. This exercise is continued on the next page!

Word bank: cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, cumulonimbus, altostratus, cumulus, stratus, and nimbostratus. _____________________________ This cloud is usually found highest in the sky

______________________________ This cloud is the type that becomes the tallest of all clouds

_____________________________ Sometimes this cloud looks just like a grey blur across the sky and steady rain and snow can come from them.

_____________________________ This cloud looks bumpy and makes a “mackerel sky.”The clouds are found in the middle cloud layer.

_____________________________ These low lying clouds look like puffy cotton ball lumps.

_____________________________ These clouds are the kind that produce thunderstorms.

_____________________________

_____________________________

Weather and Climate (pp. 54 – 60)Section 2.4

__________ _ _________________________

________ __ _________________________

__________ _________________________

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Weather and Climate (pp. 54 – 60)Section 2.4

Look in your book on page 56. There is a box that says “Math – Analyzing Data.” Please read the paragraph that explains how to determine relative humidity. Then, answer the questions.

1. At noon, the readings on a sling psychrometer are 18 C for the dry-bulb thermometer and 14C for the wet-bulb thermometer. What is the relative humidity?

2. At 5 P.M., the psychrometer is used again. The reading on the dry-bulb thermometer is 12 C, and the reading on the wet-bulb thermometer is 11C. Determine the new relative humidity.

3. How did the temperature change between noon and 5 P.M.?

4. How did the relative humidity change during the course of the day?

5. How was the relative humidity affected by air temperature? Explain your answer.

Weather and Climate (pp. 54 – 60)Section 2.4

Discussion

Why do clouds usually form so high in the air instead of near the earth’s surface?

Why are solid particles needed for cloud formation?

Weather and Climate (pp. 61 – 65)Section 2.5

Precipitation

Drought

Cloud seeding

Rain gauge

Weather and Climate (pp. 61 – 65)Section 2.5

Match the typical water droplet size to the particle name.

1. __________ .02 mm A. Drizzle Droplet

2. __________ .05 mm B. Raindrop

3. __________ .5 mm C. Cloud Droplet

4. __________ 5 mm D. Mist Droplet

Using your ruler draw a 5 mm rain drop. Then draw a .5 mm Drizzle droplet.

What is the difference between sleet and freezing rain?

What is the name for crystalline water that falls from a cloud to the earth?

How come snow has crystals that we can see with a magnifying glass, but rain water does not?

What cloud type produces hail? What characteristic of this cloud makes hail production possible?

List the five most common types of precipitation.