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Revolutionary War UnitBig Idea #6: Rights

RightDefinition: something that a person is or should be morally or legally allowed to have, get, or do

New Word Meaning

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What does Calvin believe about his rights?

What do you think your rights should be…

As a human being?

As a Citizen of the United States?

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As a student at Full Circle?

As a member of your family?

Think Pair Share: Rights

What is this cartoon saying about rights? Do you agree that America’s values are askew in what it considers a right and a privilege? Answer below then share with a partner.

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Key Vocabulary

Confrontation: a situation in which people, groups, etc., fight, oppose, or challenge each other in an angry way

Tolerate: to allow (something that is bad, unpleasant, etc.) to exist, happen, or be done

Coerce: to make (someone) do something by using force or threats

Intercolonial:

Unlikely Animal Friends!Here is Bobby the dog and Mr. Whoobles the owl. Tell me a story about their friendship that uses the words tolerate, confront, and coerce.

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The Intolerable “After-Party”

The British RespondMany of the Boston Tea Party participants fled Boston immediately after the destruction of the tea to avoid arrest. George Hewes remembered…

“We then quietly retired to our several places of residence, without having any conversation with each other, or taking any measures to discover who were our associates… There appeared to be an understanding that each individual should volunteer his services, keep his own secret, and risk the consequence for himself. No disorder took place during that transaction, and it was observed at that time that the stillest night ensued that Boston had enjoyed for many months.”

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Reading #1


Only one member of the Sons of Liberty, Francis Akeley, was caught and imprisoned for his participation. He was the only person ever to be arrested for the Boston Tea Party. No one died during the Boston Tea Party. There was no violence and no confrontation between the Patriots, the loyalists, and the British soldiers stationed in Boston. None of the members of the crews of the Beaver, Dartmouth, or Eleanor were harmed. This was the first organized act of rebellion against British rule and the Sons of Liberty were very careful about how the Boston Tea Party was planned and carried out.

For weeks after the Boston Tea Party, Boston Harbor smelled because of the 92,000 pounds of tea dumped into the harbor. To keep looters from salvaging the tea, the Sons of Liberty went out in boats and hit the tea with oars and clubs to sink it make the tea useless. George Hewes remembered, “The next morning, after we had cleared the ships of the tea, it was discovered that very considerable quantities of it were floating upon the surface of the water; and to prevent the possibility of any of its being saved for use, a number of small boats were manned by sailors and citizens, who rowed them into those parts of the harbor wherever the tea was visible, and by beating it with oars and paddles so thoroughly drenched it as to render its entire destruction inevitable.”

The Intolerable ActsParliament was fed up with colonial antics. The British could tolerate strongly worded letters or trade boycotts. They could put up with defiant legislatures and harassed customs officials.But they saw the destruction of 342 chests of tea belonging to the British East India Company as destruction of property by Boston thugs who did not even have the courage to admit responsibility.

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The British called their response to the Boston Tea Party The Coercive Acts. The colonists called them the Intolerable Acts. Boston Harbor was closed to trade until the owners of the tea were compensated. Only food and firewood were permitted into the port. Town meetings were banned, and the authority of the royal governor was increased.

To add insult to injury, General Gage, the British commander of North American forces, was appointed governor of Massachusetts. British troops and officials would now be tried outside Massachusetts for crimes of murder. Greater freedom was granted to British officers who wished to house their soldiers in private dwellings.

The Quebec Act

Parliament seemed to have a penchant for bad timing in these years. Right after passing the Coercive Acts, it passed The Quebec Act, a law that recognized the Roman Catholic Church as the established church in Quebec. An appointed council, rather than an elected body, would make the major decisions for the colony. The boundary of Quebec was extended into the Ohio Valley.

In the wake of the passage of the Quebec Act, rage spread through the 13 colonies. With this one act, the British Crown granted land to the French in Quebec that was clearly desired by the American colonists. The extension of tolerance to Catholics was viewed as a hostile act by the colonists.

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Throughout the colonies, the message was clear: what could happen in Massachusetts could happen in any of the colonies. For the first time since the Stamp Act Crisis, an intercolonial conference was called. The British had gone too far. The colonists felt that the British were violating their rights in a serious way, and they were determined to defend their rights to the King. Supplies were sent to the beleaguered colony from the other twelve.

It was under these tense circumstances that the First Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia on September 5, 1774.

1. The Quartering Acts

This act was passed March 24th 1765. It said that all colonists had to house British soldiers if no barracks had any room to house the soldiers.

2. The Boston Port Act

This act was passed June 1st 1774. This closed the Boston port until the Boston Tea party expenses were paid by the colonists for the tea. They wouldn't let any ship leave the port no matter what or where they had to go.

3. Administration of Justice Act

This act was passed May 20th 1774. British officials weren't able to be tried in provincial Courts. (They would be sent back to Britain and be tried there.)

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4. Massachusetts Government Act

This act was passed May 20th 1774. It gave Britain control of town meetings. The British were more powerful and the colonist had little power. The town couldn't have a meeting unless permission from governor. There was a meeting at least once a year.

5. Quebec Act

This act was passed May 20th 1774. It changed Canadian borders and gave power to what is now Quebec, Ontario, and Midwestern united states. It also allowed the Catholic church in Quebec to take taxes from their members.

Chart from http://www.crareacatholic.com/lasalle/resources/8th%20websites/lauren,%20jenny,%20talor%20rev%20war/lauren%20k%20rev%20war/intolerable_acts.html

John Locke and NaturalRights

The Patriots thought that the Intolerable Acts violated their rights. They got

their idea of rights from john Locke, a British philosopher who developed

ideas about what rights were and why governments should be formed. His

ideas are called “Natural Rights.” Locke’s ideas about the government and

rights of the people were radical and challenged the centuries-old practice

throughout the world of dictatorial rule by kings, emperors, and tribal

chieftains.

He wrote that:

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Reading #2


1. All people are free, equal, and have “natural rights” of life, liberty,

and property that rulers cannot take away.

2. The people have all the power, and they consent to form a government

to protect their rights.

3. In return, the people promise to obey the laws and rules established by

their government.

4. Government’s powers are limited to those the people have consented

to give to it. In other words, the only power that a government has is

the power the people agree to.

5. Whenever government becomes a threat to the people’s natural rights,

the people have the right to alter or overthrow it!

Group Write:

How did the Intolerable Acts Violate their

rights?

Use Locke’s ideas about government and rights to discuss how the

Intolerable Acts violate the rights of the colonies. Use a Showing

Relationships frame to plan a paragraph about how the Intolerable Acts

violated the colonists’ natural rights according to Locke. Frame it on blank

paper. Then write your paragraph here.

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More Vocabulary:

Emigrate/Emigration: to leave a country permanently/the process of leaving a country. Liberty: freedom. Something that it is guaranteed that you are free to do.

Legislate/legislature/legislative: To make laws/the group of people who make laws/having to do with making laws.

Declaration and Resolves Of The First Continental Congress:

October 14, 1774

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Reading #3


We Declare that the inhabitants of the English colonies in North-America, by the immutable laws of nature, the principles of the English constitution, and the several charters or compacts, have the following RIGHTS:

Resolved, N.C.D. 1. That they are entitled to life, liberty and property: and they have never ceded to any foreign power whatever, a right to dispose of either without their consent.

Resolved, N.C.D. 2. That our ancestors, who first settled these colonies, were at the time of their emigration from the mother country, entitled to all the rights, liberties, and immunities of free and natural- born subjects, within the realm of England.

Resolved, N.C.D. 3. That by such emigration they by no means…lost any of those rights, but that they were, and their descendants now are, entitled to the exercise and enjoyment of all such of them, as their local and other circumstances enable them to exercise and enjoy.

Resolved, 4. That the foundation of English liberty, and of all free government, is a right in the people to participate in their legislative council: and as the English colonists are not represented, and from their local and other circumstances, cannot properly be represented in the British parliament, they are entitled to a free and exclusive power of legislation in their several provincial legislatures, where their right of representation can alone be preserved, in all cases of taxation and internal polity, subject only to the negative of their sovereign, in such manner as has been heretofore used and accustomed.

Resolved, N.C.D. 8. That they have a right peaceably to assemble, consider of their grievances, and petition the king; and that all prosecutions, prohibitory proclamations, and commitments for the same, are illegal.

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Resolved, N.C.D. 9. That the keeping a standing army in these colonies, in times of peace, without the consent of the legislature of that colony, in which such army is kept, is against law.

To these grievous acts and measures, Americans cannot submit, but in hopes their fellow subjects in Great Britain will, on a revision of them, restore us to that state, in which both countries found happiness and prosperity, we have for the present, only resolved to pursue the following peaceable measures:

1. To enter into a non-importation, non- consumption, and non-exportation agreement or association.

2. To prepare an address to the people of Great-Britain, and a memorial to the inhabitants of British America: and

3. To prepare a loyal address to his majesty, agreeable to resolutions already entered into.

Group Write: Make a Compare Contrast Frame that compares Locke’s idea of rights to the First Continental Congress’s idea of rights.

Slavery and the Founding Fathers

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Reading #4


From Declaration and Resolves of the 1st Continental CongressII. That we will neither import, nor purchase any slave imported, after the first day of December next; after which time, we will wholly discontinue the slave trade, and will neither be concerned in it ourselves, nor will we hire our vessels, nor sell our commodities or manufactures to those who are concerned in it.

Quotes from the Founding Fathers

"I believe a time will come when an opportunity will be offered to abolish this lamentable evil."-- Patrick Henry, letter to Robert Pleasants, January 18, 1773

"Nothing is more certainly written in the book of fate than that these people are to be free."-- Thomas Jefferson, Autobiography, 1821

"There is not a man living who wishes more sincerely than I do, to see a plan adopted for the abolition of it."-- George Washington, letter to Robert Morris, April 12, 1786

"We have seen the mere distinction of color made in the most enlightened period of time, a ground of the most oppressive dominion ever exercised by man over man."-- James Madison, speech at the Constitutional Convention, June 6, 1787

"Every measure of prudence, therefore, ought to be assumed for the eventual total extirpation of slavery from the United States ... I have, throughout my whole life, held the practice of slavery in ... abhorrence."-- John Adams, letter to Robert Evans, June 8, 1819

"It is much to be wished that slavery may be abolished. The honour of the States, as well as justice and humanity, in my opinion, loudly call upon them to emancipate these unhappy people. To contend for our own liberty, and to deny that blessing to others, involves an inconsistency not to be excused."--John Jay, letter to R. Lushington, March 15, 1786

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Journal: What do you think about the fact that many of the founding fathers who spoke out against slavery, and spoke about the rights of men, were also slave owners? How does this change how we view them?

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Undocumented Americans’ Bill of

Rights

Published by United We Stay, an immigrants’ rights advocacy group.

Written by Marcelino Miyares

We know we have human rights, even though our very presence is deemed illegal and our existence alien. Now we have our own Bill of Rights and we want it to be the framework for every immigration decision going forward from the local to the national level. Even as the federal government dithers, some states like California are providing Undocumented Americans with healthcare for our children, in-state tuition, drivers’ licenses, protection from unscrupulous employers and visas for crime victims. A few progressive states are already moving to incorporate some of the rights we claim in our Bill of Rights into the law of the land. Everything should be on the table:

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Reading #5


citizenship, legal residency, deferred action, visas and migrant worker programs.

What makes the nation so fortunate is that people want to come for the opportunity. But we need that vital missing piece of the American Promise – equal protection under the law. This is why we must succeed in making our Bill of Rights the national template for a new humane approach to immigration, a total rethinking of how best to align the well-being of the nation with the potential contributions of those whose abilities are constricted not by ambition, talent or work ethic, but by being paperless. We all want the same thing – to live and work and raise our families in America, to be a part of this experiment in democracy and to help make it succeed.

The purpose of this document is to awaken and instill courage and cooperation among our leaders, to grow public awareness and to create a crisis of conscience where Americans have to do more than talk about us; they have to talk with us. They must approach this discussion with respect for our determination to add our story to the nation’s proud immigrant anthology.We’re already here and have been for years. We work hard, take care of our families and have deep roots in our communities. More time is something we don’t have. Our children are getting older without access to equal educational opportunities. Our working adults are unable to reach any kind of wage parity and advance in their professions. We live with no sense of security that our lives won’t be disrupted, our families torn apart. And we’re constantly berated and stereotyped as a monolithic group to be condemned and ostracized. Being discouraged is one thing; losing all hope of working our way toward legal acceptance is something we can’t abide and the nation can’t afford – morally or economically.

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We are calling for action at every level of government for discussion and votes on our Bill of Rights. We are asking political and community leaders, civic groups and labor unions to sign on to our cause. And we’re counting on Undocumented Americans and the majority of Americans who stand with us to add your names to our petition, to organize your neighbors, to talk to your representatives and to donate what you can for us to continue the work of making immigration a unifying and uplifting issue that helps a nation embrace the source of its unique greatness.

Undocumented Americans’ Bill of Rights

We, the Undocumented Americans, submit our Bill of Rights with the same determination as the nation’s founders to incorporate these rights into law across the land.

We are here on American soil working for a stronger economy while reinvigorating the nation’s commitment toward democracy, and we should be afforded the same due process and equal protection guaranteed to all by the U.S. Constitution. We are the living embodiment of the American Dream and how we are treated by this nation reflects its commitment to its own ideals. Going forward, we want to see the United States fulfill its historic democratic promise by making these rights a reality.

1. Acknowledgment that we are already here, that we are human beings with a right to be, that our mere presence cannot be deemed illegal or our existence alien.

2. Affirmation that we are to be treated with dignity and respect, not just because of who we are, but who you are – historic beneficiaries of immigrant struggles for the freedom to be.

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3. Recognition of our right to be presented with a path to citizenship/residency as the first priority of future immigration policy combined with interim deferment of all law-abiding Undocumented Americans against detention and deportation.

4. Compelled authorization of birth certificates for our U.S.-born children to ensure their constitutionally guaranteed right to citizenship.

5. Protection against cruel and unusual punishment, including the separation of our immediate families and incarceration without charges, hearings or representation.

6. Access to non-discriminating public education and in-state tuition to ensure that our children realize their full potential for themselves and the country.

7. Guarantee of wage equality with a legal right to petition for wage theft or workplace mistreatment without jeopardizing our immigration status.

8. Assurance of humanitarian treatment, including medical care.9. Protection against detention or deportation when we report a crime as

a victim or as a witness.10. Guarantee of the Declaration’s unalienable rights to life, liberty

and the pursuit of happiness.

As Undocumented Americans, we call on ALL Americans to join us in our pursuit of these rights. Most of those who call the U.S. home are immigrants or descendants of immigrants. We, the Undocumented, join this bold, determined continuum of freedom-seeking humanity as we strive to help build this nation and find our way toward a more inclusive and perfect union.

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1. Why are rights important? People have inherent rights A government needs to respect if that government is

going to be legitimate. If that government doesn’t respect these rights, it is

ok for people to resist, protest, and even overthrow the government.

Are the above statements true? Were these ideas true in the 1770s? Are they true today? Is it true for both citizens and undocumented immigrants? What have we read in class that would support these statements? This is when we start to bring together all the big ideas from this unit.

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