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Transcript of · Web viewSubject . Topic . Summary . Execution . English 1 . Unit 1 . Done . Learn . English 2 ....
Study Material of 1/7/2020
For Class Nursery to XII
Class Nursery
Subject
Topic
Execution
English
· Practice book Pg 23
· Do in the book
Math
· Practice book pg 49
(Only write the numbers from 1 to 30 and write the missing numbers to be written)
· Do in the book
Art/Craft
· Pg 9
· Do in the book
Conversation
· Reading Book – Pg 26 (6 – 9)
· Learn
Class KG I
Subject
Topic
Execution
English
· Fill in the blanks
· Worksheet
Math
· Between Numbers
· Worksheet
Hindi
· गिनती
· Worksheet
Bengali
· সংখ্যা লেখঃ ১৬–২০
· Write in the copy
Drawing
· Learn how to draw a cat
· Do in the drawing copy (Check WhatsApp for the steps)
Class KG II
Subject
Topic
Execution
English
· A/An – Worksheet
· Check WhatsApp
Math
· Number Names – Worksheet
· Check WhatsApp
Bengali
· এসো লিখিঃ Pg ১৫
· Write in the book
Hindi
· Answer Sheet – मात्राओ वाले शब्द
· Check WhatsApp for the Answer sheet
Drawing
· Learn how to draw a ‘cat’
· Do in the drawing copy (Check WhatsApp for the steps)
Class I
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
English 1
Unit 1
Done
Learn
English 2
Unit 1
Done
Learn
EVS
Chapter 9
done
Page 143
B. tick the things
ANSWERS
1.(b) 2.(a) 3.(b)
Maths
Chapter 6
Done
Do page 217 full in book
Conversation
Ch 1 About me and my body.
In this this lesson we will learn how to say things about your ownself.
Children if anyone asks you about your self what are main things that you should say first-
Your full name
Eg. My name is Tania Roy.
Your age-
Eg. I am six years old.
Name of the school you study in-
Eg. I study in Rishi Aurobindo Memorial Academy School.
Which class-
Eg. I study in class 1
Your hobbies
Eg. I like to sing and dance
Practice saying these sentences at home.
Class II
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Eng literature
Ch 2 Friendship
Refer to pg 16 and 17
Continuation]
Now the deer thought of an idea to save the tortoise. It lied down on the ground pretending or acting to be dead. The hunter saw the deer and became very happy and left the tortoise on the ground and walked towards the deer to catch it. As it was approaching towards the deer , the mouse slowly went to the tortoise and cut the net. The tortoise was free now and it slowly went to the river water, the crow flew off and the deer after seing the tortoise was free got up quickly and ran away. The hunter was left empty handed.
*** Read pg 16 and 17
Eng language
Ch13 Adverbs
Refer to pg 62
Do in the book.
THIS WAS YOUR HOMEWORK,IM SENDING THE ANSWERS PLEASE CHECK WITH YOUR ANSWERS AND PRACTICE.
EX A] Underline the verbs and circle the adverbs in these sentences.
[ Continuation]
Answers
7. verb- answered adverb- wisely
8. verb –welcomed adverb- warmly
9. verb- ran
adverb – quickly
10. verb - sang
adverb – beautifully
11. verb – tied
Adverb – loosely
12 . verb- looked
Adverb - lovingly
EVS
Ch 8 Safety first
Refer to pg 141
Do in the book and learn
Ex a ] Fill in the words with the given words.
Answers
1. Zebra
2. Moving
3. Careful
4. Road
Conversation
Ch 1 From top to toe
Refer to pg 2
You have to match the things on the right column with the bodyparts on the left column.
Say these sentences and then match them in the book.
1. Jeena wears the socks on her feet.
2. Jeena wears the belt on her waist.
3. Jeena wears the band on her head.
Jeena takes the bag on her shoulder.
*** Do in the book.
Bengali
বিষয়–রচনা
দুর্গাপূজা
দুর্গাপূজা
শরৎকালের দুর্গাপূজা হয়। পাঁচ দিন ধরে এই উৎসব চলে। দুর্গাপূজা উপলক্ষে আমরা সকলেই উৎসবের আনন্দে মেতে উঠি। শিশুরা নতুন জামা কাপড় পড়ে মনের আনন্দে ঘুরে বেড়ায়। প্রতিটি পূজা মণ্ডপের সামনে থাকে মানুষের ভিড়।মণ্ডপগুলিওহয়সুসজ্জিত ও আকর্ষণীয় । পূজার দিন গুলিতে বড়রাও অভাব-অভিযোগের কথা ভুলে আনন্দে মেতে ওঠে । বিজয়া দশমীর দিন একে অপরকে প্রীতি ও শুভেচ্ছা জানানোহয়এবং ছোটরা বড়দের প্রণাম জানায়।
Hindi
सर्वनाम
सही शब्दछाँटकर खाली स्थान भरिए।(in copy)
1.तुम____ काम करो।(अपना/ तुम्हारा)
2._____क्या पढ़ रहा है?(वे/ वह)
3. मैं____स्कूल जा रहा हूँ।(अपने/ मेरे)4.मोहन को____किताब दे दो।(उसकी/ उनकी)5.कल____ अपने मामा जी के घर जाऊँगा।(हम/ मैं)
Mathematics
CHAPTER 6 SHAPES
LEARN THE TABLE OF REVIEW.
Computer
PLAYING WITH MS PAINT
Q1) WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY MS PAINT?
ANS) MS PAINT IS A PROGRAM THAT LETS US MAKE DRAWINGS USING THE MOUSE.
Q2) WRITE THE STEPS TO OPEN PAINT.
ANS) THE STEPS ARE:
1. CLICK ON THE START BUTTON
2. CLICK ON ALL PROGRAMS
3. CLICK ON ACCESSORIES
4. CLICK ON THE PAINT.
Q3) WHAT IS THE USE OF PAINT BUTTON?
ANS) PAINT BUTTON IS USED TO SAVE, OPEN AND PRINT THE DRAWING/FILE.
Q4) NAME THE TOOLS AVAILABLE IN PAINT.
ANS) THE TOOLS AVAILABLE IN PAINT ARE
1. PENCIL
2. FILL WITH COLOUR
3. TEXT
4. ERASER
5. COLOUR PICKER
6. MAGNIFIER
Q5) WHAT IS THE USE OF FILL WITH COLOUR TOOL?
ANS) THE FILL WITH COLOUR TOOL IS USED TO FILL COLOURS IN THE DRAWING.
Class III
SUBJECT
TOPIC
SUMMARY
EXECUTION
HINDI
सर्वनाम
सही शब्द छाँटकर खाली स्थान भरिए।(in copy)
1.तुम____ काम करो। (अपना/ तुम्हारा )
2._____क्या पढ़ रहा है? (वे/ वह)
3. मैं____स्कूल जा रहा हूँ। (अपने/ मेरे) 4.मोहन को____किताब दे दो। (उसकी/ उनकी) 5.कल____ अपने मामा जी के घर जाऊँगा। (हम/ मैं)
Eng language 1/7/20
Ch 19 Adverbs
We can add ly to adjectives to form adverbs.
**what is an adjectives?
Adjectives are words that describes a noun.
For eg
Ram is a brave boy.
*the word Ram is a noun and the word brave is an adjective as it is describing the boy.
**To make adverb we simply add ly
For eg brave- bravely
**If the word end with a” y ”
Then we add ily to form adverb.
For eg lazy - lazily
Refer to pg 68
Do in the book.
Ex A} Add ly to these adjectives to form adverbs.
Adjectives
Adverbs
1.quiet
2. quick
3.hungry
4. lazy
5.pleasant
quietly
quickly
hungrily
lazily
pleasantly
Homework
do ex A [ 6 to 10] in the book.
বই – বাংলা ভাষা পরিচয়
বিষয় – রচনা
পাতা – ১৩৫
রচনা – মাদার টেরেজা
মাদার টেরেসা
যে সকল বিদেশি নারী বিদেশ থেকে ভারতে এসে বসবাস করার পর বিশ্বে খ্যাতি অর্জন করেন মাদার টেরেসা তাদের মধ্যে অন্যতম । ভারতে এসে তিনি হয়ে উঠলেন মাদার - সকলের মা।
১৯১০ খ্রিস্টাব্দের ২৭ শে আগস্ট তিনি যুগোস্লাভিয়ার স্কোপজে শহরে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। ভারতে আসার আগে তিনি অ্যাগনেশ নামে পরিচিত । মাত্র ১২ বছর বয়সেই ধর্মযাজক সংগঠনে যোগদান করেন । মাত্র ১৮ বছর বয়সে তিনি কলকাতায় আসেন। কলকাতায় শিক্ষিকা হিসেবে কাজ করার ফাঁকে ফাঁকে তিনি তার বিদ্যালয় এর আশেপাশে দুঃখী মানুষের সেবায় কাজে লেগে যান। তিনি মিশনারিজ অফ চ্যারিটি নামে এক সেবামূলক প্রতিষ্ঠান গড়ে তোলেন তার সেবার কথা সমগ্র বিশ্বে ছড়িয়ে পড়ে তিনি মাদার মানামে সকলের কাছে শ্রদ্ধা অর্জন করেন তার পরিধানে শোভা পেত ভারতীয় পোশাক নীল আর সাদা শাড়ি। ১৯৭৯ খ্রিস্টাব্দে খ্রিস্টাব্দে শান্তির জন্য নোবেল পুরস্কার লাভ করেন । ১৯৯৭ খ্রিস্টাব্দে ৫ই সেপ্টেম্বর এই মহান সেবিকা মাদার টেরেসা পরলোক গমন করেন।
Social studies
Indian literature
Mahabharata:
Mahabharata was narrated by the sage, Ved Vyasa and Lord Ganesha wrote it down. It is the longest epic consisting of over 100,000 slokas and about 1.8 million words total. It is four times long than Ramayana. Mahabharata narrates the Kurukshetra war between the Pandavas and the Kauravas. They were the sons of two brothers, King Pandu and King Dhritrashtra. Pandu had five sons whereas Dhritrashtra had hundred sons. The war between the brothers was one of the bloodiest wars ever fought in history. Lord Krishna became the charioteer of Arjuna. The teachings given by Lord Krishna to Arjuna during the war, were compiled in the Bhagavad Gita.
Solved exercise:
Put a tick ✓ on a correct option:
1.Panchatantra is translated into how many languages?
Ans: ( c) 57
2.Jataka tales has about
Ans: (c ) 550 tales.
3.Ramayana was composed by
Ans: (c ) Valmiki
4. Mahabharata was written down by
Ans: (b ) Lord Ganesha.
Science
Ch – Food we get from Plants
Herbs – Herbs are very small plants. They have soft green stems. Most herbs live for a few months. Rice, spinach, mint are examples of herbs.
Climbers – Some plants have weak stems. They cannot grow straight on their own. They need support to grow straight. They need support of other plants, sticks or wire nets. They are known as climber plants. Bean, money plants are examples of climbers.
Question & answers
What are trees? Write the names of any two trees.
Ans. Most big and tall plants have thick, hard and woody stems. They are known as trees. Eg. banyan tree, mango tree.
SUBJECT
TOPIC
SUMMARY
EXECUTION
MATHEMATICS
Ch: 8
Money
Addition of money
1. Addition without regrouping [Add paise to paise and rupees to rupees.]
2. Addition with regrouping [Add paise to paise and regroup into rupees, then add rupees.]
Exercise – 46
Add:
2. Rs. P
4 5 3 9
+ 2 4 2 1
7. Rs. P
1 1
1 7 8 1
2 0 8 5
+ 3 0 3 0
8. Rs. P
1 1 1
6 0 9 0
8 0 9
+ 2 8 5
6 9 6 0
6 8 9 6
7 1 8 4
Write in columns and add: 10. Rs.27.70, Rs.0.05 and Rs.18.96
· Solution: Rs.
11 1
27.70
0.05
+ 18.96
46.71 The sum = Rs.46.71
14. Sheena bought eggs for Rs.9.25, biscuits for Rs.15.50 and milk for Rs.10.50. How much money did she spend?
Rs.
11 1
= 9.25
= 15.50
= +10.50
= 35.25
· Solution:
Cost of eggs
Cost of biscuits
Cost of milk
Total cost
Sheena spent Rs.35.25.
15. Shruti had Rs.70.70 in her savings bag. She saved Rs.10.20 and Rs.15.35 in next two weeks. How much money does she have now in her savings bag?
Rs.
1
= 70.70
= 10.20
= + 15.35
= 96.25
· Solution:
Shruti had in her savings bag
She saved in first week
She saved in second week
Total savings
Now she has Rs.96.25 in her savings bag.
Home work(Exercise-46)
5. Rs. P
4 2 7 3
+ 4 1 0 3
6. Rs. P
3 6 0 9
+ 4 9 8 5
12. Mayur got Rs.5.85 from his father and Rs.23.30 from his mother. How much money did he get in all?
Class IV
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
English language
Verbs: the – ingform.
Explanation already done in the last lesson.
Solved exercise:
Say which of the – ingforms of verbs in the sentences given below have been used as adjectives and which to form continuous tenses: (page 33)
9.were cycling – past continuous
10. setting – adjectives
11. were attending – past continuous
Ailing – adjective.
12. chattering – adjective.
Was approaching – past continuous.
13. were watching – past continuous.
14. were trying – past continuous.
15. are walking – present continuous.
16. will be running – future continuous.
17. melting –adjective.
18. is reading – present continuous.
19. will be singing – future continuous
Dancing –adjective.
20. thrilling – adjective.
Social studies
Map reading
Scale of a map:
The scale is a distance reductionin a map to show the relative size. For example, one centimeter on a map may represent hundred kilometers.
Key or legend of a map:
A legend or a key of a map explains what the colour, sign and symbol represent. It is usually indicated in a box at the corner of the map. The legend helps usto study the map easily.
Solved exercises:
Put a tick ✓ on the correct option:
1.How many Cardinal directions are there?
Ans: (c ) 4.
2.These maps are based on a particular theme
Ans:. (a) thematic maps
3.Light blue colouron a map indicates
Ans: (b) shallow.
4.Man made structures are shown on a map in
Ans: ( b) black colour.
Hindi 2ndlang
काला हिरन
क) हिरणों पर कौन सी मुसीबत आई थी?
ख)काले हिरण को जाल में फंसा देखकर बाकी हीरोनों ने क्या किया?
ग)राजकुमार ने काले हिरण को छोड़ने का आदेश क्यों दिया ?
घ)राजा बनने के बाद राजकुमार ने क्या किया ?
उत्तर–
1) शिकारियों ने हमला कर दिया था।
2) सारे हिरण घेरा बनाकर काले हिरण के पास आकर खड़े हो गए।
3) जहां काला हिरण फसा था वहां पर जानवरों के संगठन का एक अद्भुत दृश्य उपस्थित हो गया हिरनी की करुणा भरी मुख प्रार्थना ने राजकुमार का ह्रदय पिघला दिया था इसलिए राजकुमार ने काले हिरण को छोड़ने का आदेश दे दिया।
4) राजा बनते ही उसने जंगली जानवरों के शिकार पर रोक लगा दी इस प्रकार जंगल के सभी जानवर निर्भय होकर सुख से रहने लगे।
2.सही वाक्य के सामने सत्य तथा गलत वाक्य के सामने असत्य लिखिए।
क) शाम का समय हिरणों के पानी पीने का सुरक्षित समय था।(असत्य)
ख) काला हिरन दूसरे हिरणों से तेज दौड़ सकता था( सत्य)
ग)काले हिरण की चमकीली आंखों से सब जानवर प्यार करते थे(सत्य)
घ)झील को देखकर शिकारियों की जान में जान आ गई।( सत्य)
ड)राजकुमार सफेद हिरण को देखकर आश्चर्य में पड़ गया(असत्य)
च)काले हिरण को जाल में फंसा देखकर सभी हिरण भाग गए।(असत्य)
3.लिंग परिवर्तन कीजिए।
बुद्धिमान- बुद्धि मती भाग्यवान भाग्यवती शक्तिमान-शक्तिशाली
धनवान-धनवती गुणवान- गुणवती
বিষয়–বাংলা
বই–বাংলা ভাষা পরিচয়
বিষয়–রচনা
পাতা– ১৬৮
রচনা–বর্ষাকাল
বর্ষাকাল
গ্রীষ্ম বর্ষা শরৎ হেমন্ত শীত ও বসন্ত এই ছটি ঋতু নিয়ে আমাদের ঋতুচক্র। আষাঢ় শ্রাবণ এইদুই মাস বর্ষাকাল।গ্রীষ্মকালেখাল বিল নদী পুকুর গাছপালা যখন শুকিয়ে যায় এমন সময় বর্ষা এসে তাদের মন প্রাণ জুড়ায় ,তৃষ্ণা মেটায় ,তারা স্বস্তির নিঃশ্বাস ফেলে ।বর্ষাকালে অবিরাম ধারায় বৃষ্টি পড়ে, চারিদিক সতেজ সবুজ হয়ে ওঠে। বৃষ্টির রিমঝিম শব্দ বিদ্যুতেরঝিলিক মেঘের গুরুগুরু গর্জনেবর্ষা প্রকৃতি আমাদের মন মাতিয়ে তোলে । বর্ষাকালে কৃষকরা কাঁধেলাঙ্গলনিয়ে মাঠে বেরিয়ে পড়ে । বাঙালির প্রধান শস্য ধানএই সময় তার চাষ হয়। এইসময় নানা রকম ফুলও চোখে পড়ে।এই সময় বেল , জুঁই , টগর ,কদম ,কেতকীবিভিন্নফুলফোটে।তবে অতিবৃষ্টি বন্যা ডেকে আনে, বন্যায় প্রচুর ফসল নষ্ট হয়, বিভিন্ন রোগ দেখা দেয়। বর্ষাকালের সৌন্দর্যের জন্য কত কবি এইবর্ষাকালকে নিয়ে কত গান , কবিতা রচনা করেছেন তার অন্ত নেই।
MATHEMATICS
Ch: 9
Common Fraction
To find a fraction equivalent to a given fraction:
Note: When we multiply or divide the numerator and denominator of a fraction by the same (non-zero) number, we get an equivalent fraction.
Exercise – 39
1. Write the next three fractions equivalent to each of the following:
(c) (d)
· Solution:
(c) = = ; = = ; = =
(d) = = ; = = ; = =
2. Write a fractions equivalent to each of the following:
(b); (c)
· Solution:
(b) = = ; (c) = =
3. Fill in the blanks:
(a) = (b) = (c) =
· Solution:
(a) = = ; (b) = = ; (c) = =
4. Fill in the blanks:
(a) = ; (b) = ; (c) =
· Solution:
(a) = = ; (b) = = ; (c) = =
Home Work/Exercise – 39
1. Write the next three fractions equivalent to each of the following: (b)
2. Write a fractions equivalent to each of the following: (a)
Class V
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
বিষয়–বাংলা
বই–বাংলাসাহিত্যপরিচয়
পাঠ–১৫
গল্প–মাস্টারদা
লেখক–অশোককুমারমুখোপাধ্যায়
অনুশীলনীরপ্রশ্নোত্তর
৩। শূন্যস্থানপূরণকরো:-
ক) চট্টগ্রাম ইংরেজ শাসন থেকে মুক্ত এমন ঘোষণা করেছে এই ছেলের দল।
খ)ভারতবর্ষশাসন করতে এসে ইংরেজরা বোধহয় এমন মার এর আগে কমইখেয়েছে।
গ)প্রতিবাদ করতে গেলেই এদেশের মানুষের কপালে জুটেছে অত্যাচার।
ঘ)রামকৃষ্ণবিবেকানন্দই ছিলেন মাস্টার আদর্শ পুরুষ।
ঙ)জালালাবাদ পাহাড়ে লড়াই এর আগেও রবীন্দ্রনাথের গান কবিতা শুনেছেন তিনি।
৪। বিপরীতশব্দ :-
স্বাধীন × পরাধীন/ যুদ্ধ × শান্তি/অন্যায় × ন্যায়/
বন্ধু × শত্রু/ সম্মান × অসম্মান/ ভক্তি ×অভক্তি।
৫। সমার্থকশব্দ :-
আগুন = বহ্নি/
যোগ্য = উপযুক্ত/
নগর = শহর/ অবাক = হতভম্ব/ মন = মনন/ ঐশ্বর্য = সম্পদ।
Social studies
Indian Government
Elections:
India is a democratic country.
The citizens of India elect the government through the procedure of elections. Political parties are different groups of people who have common beliefs. There are many political parties in India. Some political parties are found throughout the country and are called national parties. Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party are examples of national parties. On the other hand some political parties exist only in a region and are called regional parties.
Elections in India:
In India, elections are held every 5 years. The country is divided into smaller units called constituencies. all the citizens who are 18 years of age or above can cast their vote for the representatives of their choices. There are several candidates who fight the election in a constituency. They belong to different political parties. When elected the candidate becomes the MP (for union government election) or the MLA (for state government elections). The political party that wins more than half of the seats in the legislature forms the government. The other parties form the opposition. They keep a check on the working of the government and citizens, whether or not functioning properly.
1.What do you mean by Political parties?
Ans: Political parties are different groups of people who have common beliefs.
2.Name two national parties of India.
Ans: Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party.
3.What do you mean by regional parties?
Ans: Some political parties exist only in a region and are called regional parties.
4.Define the term Constituencies.
Ans: The country is divided into smaller units called constituencies.
English literature
Sour grapes
A fox was trotting on one day and he saw lovely grapes just above his head. The grapes where rich, ripe and purple- red. He was impatient to grab the fruit but it was too high. He gave it up by letting out a deep sigh.
He then said to himself that he has wasted his time upon such a common fruit and he is sure that those grapes were sour.
The poet then concludes the poem by saying that we often say this in our real life. When we fail to do or achieve something in our lives, we often say like the fox that “we 're sure the grapes are sour”.
Write the synonyms of:
7. Pow'r- power.
8. Reynard- the proper name for a fox (in French fables)
9. Thro'- through
10. ‘Tis- it is
11. Seeking- attempt to find.
12. Wealth- money
COMPUTER
ALGORITHM AND FLOWCHART
Q2) WHAT IS AN ALGORITHM?
ANS) AN ALGORITHM IS A SEQUENCE OF STEPS CARRIED OUT TO SOLVE A GIVEN PROBLEM. ALGORITHMS ARE WRITTEN USING SIMPLE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
Q3) WHAT IS A FLOWCHART?
ANS)A FLOWCHART IS A GRAPHICAL DEPICTION OF AN ALGORITHM..FLOW CHARTS SHOW THE SEQUENCE OF INFORMATION IN A PROGRAM. VARIOUS SYMBOLS ARE USED TO CREATE A FLOWCHART.
Q4) NAME SOME PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES.
ANS)COBOL,C++,JAVA AND HTML ARE SOME PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES.
Q5) WHAT ARE THE POINTS NEEDED TO BE KEPT IN MIND WHILE DRAWING A FLOWCHART?
ANS) THE POINTS ARE:
5. THERE CAN BE ONLY WON'T START AND STOP IN A FLOWCHART.
7. THE DIRECTION OF FLOW LINES MUST BE FROM TOP TO BUTTON OR LEFT TO RIGHT.
1. ARROWS MUST ALWAYS BE MARKED WITH ARROW HEADS.
1. USE PROPER SYMBOL AT EACH STEP LIKE INPUT/OUTPUT, DECISION OR PROCESSING.
Hindi 2ndlang
पक्षी रक्षक
· प्रत्येक मनुष्य को जीवन में अपना लक्ष्य निर्धारित करना चाहिए कि उसे जीवन में क्या बनना है और क्या करना है।
· मनुष्य को जिस काम को करने में ज्यादा अच्छा लगे कर्म क्षेत्र में वही काम करना चाहिए बिना मन के किया गया काम उन्नति दायक नहीं होता है।
यह कहानी हैसीरियल एक बच्चे कीजो न्यूजीलैंड में रहता था।उसे पढ़ाई लिखाई में कोई दिलचस्पी नहीं थी वह स्कूल नहीं जाना चाहता था वह हमेशा पेड़ों पर चढ़ना और पक्षियों की घोषणा में झांकना ही उसे अच्छा लगता था।तभी भारत से आए हुए डॉ राव भी मुस्कुराते हुए बोले कि बचपन में उन्हें भी पढ़ाई लिखाई में ज्यादा दिलचस्पी नहीं थी। डॉ राव उसे अपने कमरे में ले जाते हुए अपने लिखी कुछ पक्षियों के विषय में पुस्तक दिखाई शिरीन जब वह पुस्तक देखा उसमेंक ई दुर्लभ पक्षियों के चित्र थे । जिसे देखकरसिरिलआश्चर्यचकित दुआ और कहा ऐसे पक्षियों को उसने देखा है। तभी डॉक्टर ने कहा काला रोबिन नाम पक्षी बहुत ही दुर्लभ है यह तुमने कहा देखा तभी सिरिल ने कहा कि उसने व लूट के पेड़ के ऊपर ऐसे पक्षी को देखा है डॉ राव विश्वास नहीं कर पा रहे थे इसलिए वह दूरबीन लेकर पेड़ के नीचे उसके साथ गए और उन्होंने काफी इंतजार के बाद काले रॉबिन को देखा शिवा सुबह-सुबह भी काले रॉबिन को देखने गए और कहांकि यह प्रजाति विलुप्त हो चुकी है तुम अगर इनके अंडे को दूसरे चिड़ियों के घोसले में रख दो तोराबिन फिर से अंडे देंगे और इनकी प्रजातियां धीरे-धीरे बढ़ती रहेगी।सिरिल ने ऐसा ही किया। डॉ राव ने उसे सलाह दी चिड़ियों को देखनाजारी रखें इस तरह धीरे-धीरेसिरिलमे बदलाव आआया और वह अब पढाई के साथ साथ पक्षियों के बारे मे भी जानकारी लेता रहा
SUBJECT
TOPIC
SUMMARY
EXECUTION
MATHEMATICS
Ch: 6
Common Fractions
Multiplication of a whole number by a fractional number:
Note: To multiply a whole number by a fractional number, we convert the whole number into a fractional number and then multiply it by the given fractional number using the method of multiplication of a fractional number by a fractional number.
Continued product:
Note: To multiply more than two fractional numbers together, we multiply their numerators to ge the numerator and multiply their denominators to get the denominator of the required product.
[We should not forget to convert mixed number into improper fractions before multiplying.]
Exercise – 32
Find the value of:
7. of 155; 8. of 36
· Solution:
7. of 155 = = = 93
8. of 36 = = =
Multiply:
13. 52 14. 50 15. 40 2
16. 130 3
· Solution:
13. 52 = = = 16
14. 50 = = = 20
15. 40 2 = = = = 83
16. 130 3 = = = = 487
Exercise – 33
Simplify:
6. 2
· Solution:
6. 2 = =
= = = 19
8.
· Solution:
8. =
= = =
= = = 6
9.
· Solution:
9. =
= = =
= =
11.
· Solution:
11. =
= = = = =
=
12.
· Solution: 12.
= - = - = = =
Home Work
Ex- 32: 11. 60
Ex – 33: 7.
Class VI
SUBJECT
TOPIC
SUMMARY
EXECUTION
BIOLOGY
Ch-4
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
NUTRIENTS
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.
Types of nutrients
The six essential nutrients are vitamins, minerals, protein, fats, water, and carbohydrates.
NUTRITION
It is the process by which a living organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and for replacement of tissues.
Steps involved in the process of Nutrition
Five steps in the process of Nutrition in Animals
These are: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation and Egestion.
1. INGESTION:- The process of taking in food into the body is called Ingestion.
2. DIGESTION- It involves the break down of nutrients such as proteins into amino acids, carbohydrates into starch and fats into fatty acids and glycerol .
3. ABSORPTION- It involves the absorption of nutrients from the food by blood.
4. ASSIMILATION- It involves the process of transporting nutrients and water to all parts of the body by blood.
5. EGESTION- It involves the disposal of waste food out from the body.
***** Learn the Steps involved in the process of Nutrition
English literature
In the bazaars of Hyderabad- Sarojini Naidu
Through the poem In The Bazaars of Hyderabad Sarojini wanted to convey the message that India is rich in tradition and they don’t need the foreign products. So, she goes on to give a picture of a bazaar where traditional Indian products are ruling.
The poem is in the form of questions and answers. The poet asks the questions and the merchants answer them. Through this technique she make the picture of the bazaar visible to us.
Write the synonyms of:
1. Merchant- a person supplying goods to a particular trade.
2. Displayed- shown
3. Daggers- a short knife with pointed and edged blade used as a weapon.
4. Goldsmiths- A person who makes gold articles
5. Anklet-an ornament worn around an ankle.
6. Azure- bright blue in colour like a cloudless sky.
MATH
Number
H.C.F. and L.C.M.
Study Item : Some solved sums from exercise 8(A)
1)Write all the factors of:
(i) 15
Ans : Factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5 and 15.
(ii) 55
Ans : Factors of 55 are 1, 5, 11 and 55.
(iii) 48
Ans : Factors of 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16.24 and 48.
(iv) 36
Ans : Factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 ans 36.
(v) 84
Ans : Factors of 84 are 1, 2,3,4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 84.
2) Write all prime numbers :
(i) Less than 25
Ans : All prime numbers less than 25 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 and 23.
(ii) Between 15 and 35
Ans : All prime numbers between 15 and 35 are 17, 19, 23, 29 and 31.
(iii) Between 8 and 76
Ans : All prime numbers between 8 and 76 are 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71 and 73.
3) Write the prime numbers from :
(i) 5 to 45
Ans : All prime numbers from 5 to 45 are 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 29,31, 37, 41 and 43.
4) Write the prime factors of :
(i) 16
Ans : All the factors of 16 are 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16.
Therefore, prime factor of 16 = 2
(ii) 27
Ans : All the factors of 27 are 1, 3, 9 and 27.
Therefore, prime factor of 27 = 3
(iii) 35
Ans : All the factors of 35 are 1, 5, 7 and 35.
Therefore, prime factors of 35 = 5 and 7
(iv) 49
Ans : All the factors of 49 are 1, 7 and 49.
Therefore, prime factor of 49 = 7
5) If Pn means prime factors of n , find :
(i) P6
Ans : F6 = 1,2,3 and 6
Therefore, P.F6 = 2 and 3
(ii) P24
Ans : F24 = 1, 2, 3,4,6,8,12 and 24
Therefore, P.F24 = 2 and 3
(iii) P50
Ans : F50 = 1, 2,5, 10,25 and 50
Therefore, P.F50 = 2 and 5
(iv) P42
Ans : F42 = 1, 2,3, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 42
Therefore, P.F42 = 2, 3 and 7.
BENGALI(2ND LANGUAGE)
পশুপাখিরভাষা
সুবিনয়রায়চৌধুরী
রিউবেন ক্যাস্টং নামে একজন সাহেব পশুপাখিদের ভাষা নিয়ে গবেষণা করেছেন। তিনি পশুপাখির মনের ভাষা বুঝতে পারেন। তাদের ভাষা বুঝতে পারেন বলে তিনি বন জঙ্গলে অনেক বার বিপদ আর মৃত্যুর মুখোমুখি হয়েও প্রানে বেঁচে ফিরে ছেন। এক কথায় বলা যায় ক্যাস্টং সাহেবের পশুদের ভাষার জ্ঞান আছে। তিনি জংলি হাতির সামনে অনেক বার পরেছেন, বাঘের গরম নিঃশ্বাস অনুভব করেছেন।
সাহেব বলছেন; যদি আমারা পশুপাখির ভাষায় ওদের সাথে কথা বলি তাহলে আমরা ওদের বন্ধু হতে পারি, ওদের আদব কায়দা অনুসারে ওদের কাছে গেলে কোন ভয়ের কারণ থাকবে না।
ক্যাস্টং সাহেব প্রায় চল্লিশ বছর পশুপাখিদের সঙ্গে কাটিয়েছেন। তাঁর অভিজ্ঞতায় পোষা জন্তুরা জঙ্গলের জন্তুদের তুলনায় বেশি চেঁচামেচি করে। জঙ্গলের জন্তুদের সর্বদা জঙ্গলে প্রাণ বাঁচিয়ে চলতে হয় তাই তারা নীরব হয়। সাহেব পশুপাখির আওয়াজ অবিকল নকল করে অনেক বার প্রানে বেঁচেছেন। পশুদের মধ্যে শিম্পাঞ্জি, ওরাং ওটাং, বনমানুষ এদের বিশেষ কিছু ভাষা নেই। ক্যাস্টং সাহেব আরও বলেন হাতি, সিংহ, বাঘ, শ্বেত ভাল্লুকের এদের গায়ে হাত দেবার আগে বিশেষ কতগুলি দিক লক্ষ্য রাখতে হবে, আমাদের আওয়াজে ওরা সারা দিচ্ছে কিনা। তার পর খুব সাবধানে অত্যন্ত ধীরে ধীরে মেজাজ বুঝে এগিয়ে গায়ে হাত দিতে হবে। যেমন বাঘের চেয়ে চিতা সহজে তাড়াতাড়ি পোষ মানে আর ভাব পাতায় কারণ চিতাকে দেখলে অনেটা বিড়াল- বিড়াল মনে হয়। নিরামিষাশী জন্তুরা লোভী তারা খাবারের লোভে ভাব পাতায়। কিন্তু আমিষাশী জন্তুরা লোভী নয় এরা খাবারের জন্য কারো সাথে ভাব পাতায় না, খাবারের সময় এরা কারো সঙ্গে ভাব করেনা। শিম্পাঞ্জি, ওরাংওটাং, বনমানুষ এরা তো মানুষেরই জাতভাই এদের ভাষা তেমন নেই তবে এরা ভালোবাসা, সহানু ভূতি বোঝে, ভাব পাতায় মানুষেরই মতো। গরিলাও অনেকটা এরকম কিন্তু একটু চালাক কম।
শব্দার্থ
ভাষা- মনের ভাব প্রকাশ করার মাধ্যম।
জীব- যাদের প্রাণ আছে
পরস্পর- একে অপর
গাম্ভীর্য- গম্ভীর
আকর্ষণ- আকৃষ্ট করা
ভাবপাতানো- বন্ধুত্ব করা
জ্ঞান- কোন বিষয়ে অধিকজানা
সাক্ষাৎ- দেখা
নিরাপদ- বিপদ মুক্ত
আদবকায়দা- ব্যবহারের রীতিনীতি
মাহুত- হাতি চালায় যিনি
অবিকল- হুবুহুবু
ইশারা- ইঙ্গিত
চেঁচামেচি- চিৎকার
গবেষণা- পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা
নিরামিষাশী- যে/যারা নিরামিষ খাদ্য খায়
আমিষাশী- যে/যারা আমিষ খাদ্য খায়
সহানুভূতি- সমবেদনা
চালাক- বুদ্ধিমান
HINDI
मंत्र
6. बूढ़े व्यक्ति ने डॉक्टर साहब के आगे पगड़ी उतार कर क्यों रखदी?
7. सांप के काटने पर कैलाश के साथ क्या हुआ ?
8. मृणालिनी कैलाश से किस काम को करने के लिए जिद करने लगी? कैलाश ने पहले-पहले मना क्यों कर दिया था?
9.साफ द्वारा काटे जाने पर डॉक्टर चड्ढा क्या करना चाहते थे? पर कैलाश उनकी बात क्यों नहीं मान रहा था?
10.डॉ चड्डा का घर उजड गया यह सुनते ही भगत तेज – तेज कदमों से क्यों चलने लगा? डॉ तथा भगत के चरित्र में क्या अंतर था ?
उत्तर
6. बूढ़े व्यक्ति ने डॉक्टर साहब के आगे पगड़ी उतार कर अपने बच्चे के इलाज के लिए राख दी।
7.वह अचेत हो गया और उसका शरीर भी नीला पढ़ गया।
8.मृणालिनी कैलाश से साफ दिखाने के लिए जिद कर रही थी और कैलाश ने डाल ने का कोशिश कर रहा था क्यों कि रात का समय था|
Subject-French (3rd Language)
Class VII
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Hindi 2ndlang
एक था राम
7.राम ने पश्चाताप कैसे किया ?
8.रवि शंकर जी एक समझदार एवं दयालु अध्यापक थे इस कथन को सिद्ध करो ।
9.अध्यापक ने राम से किस बात के लिए संकोच ना करने के लिए कहा था ?
10.राम ने अपना विवेक कब खो दिया ?
11.“आपकी हिम्मत कैसे हुई मुझे नकल में पकड़ने की”
क) यह किसने कहा? किस को कहा?
ख)राम ने गुरु का अपमान क्यों किया ?
ग)“उल्टा चोर कोतवाल को डांटे” मुहावरे का अर्थ लिखकर वाक्य प्रयोग करो ।
उत्तर
7.अध्यापक से माफी मांगने का निश्चय करके और खराब दोस्तों की संगति छोड़कर।
8.उन्होंने राम की नकल वाली पर्ची अवश्य ली किंतु राम को निष्कासित होने से बचा लिया। यदि वे चाहते तो फोरम भरवा लेते और उसका 1 साल बर्बाद हो जाता।
9.अध्यापक ने राम को गणित के सवाल पूछने में ना संकोच करने के लिए कहा।
10.अपने गुरु का अपमान करते समय राम ने अपना विवेक खो दिया।
11.क)यह कथन राम ने अपने अध्यापक को कहा।
ख)राम को संगति के प्रभाव में आकर अपने गुरु का अपमान कर बैठा परंतु गुरु अपना बड़प्पन दिखाते हुए कुछ नहीं बोले।
ग)अपनी गलती ना मानकर दूसरों को दोष देना।
वाक्य-रामनकल भी कर रहा था और पकड़े जाने पर अपने गुरु को कहा आपकी हिम्मत कैसे हुई मुझे नकल करते हुए पकड़ने की।
বাংলা
**বই–বাংলা ভাষা অন্বেষা
পাঠ–৪
বিষয়–কারক–বিভক্তি - অনুসর্গ
প্রশ্ন :-
৪। বিভক্তি কাকে বলে যেসব বর্ণ বা বর্ণ শব্দ বা ধাতুর সঙ্গে যুক্ত হয়ে শব্দ বা ধাতুকে পথে পরিণত করে এবং কারক সম্বন্ধ নির্ণয়ে সাহায্য করে তাদের বিভক্তি বলে।
যেমন :- রামের আজ ছুটি।
( রাম + এর ) রাম শব্দের সাথে এরবর্ণগুচ্ছযুক্ত হয়ে বাক্য গঠন হয়েছে। এখানে ‘এর’ হলো বিভক্তি।
৫। শূন্য বিভক্তি কি?
উঃবিভক্তিহীন ভাবে কোন শব্দেই পদে পরিণত হতে পারে না , তাই যেখানে আপাতদৃষ্টিতে মনে হয় বিভক্তি নেই; সেখানে শূন্য বিভক্তি আছে ধরা হয়।
যেমন :- রাম ভাত খায়।
এখানে আপাতদৃষ্টিতে মনে হচ্ছে কোন বিভক্তি নেই তাই ধরা হয় ‘রাম’ - এর সাথে শূন্য বিভক্তি যুক্ত হয়েছে।
৬। অনুসর্গ কাকে বলে?
উঃবিভক্তিছাড়া কয়েকটিঅব্যয়পদ নামপদের পরে আলাদাভাবে বসে সেই পদের কারক নির্ণযে সাহায্য করে এবং বাক্যকে অর্থবহ করে তোলে , সেই অব্যয় পদ গুলিকে অনুসর্গ বলে। যেমন :- রামের চেয়েশ্যাম বড়।
এখানে ‘চেয়ে’অব্যয়পদটিহলোঅনুসর্গ।
History and civics
The Delhi Sultanate
Case study:
The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320 – 1414 AD)
GhiyasuddinTughlaq (1320 – 1325 AD)
Ghazi Malik took the title of GhiyasuddinTughlaq Shah and ascended the throne in 1320 AD. He was a kind ruler and a patron of learning. He died in 1325 AD when a pavilion built for a public reception in his honour, collapsed.
Muhammad-bin Tughlaq (1325- 1351 AD)
Ghiyasuddin was succeeded by his son Muhammad-bin Tughlaq. He is known for his various projects-
Taxation in Doab
Transfer of capital
Introduction of Token Currency
Plans of conquests
The result of his failure was that although he had inherited a vast kingdom, but at the time of his death (1351 AD), it was considerably reduced in size. He was succeeded by his cousin Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351 -1388 AD)
Ten years after Firoz Shah's death (1388 AD), Timur who had risen to power in Central Asia, invaded Delhi. Tughlaq Dynasty came to an end in 1413 AD.
Comparative study between the Khiljis and Tughlaqs
1.The Khiljis ruled for the shortest period whereas the Tughlaqs ruled for the longest period.
2.The Khiljis expanded their kingdom but the Tughlaqs had Delhi and some adjoining areas.
3.The Khiljis had stable administration whereas the Tughlaqs couldn’t maintain peace and prosperity.
4.The Khilji sultan Alauddin was an example of success whereas Muhammad Tughlaq represented failure.
5.The rule of the Khiljis was the period of the ascendence of the Sultanate whereas the rule of Tughlaqs was marked by disintegration.
6.The buildings of the Khilji period are full of Muslim architectural ideas. But the buildings of the Tughlaq period lack that grace and beauty.
1. Who put an end to the Khilji Dynasty?
Ans: GhiyasuddinTughlaq.
2. What were the various projects did Muhammad-bin Tughlaq introduced?
Ans: Taxation in Doab, transfer of capital, introduction of Token Currency and plans of conquests.
3. Write at least three differences between the Khiljis and Tughlaqs.
Ans: 1. The Khiljis ruled for the shortest period whereas the Tughlaqs ruled for the longest period.
2. The Khiljis had a stable administration but the Tughlaqs were not able to maintain peace and prosperity.
3. The Khilji sultan Alauddin was an example of success whereas Muhammad Tughlaq represented failure.
Biology
Chapter - 3 : Photosynthesis and respiration in plants
All living organism
( plants and animals ) need food for energy and growth . Green plants ( autotrophs ) prepare food for all living organisms.
Today we will discuss about stomata and its working.
Q4. What do you mean by stomata ? Draw the structure of open stomata . Write about working of stomata.
· The undersurface of leaves have numerous minute pores called stomata.
THE STRUCTURE OF STOMATA:
WORKING OF STOMATA:
· I) The main function of stomata is to let carbon-di-oxide enter the leaf for the process of photosynthesis .
· Ii) During day time, stomata are open to allow carbon-di-oxide to enter the leaf .
· Iii) During day time, the guard cells absorb water from the adjacent epidermal cells.
· Iv) This causes the guard cells to swell and bulge outwards , resulting in the opening of stomata.
· V) During the night time , the guard cells not lose water through transpiration .So, loose their turgidity and become flaccid ,resulting in the closing of stomata.
GEOGRAPHY
ATMOSPHERE
THE OZONE LAYER AND ITSIMPORTANCE:
· Ozone (O3) is a heat trapping gas.
· Ozone (O3) located in the stratosphere.
· Ozone (O3) absorbs ultraviolet rays (UV ray)
Causes of Depletion of Ozone Layer:
Certain human activities release chlorofluorocarbons and other harmfulchemicals that destroy the beneficial ozone layer.
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)contain chlorine that strikes the ozone and splits it apart. Thus, they are a major cause behind the thinning of the ozone layer.
Chlorofluorocarbon is far less abundant than carbon dioxide but they are 10000times more powerful as a greenhouse gas.
Impact of Depletion of Ozone Layer:
1. The ozone hole lets in increased amounts of harmful UV rays and infrared rays that can causes skin cancer.
2. These rays adversely affect plants.
3. They can destroy aquatic life by penetrate in water.
Efforts toPrevent of Ozone Layer Depletion:
1. Several countries met in the city of Montrealin Canada on 16th September 1987 to agree to the Montreal Protocol. The chief objective was to reach a global agreement to reduce the production of the Ozone Depleting Substances.
2. All over the world, 16thSeptember is celebrated as the World Ozone Day.
3. We should purchase products that are labeled ozone friendly' or CFC-free.
(Chapter Completed)
Q1. What is Ozone? Where it is found?
A1. Ozone (O3) is a heat trapping gas. It is located in the stratosphere of atmosphere.
Q2. What is main cause of ozone depletion?
A2. Certain human activities release chlorofluorocarbons and other harmfulchemicals that destroy the beneficial ozone layer.
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)contain chlorine that strikes the ozone and splits it apart. Thus, they are a major cause behind the thinning of the ozone layer. Chlorofluorocarbon is far less abundant than carbon dioxide but they are 10000times more powerful as a greenhouse gas.
Q3. Which date celebrates as World Ozone Day?
A3. All over the world, 16thSeptember is celebrated as the World Ozone Day.
Math
Number System
Decimal Fraction
What is decimal places ?
Ans : The number of figures that follow the decimal point is called the number of decimal places.
Example: 59.83 have 2 decimal places.
46.153 have 3 decimal places.
There are two types of decimal places – (i) Like decimal places; (ii) Unlike decimal places.
What is like decimal places?
Ans : Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like decimals.
Example :3.9 , 8.7 and 13.6
What is unlike decimal places?
Ans : Decimals having unequal number of decimal places are called unlike decimals.
Example : 4.82 has 2 decimal places and 54.327 has 3 decimal places
So, 4.82 and 54.327 are unlike fraction.
Some solved sums from exercise – 4(A)
1) Convert the following into fractions in their lowest terms:
(i) 3.75
Ans : 3.75 = 375/100 = 15/4 (both the numbers divide by 25 )
(v) 2.405
Ans : 2.405 = 2405/1000 = 481/200
2)Convert into decimal fractions :
(ii) 79/100
Ans : 79/100 = 0.79
(v) ¾
Ans : 3/4 = (3×25)/(4×25) = 75/100 = 0.75
3)Write the number of decimal places in :
(i) 0.4762
Ans : 0.4762 , it has 4 decimal places.
(vi) 0.000879
Ans : 0.000879 , it has 6 decimal places.
4) Write the foiiowing decimals as word statesments :
(i) 0.4 = zero-point-four.
0.9 = zero-point-nine.
0.1 = zero-point- one.
(iv) 0.005 = zero-point-zero-zero-five.
0.207 = zero-point-two-zero-seven.
111.519 = one hundred eleven- point-five-one-nine.
5)Convert the given fractions into like fractions :
(i) 0.5 , 3.62 , 43.981 and 232.0037
Ans : The like fractions of above decimal fractions.
Therefore, like fraction :
0.5 = 0.5000
3.62 = 3.6200
43.981 = 43.9810
232.0037 = 232.0037
English Literature
The North Ship
Answer the following questions:-
1) What does the fearful trip symbolize?Ans:- The poem opens by celebrating that “our fearful trip is done.” The “fearful trip” is the mission through which the captain has led his people. It is a symbol for the Civil war itself, which divided the country and left more than 600,000 dead.
2) What does the ship symbolize?Ans:- Water represents the Holy Spirit and Everlasting Life. Ships symbolize trade, commerce and wealth. The ark of Noah, represents God’s faithful floating to safety through the great flood. The ship is a symbol of the church, with the cross as its mast.
3) What is the theme of the poem the North ship?Ans:- Larkin’s poem, “The North Ship’, concerns the sailing of three ships. Each of the ships “goes sailing by” past the speaker of the poem. The poem depicts these ships as each undertaking qualitatively different journeys, experiencing success, hardship and suffering depending on the direction taken.
4) What is the difference between a ship and a vessel?Ans:- a ship is a large ocean going vessel. A ship is a sailing vessel that uses wind power or stream power or other man made energy sources, rigged in such a manner that will allow it to sail and be controlled. A ship is a floating vessel that transports cargo in order to earn revenue.
G.K
Chapter-1
Inside the Human Body.
Read and name the organs:-
1) Liver (h)
2) Bladder ( c)
3) Spinal Cord (d)
4) Brain (f)
5) Pancreas (a)
6) Heart (e)
7) Kidneys (g)
8) Ear ( b)
Fill in the blank space:-
1) Blood takes less than 90 seconds on an average to circulate through all the body’s 100,000 km of blood vessels.
2) Insulin is made in the pancreas of oxen.
Class VIII
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
CHEMISTRY
Chapter –Physical and Chemical Changes
Every day, we see different types of changes around us, like day turning into night, the season changing from winter to summer, melting of ice to water, cooking of food, etc. Changes take place all around us all the time.
· Types of changes
1. Slow changes and fast changes
Some changes are fast and immediately observable, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, flooding, and landslides. Other changes are slower and occur over a longer period of time, such as weathering and erosion.
2. Natural and Man made changes
Changes which are done due to nature such as changes of day – night , earthquakes of a place etc are natural changes where as changes caused due to human activities such as pollution is man made changes.
3. Periodic and Non periodic changes
Periodic changes are changes that occur periodically at regular intervals and non-periodic changes are changes that do not occur periodically at regular intervals.
4. Reversible and Irreversible changes
A reversible change is a change that can be undone or reversed.If you can get back the substances you started the reaction with, that's a reversible reaction.
A change is called irreversible if it cannot be changed back again.In an irreversible change, new materials are always formed. Sometimes these new materials are useful to us.
5. Physical and Chemical changes
Physical changes only change the appearance of a substance, not its chemical composition. Chemical changes cause a substance to change into an entirely substance with a new chemical formula. Chemical changes are also known as chemical reactions.
GEOGRAPHY
MIGRATION
IMPACT OF MIGRATION ONSOCIOECONOMIC STRUCTUREOF THE SOCIETY:
Human migration takes place to maintain balance between the physical/natural resources and human populations living in an area. Throughout history, there has been movement of human population across the world, which has contributed towards sustainable management and utilization of resources.
However, the impact of migration can be both beneficial and non-beneficial depending upon the respective perspectives of the country from where the migration takes place and the host country.
1. Migration leads to the growth of new cities and satellite towns, which we call the urban sprawl. For example, Navi Mumbai, Gurugram and Noida in India.
2. Migration may sometimes lead to overpopulation in reverie deltas and coastal plains as these areas provide greater opportunities in terms of livelihood.3. Problems related to overcrowding are also caused due to migration. As a result unhygienic living conditions may develop.
4. Migration nay result in geopolitical problems when refugees me to a country in large numbers.
5. Some countries such as Canada, Australia and Venezuela develop their resources with the help of emigrant population.
6. Migration also leads to exchange of culture. The presence of Dutch, Portuguese, French and British colonies in India have contributed to Indian cultural history European and Asian populations that provide a unique character to the culture.
7. International migrants have the potential of transferring their skills to the destination country, as a result of which brain drain' takes place in their home country. We shall read more about 'brain drain' subsequently.
Q1. Write any one positive and negative impact of migration on our society.
A1. Positive impact: Migration leads to the growth of new cities and satellite towns, which we call the urban sprawl. For example, Navi Mumbai, Gurugram and Noida in India.
Negative impact: Problems related to overcrowding are also caused due to migration. As a result unhygienic living conditions may develop.
Q2. What do you mean by emigrant population? Write its effect.
A2. A person who leaves their own country in order to settle permanently in another.
Some countries such as Canada, Australia and Venezuela develop their resources with the help of emigrant population.
COMPUTER
ALGORITHMS AND FLOWCHART
Q1) WHAT IS A FLOWCHART? WHAT ARE THE RULES OF A FLOWCHART?
ANS)A FLOWCHART IS A GRAPHICAL DEPICTION OF AN ALGORITHM..FLOW CHARTS SHOW THE SEQUENCE OF INFORMATION IN A PROGRAM. VARIOUS SYMBOLS ARE USED TO CREATE A FLOWCHART.
THE RULES OF A FLOWCHART ARE:
1. THERE CAN BE ONLY WON'T START AND STOP IN A FLOWCHART.
2. THE DIRECTION OF FLOW LINES MUST BE FROM TOP TO BUTTON OR LEFT TO RIGHT.
3. ARROWS MUST ALWAYS BE MARKED WITH ARROW HEADS.
4. USE PROPER SYMBOL AT EACH STEP LIKE INPUT/OUTPUT, DECISION OR PROCESSING.
Q2) WHAT IS AN ALGORITHM? WHAT ARE ITS CHARACTERISTICS?
ANS)AN ALGORITHM IS A SEQUENCE OF STEPS CARRIED OUT TO SOLVE A GIVEN PROBLEM. ALGORITHMS ARE WRITTEN USING SIMPLE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ALGORITHM ARE:
· ALGORITHM MUST BE EFFICIENT AND WRITTEN WITH CLEAR AND LIMITED NUMBER OF STEPS.
· IT SHOULD ACCEPT A SET OF INPUTS AND PRODUCE AND OUTPUT.
· AN ALGORITHM MUST WRITTEN USING SIMPLE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND INDEPENDENT FROM A COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.
· IT SHOULD DEVELOP A EASY PLATFORM FOR WRITING PROGRAMS.
Q3) DEFINE THE FOLLOWING AND DRAW THEIR SYMBOLS:
ANS)
English
Literature
The west wind-
John Mansfield.
In the poem 'The West Wind' by John Masefield, the poet starts by describing, with very poetic imagery of birds, how the west wind is different from other winds 'it's a warm wind, full of birds' cries.' There is a touch of melancholy, perhaps home-sickness as he describes how it brings tears too, and memories from an old land. He goes on to describe the restful, pastoral beauty of the land where even the dead can lie in the green. He then brings in voices, perhaps of family and friends, calling him home as he is missing April's beauty. The voices then tempt him some more with idyllic images from home (white blossom, young green corn, running rabbits, warm sun.) The voices seem to presume that the poet's heart is sorrowful, bruised and sore. The end of the poem sees the poet appear to make a decision. he will go home as he has decided that is where he truly belongs.
Answer the following questions.
1. Why does the poet welcome the west wind?
The poet welcomes the west wind as a poet belongs from the west. So, whenever the wind blows, he is reminded of his homeland, the memories of cool green grass, Apple orchids, rabbits running in the grass etc.
2. What kind of life does the poet say he is leading at the time the west wind is blowing?
The poet is leading a miserable Life away from his homeland. The poet feels nostalgic. He expresses his deep love for his homeland. When the West wind blows it brings his childhood memories back and he craves for the serenity and the peace of the country life. He is tired exhausted, lonely and forlorn. He appears to be emotionally tired or exhausted and longs to go back to his native place.
3. What are the good things in the West which the poet is reminded about?
The good things in the West was the poet is reminded about are the old brown hills, daffodils, birds cries, Apple orchids, larks and thrushes singing, bright sun, warm rain, April’s blossom, young green corn where the rabbits run, blue sky, white clouds, wild bees ,green wheat etc.
HISTORY AND CIVICS
Traders To Rulers
DOCTRINE OF LAPSE:-
The doctrine of lapse was an annexation policy applied by the British East India Company in India until 1859. According to the doctrine, any Indian princely state under the suzerainty of the British East India Company (the dominant imperial power in the subcontinent), as a vassal state under the British subsidiary system, would have its princely status abolished (and therefore be annexed into British India) if the ruler was either "manifestly incompetent or died without a male heir. The latter supplanted the long-established right of an Indian sovereign without an heir to choose a successor. In addition, the British decided whether potential rulers were competent enough. The doctrine and its applications were widely regarded by many Indians as illegitimate.
The policy is most commonly associated with Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General of the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856. However, it was articulated by the Court of Directors of the East India Company as early as 1847 and several smaller states had already been annexed under this doctrine before Dalhousie took over the post of Governor-General.[citation needed] Dalhousie used the policy most vigorously and extensively, though, so it is generally associated with him.
*** Answer the following questions:-
SHORT NOTES:- Doctrine of lapse.
Class IX
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
English
Language
Letter- Informal
Informal / personal letters are written to friends , relations or family members.
The heading: the address should be written at the right hand corner ( old format) / left hand corner of the page followed by the date.
Date should never be written as 9.06.20.
Address should be written in block style eg;
14, Ripon street,
Park Road,
Kolkata.
9th June, 2020.
Salutation: The form greeting will depend upon the relation in which you stand to the person to whom you are writing. Usually letters begins with “Dear”.
Body: This is the main part of the letter. should be written in the natural style and divided into paragraph and the language used should be direct and relevant.
Subscription: end the letter with “Yours”. Note that “Y” is capital and there’s no apostrophe before “s”.
The signature: this should be placed underneath the subscription and clearly written.
1. You have recovered from a long illness. Write a letter to your cousin and share your experience.
Or.
2. You have a recently visited a wildlife sanctuary with a group of friends, where you were all chased by a wild animal. Write a letter to your brother telling him about the scary experience and how you manage to get away safely.
Commercial Studies
Chapter:Joint Stock Company
Today let us discuss about the types of Joint Stock Company based on Membership:
On the basis of number of members the companies are classified as:
Private Limited company
Public Limited Company
Government Company
.
Question:
Classify Joint Stock Company based on membership.
Answer)
(i) Private Limited company:
A private company means a company which by its articles of association:
(i) Restricts the right to transfer its shares
(ii) Limits the number of its members to fifty (excluding members who are or were in the employment of the company) and
(iii) Prohibits any invitation to the public to subscribe for any shares or debentures of the company.
(iv) Where two or more persons hold one or more shares in a company jointly, they are treated as a single member. There should be at least two persons to form a private company and the maximum number of members in a private company cannot exceed 50. A private limited company is required to add the words “Private
ii) Public Limited Company:
Public company means a company which is not a private company. There must be at least seven persons to form a public company. It is of the essence of a public company that its articles do not contain provisions restricting the number of its members or excluding generally the transfer of its shares to the public or prohibiting any invitation to the public to subscribe for its shares or debentures. Only the shares of a public company are capable of being dealt in on a stock exchange.
iii) Government Company:
It means any company in which not less than 51 percent of the paid up share capital is held by the Central Govt, and/or by any State Government or Governments or partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments. The subsidiary of a Government company is also a Government company
Economics
Chapter-5
Primary Sector: Agriculture
Let us today start with a new chapter
Primary Sector: Agriculture
The modern economy can be divided into three sectors that reflect the economic development of that society.
The three sectors of an Economy are-
Primary Sector
Secondary Sector
Tertiary Sector
Question
1. Explain the meaning of Primary Sector.
Answer)
The primary sector involves the extraction of raw materials from the earth. This extraction results in raw materials and basic foods, such as coal, wood, iron and corn. The types of workers in this sector include farmers, coal miners and hunters.
Currently, only 3% of our nation's labor force is engaged in primary sector activity.
2) Explain the meaning of Secondary sector.
Answer) The secondary sector involves the transformation of raw materials into goods. This transformation results in wood being made into furniture, steel being made into cars or textiles being made into clothes, as examples. The types of workers in this sector include a seamstress, factory worker or craftsman.
3) Explain the term Tertiary Sector.
Answer) The term tertiary or service sector is concerned with the intangible aspect of offering services to consumers and business. It involves retail of manufactured goods. It also provides services, such as insurance and banking. In the twentieth century, the service sector has grown due to improved labour productivity and higher disposable income. More disposable income enables more spending on ‘luxury’ service items, such as tourism and restaurants.
Chemistry
Ch-1
The Language of Chemistry
*Relative atomic mass
*Relative molecular mass
*Percentage composition
1) Relative Atomic Mass:-
It is the average relative mass of an atom of the element as compared with the mass of 12C atom taken as 12 units.
· Atomic mass
= (mass of 1 atom of an element/ mass of 1 atom of hydrogen )
=(mass of 1 atom of the element/ mass of 1/12 atom of Carbon)
· Unit= a.m.u.
· 1 a.m.u = 1/12 the mass of 12C atom
2) Gram Atomic Mass:-
It is the atomic mass of an element in grams which is numerically equal to the atomic mass of an element.
It is also called as “Gram-atom".
· Unit= grams(g)
· Number of grams-atom
= (mass in grams/ gram atomic mass)
3) Relative Molecular Mass:-
It is the average relative mass of a molecule of an element or a chemical compound as compared to the mass of a 12C atom .
· Unit= a.m.u
· Molecular Mass
= (mass of one molecule of the substance)/ (mass of 1/12 atom of carbon)
4) Gram-Molecular Mass:-
It is the molecular mass of a substance(in a.m.u) expressed in grams which is numerically equal to its molecular mass.
It is also called as gram-molecule.
· Unit= gram-moles
· 1 gram-mole
= mass in grams/gram-molecular mass
5) Percentage Composition:-
It is the percentage by weight of each element present in the compound.
It is also the number of parts by weight of it present in 100 parts by weight of the compound.
% by mass of X
=( mass of X/ mass of sample) *100)
Q. What is Atomic Mass Unit(a.m.u.)?
A. Since the 12C atom has been assigned an atomic mass of 1w units, the atomic mass unit(a.m.u.) should be 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom.
Thus,
1 a.m.u. = ( 1/12) the mass of 12C atom.
Q. What do you mean by 16 a.m.u. oxygen?
A.
We know that,
Atomic mass of oxygen= 16 a.m.u
So, 1 gram atom of Oxygen
=gram-atomic mass of Oxygen
=16 g
Therefore, 16 a.m.u oxygen refers to the 16 g oxygen present there.
Q. How can you calculate the molecular mass of an H2SO4 molecule?
A.
We know that molecular mass of a substance can be obtained by adding the atomic masses of all the atoms present in a molecule of the substance.
So,
the molecular mass of H2SO4
=2×(atomic mass of H)+(atomic mass of S) + 4×(atomic mass of O)
= 2×1+32+4×16
=2+32+64
=98 a.m.u
Q. Calculate the molecular weight of CuSO4.5H2O ?
A. Mol. Wt of CuSO4.5H2O
= At. Mass of Cu+ At. Mass of S+ 4×(At. Mass of O) + 5×( 2× At. Mass f H + At. Mass of O)
=63.5+ 32+ (4×16)+5×(2+16)
=63.5 +32 + 64+ 5×(18)
= 63.5 + 32+ 64+ 90
= 249 a.m.u.
Q. What do you mean by 1 mole?
A.It is the quantity of matter containing 6.023× 10 23 particles of that species.
EVS
Chapter 3 –How Ecosystems Work
Energy Flow
The energy of food is the main source of energy required by all living organisms. This energy is transmitted to different trophic levels along the food chain.
Energy Flow in Ecosystem
The energy flow takes place via food chain and food web. During the process of energy flow in the ecosystem, plants being the producers absorb sunlight with the help of the chloroplasts and a part of it is transformed into chemical energy n in the process of photosynthesis.
This energy is stored in various organic products in the plants and passed on to the primary consumers in the food chain when the herbivores consume (primary consumers) the plants as food and convert chemical energy accumulated in plant products into kinetic energy, degradation of energy will occur through its conversion into heat.
Then followed by the secondary consumers. When these herbivores are consumed by carnivores of the first order (secondary consumers) further degradation will occur. Finally, when tertiary consumers consume the carnivores, again energy will be degraded. Thus, the energy flow is unidirectional in nature.
The energy flow in the ecosystem is important to maintain an ecological balance.
Learn –
What is energy flow and why it is important?
Class X
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Commercial Studies
Chapter-
Banking
Sub Part-
E-Banking
Let us today discuss about the meaning of;
E-Banking
Automated Teller Machine( ATM)
Debit Card
Credit Card
Tele Banking
Core Banking Solution
Bank Draft
Immediate Payment System
Question:
Write the meaning of the following terms:
1. Electronic Fund Transfer-Electronic funds transfer or (EFT) is common with businesses and with individuals. Electronic funds transfer is the electronic communication used to transfer cash from one bank account to another. EFTs don’t require paper or checks to transfer cash between accounts. Banks can simply make a journal entry and the cash is taken from one account and placed in another.
2. Auomated Teller Machine (ATM)-An ATM is a machine built into the wall of a bank or other building, which allows people to take out money from their bank account by using a special card. ATM is an abbreviation for 'automated teller machine'.
3. Debit Card- Debit Card (also known as a bank card, plastic card or check card) is a plastic payment card that can be used instead of cash when making purchases. It is similar to a credit card, but unlike a credit card, the money is immediately transferred directly from the cardholder's bank account when performing any transaction.
4. Credit Card- Credit Card is a payment card issued to users (cardholders) to enable the cardholder to pay a merchant for goods and services based on the cardholder's promise to the card issuer to pay them for the amounts plus the other agreed charges.The card issuer (usually a bank) creates a revolving account and grants a line of credit to the cardholder, from which the cardholder can borrow money for payment to a merchant or as a cash advance.
5. Tele Banking- Telephone banking is a service provided by a bank or other financial institution, that enables customers to perform over the telephone a range of financial transactions which do not involve cash or Financial instruments (such as cheques), without the need to visit a bank branch or ATM.
6. Core Banking Solution- Core banking can be defined as a back-end system that processes banking transactions across the various branches of a bank. ... Among the integral core banking services are floating new accounts, servicing loans, calculating interests, processing deposits and withdrawals, and customer relationship management activities.
7. Bank Draft- Bank draft provided to a customer of a bank or acquired from a bank for remittance purposes, that is drawn by the bank, and drawn on another bank or payable through or at a bank.
8. Immediate payment Service- Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) is an instant payment inter-bank electronic funds transfer system in India. IMPS offers an inter-bank electronic fund transfer service through mobile phones. Unlike RTGS, the service is available 24x7 throughout the year including bank holidays. NEFT is also made available 24x7 from Dec 2019.
Geography
Water Resources
IRRIGATION:
India is an agricultural country and, for successful agriculture, water is an important input. This water can be supplied naturally by rainfall, but if it is sufficient, then it must be provided by artificial means. This process of supplying water by artificial means is called irrigation.
Irrigation is the key to the success of India'sagriculture because of the following reasons:
1. Uneven distribution of rain – Places like Assam and West Bengal receive150-250 cm, while Rajasthan rarely gets even25 cm.
2. Seasonal rainfall – India's rainfall isconcentrated over a 4-month period from Juneto September, while the rest of the year is dry.
3. India's agricultural season extends over wintertoo. But the greater part of India has dry winter.Irrigation allows year-long cultivation.
4. Indian monsoons are most uncertain. Latearrival or early withdrawal of the monsoonsaffects crop production severely.
5. All crops do not have the same waterrequirement. Crops like rice, wheat, sugar caneand jute need much more water than others.Only sufficient amounts supplied by irrigationcan meet the water needs of these crops.
METHODS OF IRRIGATION:
(a) Primitive Methods: It includes wells, tanksand inundation canals.
(b) Modern Methods: It includescanals, rain water harvesting.
Wells:Wells are an age-old method of providing waterfor agriculture, drinking and for other householdpurpose. A hole is dug in the ground to obtainsub-soil water.
Wells are the simplest and the cheapest sourceof irrigation. Wells can be dug at any convenientplace, It is an independent source of irrigation andit may be used as and when the necessity arises.But wells dry up during the dry summers andfail to provide water when it is needed the most.A well can water only a limited amount of land,normally 1-2 hectares. lt is time-consuming.
Tank Irrigation:
This type of irrigation is done by constructing earthen or masonry walls across a stream or depression. Rainwater, during the rainy the rainy seasons collects here and it is then used when needed especially in the dry season. The ground below the tank should be rocky to prevent percolation of water.
Tank irrigation is important in the Deccan peninsula because of the following reasons:
Disadvantages of tank irrigation:
a. Tanks occupy large surface area, which could otherwise have been used for cultivation.
b. Many tanks dry up during the dry season and fail to provide water for irrigation when required most.
c. Silting of tanks is a problem, and desilting of these tanks is often required.
Q1. Why Indian agriculture needs maximum amount of irrigation system?
A1. India is an agricultural country and, for successful agriculture, water is an important input. Irrigation is the key to the success of India'sagriculture because of the following reasons:
(a) Uneven distribution of rain – Places like Assam and West Bengal receive150-250 cm, while Rajasthan rarely gets even25 cm.
(b) Seasonal rainfall – India's rainfall isconcentrated over a 4-month period from Juneto September, while the rest of the year is dry.
(c) India's agricultural season extends over wintertoo. But the greater part of India has dry winter.Irrigation allows year-long cultivation.
(d) Indian monsoons are most uncertain. Latearrival or early withdrawal of the monsoonsaffects crop production severely.
(e) All crops do not have the same waterrequirement. Crops like rice, wheat, sugar caneand jute need much more water than others.Only sufficient amounts supplied by irrigationcan meet the water needs of these crops.
Q2. Why tank irrigation is important in the Deccan peninsular region?
A2. The tank irrigation is important in the Deccan peninsular region because of the following reasons:
1. The hard rocks underlying large areas in the Deccan do not allow percolation of water easily.
2. The undulating surface forms natural depressions. These hollows may have a simple dam across them. Thus, tanks are simple and easy and cheap to build.
3. Many streams have abundant water only during the rainy season, but dry up when the rains cease. Tanks enable people to store this water, which would otherwise have flowed out uselessly.
4. Tanks also help in raising the underground water level of wells found in the surrounding areas.
ECO-10, 01/07/20, Topic- ELASTICITY SUPPly
MEANING OF PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY (es)
Price elasticity of supply measures the degree of responsiveness of quantity supplied of a commodity to change in its price. But the problem is that all the commodities do not respond in the same way to change in price. Some commodities are more responsive to change in price than others. For example, if the price of a commodity increases by 20 percent and it quantity supplied increase by 40 percent. In this case the supply of the commodity is very elastic because percentage in quantity supplied of the commodity is double the percentage change in its price
DEGREES OF PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY
The co-efficient of price elasticity of supply varies from zero to infinity. On the basis of co-efficient of price elasticity of supply the following five degrees of price elasticity of supply are taken into consideration
(i) Perfectly inelastic supply (es = 0)
(ii) Inelastic or less than unit elastic supply (es < 1)
(iii) Unitary elastic supply (es = 1)
(iv) Elastic or more than unit elastic supply (es > 1)
(v) Perfectly elastic supply (es = )
The explanation of each is given below.
(iii) Unitary elastic supply (es = 1)
When the percentage change in quantity supplied of a commodity is equal to percentage change in its price, the supply of the commodity is said to be unitary elastic. It means if the price of the commodity increases by 50 per cent its quantity supplied will also increase by 50 percent
Supply schedule of commodity X
Price (Rs) Quantity supplied (units)
10 20
20 40
30 60
The above supply schedule of commodity X shows that when the price increases by 100%, quantity supplied also increases by 100% and when the price increases by 50%, the quantity supplied also increases by 50%.
(iv) Elastic or more than unit elastic supply (es > 1)
When the percentage change in quantity supplied of a commodity is greater than the percentage change in its price, the supply of the commodity is said to be greater than unit elastic. It happens in case of durable goods because if the price falls they can be easily stored for future sale. If the price of such goods falls by 20%, their quantity supplied falls by more than 20%. In such cases, price elasticity of supply is greater than one. It can be explained with the help of the following supply schedule and supply curve.
Supply schedule of commodity A
Price(rs`) Quantity supplied (units)
10 20
20 50
In the above supply schedule price of the commodity increases by 100% but its quantity supplied increases by 150%. Thus, in this case, supply is more than unitary elastic.
(v) Perfectly elastic supply .
When the quantity supplied of a commodity expands or contracts to any extent without any change or with an infinitely small change in its price, the supply of the commodity is called perfectly elastic. Its supply curve is a horizontal line parallel to x-axis. It can be shown with the help of the following supply schedule and supply curve.
Supply schedule of commodity B
Price (Rs) Quantity supplied (units)
10 100
10 200
10