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Henle Latin
Semester 1
WK Grammar rule assigned from Blue Henle Grammar Book1 1, 6-36, 10182 34, 35, 37-393 45-644 45-645 65-666 697 72-768 77-789 142-16210 142-16411 165, 168, 171, 123, 34612 124, 128-129, 479, 12713 166, 169, 17214 168, 170, 173, 346-348, 474, 47715 174-176, 177-179, 180-185, 349
WEEK 1
No. 1. The Alphabet - The Latin alphabet has no w or y; otherwise it is the same as English
Division into Syllables.
No. 6 a. A single consonant goes with the following vowel. mā /ter; nau/ta; nō/men
No. 7 b. Two or more consonants are divided after the first. Por/ta; exer/citus; pul/chra.
No. 8 Note: But when a mute (c, g, p, b, t, d) or f is followed by r or l, both consonants go with the following vowel. La/crima; a/grum; pa/trem; va/fra; locu/plēs
Accent:
No. 9 A) In words of two syllables, the accent is on the first. vía; béllum
No. 10 B) In words of more than two syllables, if the second last syllable is long, it is accented; otherwise the accent is on the third last syllable.
vid ē runt (accent on long e); ágmĭne
Quantity of Syllables:
No. 11 A) A syllable is short if it contains a vowel that is short by nature or that is followed by another vowel or diphthong. reg ĕ re; glor ĭ a
No. 12 B) A syllable is long if it contains a vowel that is long by nature or a vowel that is followed by two consonants other than a mute (c, g, p, b, t, d) or f followed by a liquid (r, l).
studēre; regēndus
No. 13 Note: x and z each count as two consonants (cs and ds); h and the u in qu do not count as consonants.
Nouns
No. 14 – Nouns have gender, number, case, and declension
No. 15 – Gender – There are three genders in Latin: masculine, feminine, neuter
No. 16 – All nouns meaning individual male persons are masculine
No. 17 – All nouns meaning individual female persons are feminine.
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No. 18 – The gender of other nouns must be learned from their declension or from other vocabularies.
No. 19 – Number. There are two numbers in Latin: singular and plural
No. 20. The singular speaks of one: via, a road.
No. 21 – The plural speaks of more than one: viae, roads.
No. 22 – Case. There are six cases in Latin:
Nominative: The case of the Subject Genitive – The case of the Possessor Dative – the case of the indirect object; the 'to' or 'for' case Accusative – the case of the Direct Object Ablative – the 'by-with-from' case (used frequently with prepositions)Vocative – the case of the Person Addressed.
No. 23 – Declension. Declension consists in adding the proper ENDINGS to the STEM to show the different genders, numbers, and cases.
No. 24. - Stem. The stem is found by dropping the ENDING of the GENITIVE SINGULAR. Vi-ae, stem: vi-
No. 25. The Five Declensions . There are five declensions in Latin. They can be distinguished by the endings of the genitive singular.
1 2 3 4 5
-ae ī -is -ūs -eī
vi-ae serv-ī lēg-is port-ūs r-eī
No. 26 How to decline a Noun. The nominative, genitive, and gender of a noun determine which model it follows. Add the endings of that model to the stem.
No. 27: Note: A) The stem is that part of the word which remains the same in spelling throughout the
declension. It gives the meaning of the word. The endings show what the word does in the sentence, whether it is the subject, direct object, indirect object, etc.
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No. 28 B) The vocative of all nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative except in singular nouns in -us of the second declension: these have -e. Serv-e! Slave! Exceptions: Proper nouns in -ius and fiīius, son, have only -ī in the vocative singular. Vergilius, voc. Vergilī; fīlius, voc. Fīlī. The vocative singular of Deus, God, is Deus; the vocative masculine singular of meus is mī; fīlī mī! My son!
No. 29: C) The accusative of neuter nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative.
No 30. D) Names of towns, and domus, home, and rūs, country, have another case – the locative – expressing place where. In singulars of the first and second declensions the locative is like the gentitive: Rōmae, at Rome. In all others it is like the ablative: Cathāgine (Carthāgō , Carthāginis), at Carthage. But rūs, country, has rūrī or rūre, in the country. See No. 915.
No 31: The First Declension
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative terr-a Land, the (a) land Subject
Singular Genitive terr-ae Of the (a) land Possessive
Singular Dative terr-ae To or for the (a) land Indirect object
Singular Accusative terr-am The (a) land Direct object
Singular Ablative terr-ā By, with, from the (a) land
Plural Nominative terr-ae Lands, the lands Subject
Plural Genitive terr-ārum Of the lands Possessive
Plural Dative terr-īs To or for the lands Indirect object
Plural Accusative terr-ās Lands, the lands Direct object
Plural Ablative terr- īs By, with, from the lands
Gender:
32: A) All nouns naming individual male person are masculine. Nauta, ae, a sailor, masculine. (Sailors are usually men.)
33: B) All others are feminine. Terra, ae, land, feminine.
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No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative serv-us The slave Subject
Singular Genitive serv-ī Of the slave, the slave's Possessive
Singular Dative serv-ō To or for the slave Indirect object
Singular Accusative serv-um The slave Direct object
Singular Ablative serv-ō By, with, from the slave
Plural Nominative serv-ī The slaves Subject
Plural Genitive serv-ōrum Of the slaves, the slaves' Possessive
Plural Dative serv-īs To or for the slaves Indirect object
Plural Accusative serv-ōs the slaves Direct object
Plural Ablative serv-īs By, with, from the slaves
No. 35 Gender – Masucline nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally masculine
No. 36: Note: Proper names in -ius and fīlius, son, form their vocative singular in -ī. Vergilius, Vergilī; fīlius, fīlī .
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No 1018
Pronunciation
The Roman System: Long Short
ā as in father a as in facility
ē as in they; (but without the faint i sound at the end)
e as in get
ī as in machine; i as in fit;
ō as in no (but without the faint u sound at the end)
o as in obey
ū as in rule u as in put
y (in borrowed Greek words like German u or French u.
Dipthongs:
ae like ai in aisle; oe like oi in foil; au like ou in out; ei like ei in feign; eu like ew in dew; ui like we
Consonants:
Most of the consonants are pronounced as in English, but
c always as in cat; s always as in this;g always as in gun; su as in suave; ngu always as in unguent; t always as in tin; qu as in quit; x always as in extra; r as in three; z like dz in adze j (consonantal i) like y in yet; v (consonantal u) like w in well; bs and bt like English ps and pt
Note: Double consonants are both pronounced but without a break, like the ll in English tailess. Thus bel-lum.
WEEK 2
No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative serv-us The slave Subject
Singular Genitive serv-ī Of the slave, the slave's Possessive
Singular Dative serv-ō To or for the slave Indirect object
Singular Accusative serv-um The slave Direct object
Singular Ablative serv-ō By, with, from the slave
Plural Nominative serv-ī The slaves Subject
Plural Genitive serv-ōrum Of the slaves, the slaves' Possessive
Plural Dative serv-īs To or for the slaves Indirect object
Plural Accusative serv-ōs the slaves Direct object
Plural Ablative serv-īs By, with, from the slaves
No. 35 Gender – Masucline nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally masculine
No. 37: Neuter Nouns of the 2nd Declension
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative bell-um The war Subject
Singular Genitive bell-ī Of the war Possessive
Singular Dative bell-ō To or for the war Indirect object
Singular Accusative bell-um The war Direct object
Singular Ablative bell-ō By, with, from the war
Plural Nominative bell-ā The wars Subject
Plural Genitive bell-ōrum Of the wars Possessive
Plural Dative bell-īs To or for the wars Indirect object
Plural Accusative bell-a the wars Direct object
Plural Ablative bell-īs By, with, from the wars
No. 38 Gender – Neuter Nouns of 2nd Declension: All neuter.
No. 39: Note: The accusative is like the nominative in all neuter nouns and adjectives. Thus, singular nominative bellum, accusative bellum; plural nominative bella, accusative bella. (Cf. Flumen, No 64, gravis, -e, No. 78, etc, )
WEEK 3 & 4
No. 45 The Third Declension. The nominative singular of the third declension has no model ending. Thus lēx, law, pars, part, flūmen, river, hostis, enemy, are all nouns of the third declension. The genitive ending (for the third declension, always -is) shows the declension and gives the stem.
No 46: Nouns naming individual male persons are masculine: mīles, mīlitis, m., soldier
No. 47: Nouns naming individual female persons are feminine: māter, mātris, f., mother.
No 48: Note: These two rules (Nos. 46, 47) should always be applied before Nos. 49 to 52. Thus mīles would be feminine by the SOX rule (No. 50), but rule No. 46 is applied first, hence mīles is masculine.
No. 49: Nouns ending in -er, -or (ERROR) are masculine.
No. 50: Nouns ending in -s, -o, -x (SOX) are feminine.
No. 51: Nouns ending in -l, -a, -n, -c, -e, -t (LANCET) are neuter.
No. 52: Note: But masculine generally are words in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis, in -es (itis) and -ex (icis); as neuter mark the -us (with -ris).
No. 53: Declension. First find the gender of the noun. Then find the stem from the genitive.
No. 54: For masculine and feminine nouns, add the endings of lēx or pars according to the rules in Nos. 59-63.
No. 55: For neuter nouns add the endings of flūmen. (For the few exceptions, see footnote on No 64)
No. 56: The vocative is always like the nominative.
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Masculine and Feminine Nouns of the 3rd Declension
No. 57: Masculine
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative lēx The law Subject
Singular Genitive lēg-is Of the law Possessive
Singular Dative lēg To or for the law Indirect object
Singular Accusative lēg-em The law Direct object
Singular Ablative lēg-e By, with, from the law
Plural Nominative lēg-ēs The laws Subject
Plural Genitive lēg-um Of the laws Possessive
Plural Dative lēg-ibus To or for the laws Indirect object
Plural Accusative lēg-ēs the laws Direct object
Plural Ablative lēg-ibus By, with, from the laws
No. 58: Feminine
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative pars The part Subject
Singular Genitive part-is Of the part Possessive
Singular Dative part-ī To or for the part Indirect object
Singular Accusative part-em The part Direct object
Singular Ablative part-e By, with, from the part
Plural Nominative part-ēs The parts Subject
Plural Genitive part-ium Of the parts Possessive
Plural Dative part-ibus To or for the parts Indirect object
Plural Accusative part-ēs the parts Direct object
Plural Ablative part-ibus By, with, from the parts
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3rd Declension Nouns
No. 59: Note: All masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension are declined like lēx except the following nouns which have -ium in the genitive plural like part-ium:
No. 60: 1. Nouns that have the same number of syllables in the genitive singular as in the nominative singular: as hostis, hostis (host-ium), enemy.
No. 61: 2. Nouns whose stem ends in two consonants, as: gens, gentis, tribe, stem, gent-, hence gentium.
Exceptions:
No. 62: a. With -um instead of -ium: senum, patrum, mēnsum, mātrum, canum, juvenum, and frātrum (of old men, fathers, months and mothers of dogs and youths and brothers).
No. 63: b. With -ium instead of -um: vīrium, lītium, faucium, Penātium, imbrium, and nivium, Samnītium, optimātium. (of strength and quarrels, of jaws and household
gods, of rains and snows, of Samnites and aristocrats.)
No. 64: Neuter Nouns of the 3rd Declension
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative flūmen The river Subject
Singular Genitive flūmin-is Of the river Possessive
Singular Dative flūmin-ī To or for the river Indirect object
Singular Accusative flūmen The river Direct object
Singular Ablative flūmin-e By, with, from the river
Plural Nominative flūmin-a The rivers Subject
Plural Genitive flūmin-um Of the rivers Possessive
Plural Dative flūmin-ibus To or for the rivers Indirect object
Plural Accusative flūmin-a the rivers Direct object
Plural Ablative flūmin-ibus By, with, from the rivers
All neuter nouns of the 3rd declension are declined like flūmen except the very few which end their nominative with -e, -al, -ar. These have - ī in the ablative singular, -ia in the nominative and accusative, plural, and -ium in the genitive plural. Thus, mare, maris has ablative singular mar- ī, nominative and accusative plural mar-ia, and genitive plural mar-ium.
WEEK 5
No. 65. The Fourth Declension
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative port-us The harbor Subject
Singular Genitive port-ūs Of the harbor Possessive
Singular Dative port-uī To or for the harbor Indirect object
Singular Accusative port-um The harbor Direct object
Singular Ablative port-ū By, with, from the harbor
Plural Nominative port-ūs The harbors Subject
Plural Genitive port-uum Of the harbors Possessive
Plural Dative port-ibus To or for the harbors Indirect object
Plural Accusative port-ūs the harbors Direct object
Plural Ablative port-ibus By, with, from the harbors
No. 66: Gender: All masculine except manus, -ūs, f. hand, domus, ūs, f. house, cornū, ūs, n. horn, genū, ūs, n., knee, and a few others.
WEEK 6
No. 69: The Fifth Declension
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative rēs The thing Subject
Singular Genitive r-eī Of the thing Possessive
Singular Dative r-eī To or for thing Indirect object
Singular Accusative r-em The thing Direct object
Singular Ablative r-ē By, with, from the thing
Plural Nominative r-ēs The things Subject
Plural Genitive r-ērum Of the things Possessive
Plural Dative r-ēbus To or for the things Indirect object
Plural Accusative r-ēs the things Direct object
Plural Ablative r-ēbus By, with, from the things
WEEK 7
No. 72: Adjectives in -us of the First and Second Declensions
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative magn-us magn-a magn-um
Singular Genitive magn-ī magn-ae magn-ī
Singular Dative magn-ō magn-ae magn-ō
Singular Accusative magn-um magn-am magn-um
Singular Ablative magn-ō magn-ā magn-ō
Plural Nominative magn-ī magn-ae magn-a
Plural Genitive magn-ōrum magn-ārum magn-ōrum
Plural Dative magn-īs magn-īs magn-īs
Plural Accusative magn-ōs magn-ās magn-ā
Plural Ablative magn-īs magn-īs magn-īs
No. 73: How to decline an Adjective. 1. Learn the nominative and genitive(1) from the vocabularies2. These show what model the adjective follows. 3. Add the endings of this model to the stem.
(1) The genitive of adjectives is not given in vocabularies when it is clear from the nominative, as in magnus, a, um (stem, magn-)
No. 74: Adjectives in -er of the First and Second Declensions.
There are two other kinds of adjectives in the first and second declensions: miser, miser-a, miser-um (stem, miser), wreteched. integer, integr-a, integr-um (stem, integr-), fresh.
These adjectives have the same endings as magnus except in the nominative singular masculine (miser, integer)
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No. 75
Masculinelike puer
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative MISER miser-a miser-um
Singular Genitive miser-ī miser-ae miser-ī
Singular Dative miser-ō miser-ae miser-ō
Singular Accusative miser-um miser-am miser-um
Singular Ablative miser-ō miser-ā miser-ō
Plural Nominative miser-ī miser-ae miser-a
Plural Genitive miser-ōrum miser-ārum miser-ōrum
Plural Dative miser-īs miser-īs miser-īs
Plural Accusative miser-ōs miser-ās miser-a
Plural Ablative miser-īs miser-īs miser-īs
No. 76:
Masculinelike ager
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative INTEGER integr-a integr-um
Singular Genitive integr-ī integr-ae integr-ī
Singular Dative integr-ō integr-ae integr-ō
Singular Accusative integr-um integr-am integr-um
Singular Ablative integr-ō integr-ā integr-ō
Plural Nominative integr-ī integr-ae integr-a
Plural Genitive integr-ōrum integr-ārum integr-ōrum
Plural Dative integr-īs integr-īs integr-īs
Plural Accusative integr-ōs integr-ās integr-a
Plural Ablative integr-īs integr-īs integr-īs
WEEK 8
No 77: Adjectives in -is, is, -e of the 3rd Declension. The most important kind of adjectives in the 3rd declension has -is, us, -e in the nominative.
Gravis, e, - heavy, severe, serious is declined thus:
No. 78
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative grav-is grav-is grav-e
Singular Genitive grav-is grav-is grav-is
Singular Dative grav-ī grav-ī grav-ī
Singular Accusative grav-em grav-em grav-e
Singular Ablative grav-ī grav-ī grav-ī
Plural Nominative grav-ēs grav-ēs grav-iaPlural Genitive grav-ium grav-ium grav-iumPlural Dative grav-ibus grav-ibus grav-ibus
Plural Accusative grav-ēs grav-ēs grav-iaPlural Ablative grav-ibus grav-ibus grav-ibus
WEEK 9
VERBS
No. 142 Verbs have voice, mood, tense, number, and person.
No. 143 Voice. There are two voices: active and passive
No. 144 a. The active represents the subject as acting or being. Lēgātum laudō. I praise the envoy.
No. 145 b. The passive represent the subject as acted upon. Laudor. I am praised.
No. 146. Mood(1) - There are three moods: indicative, subjunctive, imperative.
No. 147. Tense (1) - There are six tenses: present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect.
(1) The meanings and uses of the moods and tenses must be learned from syntax.
No. 148. Number. There are two numbers: singular and plural.
No. 149 Person. There are three persons: First (the one speaking - I, we) Second (the one spoken to - you). Third (the one spoken of - he, she, it, they)
No. 150 Conjugation consists in adding the proper endings to the proper stem to show the different voices, moods, tenses, numbers and persons.
No. 151 - The Four Conjugations. There are four conjugations in Latin. They can be distinguished by the endings of the present infinitive active.
1 2 3 4
-āre -ēre -ere -īre
laud-āre mon-ēre mitt-ere aud-īre
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No. 152 Principal Parts. There are four parts of the verb called principal parts because all the others are formed on them or on their stems. These parts are:
1 2 3 4
Pres. ind. act. laud-ō mon-eō mitt-ō aud-iō
Pres. infin. act. laud-āre mon-ēre mitt-ere aud-īre
Perf. ind. act. laudāv-ī monu-ī mīs-ī audīv-ī
Perf. part. pass. laudāt-us(1) monit-us(1) miss-us (1) audīt-us(1)
(1) The perfect participle passive is given in the masculine in all verbes that use it in all genders; otherwise it is given in the neuter (e.g. in intranstive verbs.) Some verbs have no perfect participle passive; the future participle active is then given as the fourth principal part (e.g. haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesūrus, 2, intr., 'cling')
No. 153 The present stem is found by dropping the ending of the present infintive active. On this stem are formed: all present, imperfect, and future tenses; (1) the gerund and the gerundive.
laud-āre laud- monēre mon- mittere mitt- aud-īre aud-
(1) Except the future participle active and future infinitive passive (see No. 156 and 158)
No. 154 The perfect stem is found by dropping the ending of the perfect indicative. On this stem are formed; all perfect, pluperfect, future perfect tenses active.
laudāvī laudāv- monuī monu-mīsī mīs-audīvī audīv-
No. 155 The perfect participle passive is used with forms of the verb esse to form the perfect, pluperfect, future perfect tenses passive.
laudātus laudātus sum, etc. monitus monitus sum, etc. missus missus sum, etc. audītus audītus sum, etc.
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Other uses of the perfect participle passive:
No. 156 1 The future participle active is formed by changing the -us of the perfect participle passive to -ūrus.
No. 157 2. The supines are formed by changing the -us of the perfect participle passive to -um or to -ū
No. 158 3. The future infinitive passive is formed on this stem by using the supine in -um with īrī as a separate word,
Perf. Part. Pass. Fut. Part. Act. Supines Supines Fut. Inf. Passlaudātus laudāt-ūrus laudāt-um laudāt-ū laudātum īrī
monitus monit-ūrus monit-um monit-ū monitum īrī
missus miss-ūrus miss-um miss-ū missum īrī
audītus audīt-ūrus audīt-um audīt-ū audītum īrī
No. 159 How to Conjugate. 1. The principal parts must be learned from the vocabularies.(1)2. The present infinitive shows to which conjugation the verb belongs. 3. Find the required stems according to the rules given above. 4. Add the endings of the proper conjugation to the stem.
(1) But many verbs of the first, second, and fourth conjugations form their principal parts just like laudō, moneō, audiō. These will be written in the vocabularies: pācō, 1, tr. 'pacify'. etc. The principal parts of the third conjugation, however, will always be written out.
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THE FOUR REGULAR CONJUGATIONS
Model Verbs
Laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātus, 1, tr., praiseMoneō, monēre, monuī, monitus, 2, tr., advise Mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus, 3, tr., sendAudiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus, 4, tr., hear
ACTIVE VOICE
No. 160 Personal Signs of the Active
Singular Plural
First (I) -ō or -m (we) -musSecond (you) -s (you) -tis
Third (he, she, it) -t (they) -nt
No 161 Exceptions: First and second person singular perfect indicative: laudāv-ī and laudāv-istī
Active Voice – Indicative Mood
No 162: Present Tense (present stem)
Singular - 1. laud-ō - I praise, I am praising, I do praise 2. laud-ās - you praise, you are praising, you do praise 3. laud-at – he, she, it praises; he, she, it are praising; he, she it does praise
Plural - 1. laud-āmus - we praise, we am praising, we do praise 2. laud-ātis -you praise, you are praising, you do praise 3. laud-ant – they praise, they are praising, they do praise
WEEK 10
WEEK 9 No. 142 - 162 plus 163 - 164
Active Voice – Indicative Mood
No 163: Imperfect Tense (present stem)
Singular - 1. laud-ābam - I was praising 2. laud-ābas - you were praising 3. laud-ābat – he, she, it were praising
Plural - 1. laud-ābāmus - we were praising 2. laud-ābātis - you were praising 3. laud-ābant – they were praising
No 164: Future Tense (present stem)
Singular - 1. laud-ābō - I will praise (he, she, it will be praising) 2. laud-ābis- you will praise (he, she, it will be praising) 3. laud-ābit– he, she, it will praise (he, she, it will be praising)
Plural - 1. laud-ābimus - we will praise (we will be praising) 2. laud-ābitis - you will praise (you will be praising)
3. laud-ābunt – they will praise (they will be praising)
WEEK 11
No: 165 : Present Tense (present stem) : I advise
mon-eō – I advise, I am advising, I do advise mon-ēs - You advise, You are advising, You do advise mon-et - he, she, it advises; he, she, it is advising; he, she it does advise
mon-ēmus – we advise, we are advising, we do advise mon-ētis - You advise, You are advising, You do advise mon-ent – they advise, they are advising, they do advise
No: 168 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was advising
mon-ēbam- I was advising mon-ēbas - you were advising mon-ēbat – he, she, it was advising
mon-ēbāmus – we were advisingmon-ēbātis – you were advisingmon-ēbant – they were advising
No. 171: Future Tense (present stem): I shall advise
mon-ēbō – I shall advise (you shall be advising)mon-ēbis – you will advise (you will be advising)mon-ēbit – he, she, it will advise (he, she, it will be advising)
mon-ēbimus – we shall advise (we shall be advising)mon-ēbitis – you will advise (you will be advising) mon-ēbunt – they will advise (they will be advising)
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No. 123:
First Person
Singular Nominative ego I
Singular Genitive mei of me of myself
Singular Dative mihi to me to myself
Singular Accusative me me myself
Singular Ablative me (by, etc.) me (by, etc. ) myself
Plural Nominative nos we
Plural Genitive nostrinostrum
of us of ourselves
Plural Dative nobis to us to ourselves
Plural Accusative nos us ourselves
Plural Ablative nobis (by, etc.) us (by, etc.) ourselves
Footnotes: mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc. Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684) Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)
SUM, ESSE, FUI, FUTURUS, intr., am, be
No. 346 – Indicative Present
Singular - sum – I am es – you are est – he, she, it, is
Plural - sumus - we are estis – you are sunt – they are
WEEK 12
No. 124
2nd Person Pronouns
Singular Nominative tū you
Singular Genitive tuī of you of yourself
Singular Dative tibi to you to yourself
Singular Accusative tē you yourself
Singular Ablative tē (by, etc.) you (by, etc. ) yourself
Plural Nominative vōs you
Plural Genitive vestrī vestrum
of you of yourselves
Plural Dative vōbis to you to yourselves
Plural Accusative vōs you yourselves
Plural Ablative vōbis (by, etc.) you (by, etc.) yourselves
Footnotes: mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc. Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684) Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)
Personal Pronouns of the 3rd Person
No. 127 a) Reflexive
Nom. …........... …..............Gen suī of himself, herself, itself, themselvesDat. sibi to himself, herself, itself, themselvesAcc sē (sēsē) himself, herself, itself, themselvesAbl sē (sēsē) (by, etc.) himself, herself, itself, themselves
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No. 128 B. Non-reflexive
Masc Fem Neuter
Sing Nom is he ea she id it
Sing Gen ējus of himhis
ējus of herher
ējus of itits
Sing Dat eī to or for him
eī to or for her
eī to or for it
Sing Acc eum him eam her id it
Sing Abl. eō (by, etc) him
eā (by, etc) her
eō (by, etc) it
Pl Nom eī they eae they ea they (those things)
Pl Gen eōrum of themtheir
eārum of themtheir
eōrum of themtheir
Pl Dat eīs to or for them
eīs to or for them
eīs to or for them
Pl Acc eōs them eās them ea them (those things)
Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc) them
eīs (by, etc) them
eīs (by, etc) them
No. 129 Note: 1. The meanings given for the masculine and feminine of is, ea, id hold only when the pronouns refers to PERSONS. Otherwise all forms are translated as in the neuter.
Urbem cēpit. Posteā eam incendit. He took the city,. Afterwards, he burned it.
No 479 A pronoun agrees with the word to which it refers, in gender and number; its case depends on its use in its own clause.
Roma est magna urbs. Vidistine eam? Eam agrees with Roma. Rome is a large city. Have you seen it? Contra Germanos exercitum duxit. Hi sunt fortes. Hi agrees with Germanos. He led his army against the Germans. These are brave.
Maria quam laudamus Mater Dei est. quam agrees with MariaMary, whom we praise, is the Mother of God.
WEEK 13
Active Voice – Indicative Mood
No: 166 : Present Tense (present stem) : I sendmitt-eō – I send, I am sending, I do send mitt-is – you send, you are sending, you do sendmitt-it – he, she, it sends; he, she, it is sending; he, she, it does send
mitt-imus – we send, we are sending, we do sendmitt-itis – you send, you are sending, you do sendmitt-unt – they send, they are sending, they do send
No: 169 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was sending
mitt-ēbam – I was sendingmitt-ēbās – you were sendingmitt-ēbat – he, she, it was sending
mitt-ēbāmus – we were sendingmitt-ēbātis – you were sendingmitt-ēbant – they were sending
No. 172: Future Tense (present stem): I shall send
mitt-am – I shall send (I shall be sending)mitt-ēs – you will send (you will be sending)mitt-et – he, she, it will send (he, she, it will be sending)
mitt-ēmus – we shall send (we shall be sending)mitt-ētis – you will send (you will be sending) mitt-ent – they will send (they will be sending)
WEEK 14
Active Voice – Indicative Mood
No: 167 : Present Tense (present stem) : I hearaud-iō - I hear, I am hearing, I do hearaud- īs – you hear, you are hearing, you do hearaud-it – he, she, it hears; he, she, it is hearing; he, she it, does hear
aud- īmus – we hear, we are hearing, we do hearaud- ītis - you hear, you are hearing, you do hearaud-iunt – they hear, they are hearing, they do hear
No: 170 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was hearing
aud-iēbam – I was hearingaud-iēbās – you were hearing aud-iēbat – he, she, it was hearing
aud-iēbāmus – we were hearingaud-iēbātis – you were hearingaud-iēbant -they were hearing
No. 173: Future Tense (present stem): I shall send
aud-iam – I shall hear (I shall be hearing)aud-iēs – you will hear ( you will be hearing)aud-iet – he, she, it will hear ( he, she, it will be hearing)
aud-iēmus – we shall hear (we shall be hearing)aud-iētis – you will hear (you will be hearing)aud-ient – they will hear (they will be hearing)
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SUM, ESSE, FUI, FUTURUS, intr., am, be
No. 346 – Indicative Present
Singular - sum – I am es – you are est – he, she, it, is
Plural - sumus - we are estis – you are sunt – they are
No. 347 – Indicative Imperfect
Singular – eram - I was erās – you were erat – he, she, it was
Plural – erāmus – we were erātis – you were erant – they were
No. 348 – Indicative Future
Singular - erō – I shall be eris – you will be erit – he, she, it will be
Plural - erimus – we shall be eritis – you will be
erunt – they will be
No. 474 - A predicate adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case Vīta brevis est. Life is short.
No. 477 - An attributive adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number and case. Mīles fortis pugnat.
The brave soldier fights.
WEEK 15
No 174 Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)
Singular – 1. laudāv-ī - I praised ( I have praised) 2. laudāv-istī - you praised ( you have praised) 3. laudāv-īt - he, she, it praised ( he, she, it has praised)
Plural - 1. laudāv-imus - we praised ( we have praised) 2. laudāv-istis you praised ( you have praised) 3. laudāv-ērunt – they praised (they have praised)
No 175
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)
Singular – 1. laudāv-eram - I had praised 2. laudāv-erās - you had praised 3. laudāv-erat - he, she, it had praised
Plural - 1. laudāv-erāmus - we had praised 2. laudāv-erātis - you had praised 3. laudāv-erant – they had praised
No 176
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem)
Singular – 1. laudāv-erō - I shall have praised 2. laudāv-eris - you will have praised 3. laudāv-erit - he, she, it will have praised
Plural - 1. laudāv-erimus - we shall have praised 2. laudāv-eritis - you will have praised 3. laudāv-erint – they will have praised
No 177Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)
Singular – 1. monu-ī - I advised (I have advised) 2. monu-istī - you advised ( you have advised) 3. monu-īt - he, she, it advised (he, she, it has advised)
Plural - 1. monu-imus - we advised ( we have advised) 2. monu-istis - you advised (you have advised)
3. monu-ērunt – they advised (they have advised)S1W15
No 178Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)
Singular – 1. mīs -ī - I sent ( I have sent) 2. mīs-istī - you sent ( you have sent) 3. mīs -īt - he, she, it sent ( he, she, it has sent)
Plural - 1. mīs-imus - we sent ( we have sent) 2. mīs-istis - you sent ( you have sent) 3. mīs-ērunt – they sent (they have sent)
No 179Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)
Singular – 1. audīv-ī - I heard ( I have heard) 2. audīv-istī - you heard ( you have heard) 3. audīv-īt - he, she, it heard ( he, she, it has heard)
Plural - 1. audīv-imus - we heard ( we have heard) 2. audīv-istis - you heard ( you have heard) 3. audīv-ērunt – they heard (they have heard)
No 180Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)
Singular – 1. monu-eram - I had advised 2. monu-erās - you had advised 3. monu-erat - he, she, it had advised
Plural - 1. monu-erāmus - we had advised 2. monu-erātis - you had advised 3. monu-erant– they had advised
No 181Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)
Singular – 1. mīs -eram - I had sent 2. mīs-erās - you had sent 3. mīs -erat - he, she, it had sent
Plural - 1. mīs-erāmus - we had sent 2. mīs-erātis - you had sent 3. mīs-erant – they had sent
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No 182Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)
Singular – 1. audīv-eram - I had heard 2. audīv-erās - you had heard 3. audīv-erat - he, she, it had heard
Plural - 1. audīv-erāmus - we had heard 2. audīv-erātis - you had heard 3. audīv-erant – they had heard
No 183Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)
Singular – 1. monu-erō - I shall have advised 2. monu-eris - you will have advised 3. monu-erit - he, she, it will have advised
Plural - 1. monu-erimus - we shall have advised 2. monu-eritis - you will have advised 3. monu-erint– they will have advised
No 184Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)
Singular – 1. mīs -erō - I shall have sent 2. mīs-eris - you will have sent 3. mīs -erit - he, she, it will have sent
Plural - 1. mīs-erimus - we shall have sent 2. mīs-eritis - you will have sent 3. mīs-erint – they will have sent
No 185Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)
Singular – 1. audīv-erō - I shall have heard 2. audīv-eris - you will have heard 3. audīv -erat - he, she, it will have heard
Plural - 1. audīv-erimus - we shall have heard 2. audīv-eritis - you will have heard 3. audīv-erint – they will have heard
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No. 349
Indicative Perfect
Singular – 1. fu-ī - I have been, I was 2. fu-istī - you have been, you were 3. fu-īt - he, she, it has been; he, she it was
Plural - 1. fu-imus - we have been, we were 2. fu-istis - you have been, you were 3. fu-ērunt – they have been, they were