University of Tehran

College of Science

School of Biology

Description of program and course syllabi

Microbial Biotechnology

Master of Science

Table 1- required courses

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Major: Microbial biotechnology Program: M.Sc.

No.

Course name Units Hours Prerequisite/ CorequisiteTheoretical Practical Total Theoretica

lPractical Total

1 biotechnology of proteins

2 0 2 32 0 32 None

2 genetic engineering of prokaryotes

2 0 2 32 0 32 None

3 genetic engineering of

eukaryotes

2 0 2 32 0 32 Genetic engineering

of prokaryotes

4 fermentation technology

2 0 2 32 0 32 None

5 bioinformatics 1 1 2 16 32 48 None

6 research methodology

and experimental

design

0 2 2 0 64 64 None

7 methods in biotechnology

0 2 2 0 64 64 None

Total 10 4 14 160 128 288 -

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Table 2- elective courses

Major: Microbial biotechnology Program: M.Sc.

No.

Course name Units Hours Prerequisite/ CorequisiteTheoretical Practical Total Theoretical Practica

lTotal

1 Biochemical engineering

2 0 2 32 0 32 None

2 environmental biotechnology

2 0 2 32 0 32 None

3 food biotechnology

2 0 2 32 0 32 None

4 pharmaceutical biotechnology

2 0 2 32 0 32 None

5 biofuels and biomining

biotechnology

2 0 2 32 0 32 None

6 biotechnology of fungi

2 0 2 32 0 32 None

7 enzymology 2 0 2 32 0 32 None

8 omics 2 0 2 32 0 32 None

9 bioethics in biotechnology

2 0 2 32 0 32 None

10 entrepreneurship in biotechnology

0 2 2 0 128 128 None

Total 20 2 22 370 128 448

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Topics of required courses

Major: Microbial biotechnology

Program: M.Sc.

Course title: biotechnology of proteins

No. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:To familiarize with structure and function of proteins and uses of proteins in biotechnologyTopics of the course:

1- General description of macromolecules2- Stabilizer forces in macromolecules3- Structural elements in macromolecules4- Structure and function correlations in macromolecules5- Ligand attachment (basics of function in macromolecules)6- Membrane proteins7- Stability and function of proteins- structure stability of proteins8- Function of bio-macromolecules9- Application of bioinformatics in protein engineering10- Macromolecule structure and function prediction11- Protein engineering approach12- Protein aggregation 13- Thermal stabilization of proteins14- Protein preservation by freezing

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1. Protein Folding Handbook; by Johannes Buchner. Thomas Kiefhaber, Wiley, 2005.2. Protein NMR Spectroscopy by John Cavanagh. Wayne J. Fairbrother, Arthur G. Palmer,

Nicholas J. Skelton, Mark Rance. Elsevier Academic Press, 2007.3. Protein Engineering in Industrial Biotechnology, Vol. 38& By Dan E, Robertson. Joseph P.

Noel. Elsevier Academic Press, 2004

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Course title: genetic engineering of prokaryotesNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Introduction to modern topics in microbial genetic engineering and production of transgenic micro-organisms in microbial biotechnology.Topics of the course:

1- Genome structure in bacteria2- Gene mutation and repair mechanism in bacteria3- Gene translation and regulation in bacteria4- Different kinds of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria5- Biology of transposons and mobile genetic elements6- Biology of plasmids and its types in genetic engineering7- cDNA and genomic library production in bacteria8- DNA recombination technology and engineering in bacteria9- Molecular cloning in bacteria10- Expression of recombinant gene in bacteria11- Genetic stability in industrial prokaryotes

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria (2007) Larry Snyder and Wendy Charnpnesjrd cdition.ASM

press.2. Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction. Sixth Ediion (2010) T.A. Brown. Wiley-

Blackwell, UK.

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Course title: genetic engineering of eukaryotesNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Introduction to modern topics of genetic engineering in eukaryotic microorganism, plants and animals, and production of transgenic eukaryotic cells in microbial biotechnology.Topics of the course:

1- Genome organization on eukaryotes2- Production of recombinant DNA technology in eukaryotic models3- Biology of plasmids and its types in eukaryotic genetic engineering4- Gene transfer to eukaryotic hosts (fungi, plant, and animal cells)5- Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic models6- Post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells7- Gene silencing in eukaryotic models8- Genetic stability in industrial eukaryotes

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1. Principles of Gene manipulation and Genomics, Seventh Edition (2006) S.B. Primrose and

R.M. Tvyman. Blackwell Publishing Company, Oxford. UK.2. Gene Regulation: A Fukaryotic Perspective. Second Edition (2008) D. S. Latchman. Springer

Publication.3. Molecular Biology of the Gene, Fiflh Edition (2004) J.D. Watson. LA. Baker, S. P. Bell. A.

Gann. M. Levine. R. Losick. Pearson Education Inc.

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Course title: fermentation technologyNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Introduction to industrial fermentations; ability to describe industrial processes of a fermented product in fermenter and design of upstream steps.Topics of the course:

1- Formulation and preparation of culture media for industrial fermentation2- Preparation and development of inoculant for industrial fermentation3- Sterilization: non-continuous thermal sterilization of liquids, continuous thermal

sterilization of liquids, membrane sterilization of liquids, air sterilization, sterilization by dry heat, radiation sterilization, chemical sterilization.

4- Fermenter design5- Control and instrumentation6- Aeration and mixing7- Heat transfer equipment8- Bio-material specification and an introduction to bio-isolation9- Isolation by membrane: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, nano-

filtration, electro-dialyze, dialyze, pervaporation10- Centrifuge: industrial equipment; centrifuge mathematics11- Cell disruption12- Isolation by solvent extraction: choosing solvent, mixing, extracting equipment,

extraction mathematics13- Absorption: types of absorbents, absorption isotherms, absorption in reactors14- Chromatography: adsorption chromatography, partition chromatography, ion

exchange chromatography, permeation chromatography, HPLC15- Precipitation and sedimentation: types of sedimentation, forces towards a particle

getting sediment, time of sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation16- crystalization

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1. SLanhury.PF. Whitaker. A. and Hall. Si. (1995) Principles of Feniientaton technology,

Butterorih Heiiieina,in Publications.2. Soetaeri. W. and Vandamme E. .!., (2010) Industrial Biotechnology. WilIev-VCH.

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Course title: bioinformaticsNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Introduction to bioinformatics and methods for studying sequence and structure of bio-macromolecules.Topics of the course:

1- Introduction to topics of bioinformatics2- Primary introduction to bioinformatics databases (sequence and protein structure)3- Pairwise sequence alignment4- Multiple sequence alignment5- Searching identical sequences (BLAST)6- Introduction to phylogenic trees7- Structural bioinformatics (prediction of secondary structure, proteins comparison)8- RNA structure prediction9- Principles of RNA design

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1-J.Xiong: Essential Bioinforrnatics.Cambridgeuniversity Press, 2006, ISBNO5 11168152.2-Bioinfomiatics by Curran..CBS Publisher& Distributors P Ltd. 20103- Bioinlòrrnatics and Functional Gcnomics by Jonathan Pevsner, Wiley-L3lackweII. UK.2009

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Course title: research methodology and experimental designNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Learning of proper research approaches and creation a right mental form during performing a project.Topics of the course:

1- Definition of science and philosophy and standardization of researcher’s expectation of that.

2- Brief study of science history as being familiar with previous dissolved scientific issues and exercise for future problem dissolving

3- Science methodology and understanding human science evolution before Aristotle era, Aristotle's scientific philosophy (analogy), mechanical scientific philosophy (inductance and positivism), relativity scientific philosophy (refutability), historicity scientific philosophy (scientific revolutions, methodology of research program)

4- Impacts of personal characteristics of researcher in research and its progress5- Scientific research methods, creative methods of problem dissolving by standard

manner, familiarity with concepts, variables, hypothesis, and its types; learning different methods of problem statement, finding of solutions

6- Design and performing experiments, learning different statistical methods of experiment design, application of advantage and disadvantage of them, learning error types in labs, presentation of research results

7- Ethics in research and intellectual property, responsibility, patent rights, technical knowledge, learning authors ethical duties and responsibilities.

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1-Folger. H.S. and LeBtanc. S (1995) Slrategies for creative problem soIing, Prentice Hail. Seconded.2-Kirkup. L (1995) experimental methods: an introduction to the analysis and prcscntations of data. John Wiley and Sons

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Course title: methods in biotechnologyNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Learning of proper research methods during performing a biotechnology projectTopics of the course:

1- Physical, chemical and biological hazards in biotechnology labs and practical methods of prevention and confront with them

2- Selection of a biotechnological product and isolation of target strain3- Production of a biotechnological product in flasks and fermenter4- production of a biotechnological product using fermentation5- preservation of a productive strain using liquid nitrogen, or as lyophilize, keeping in -

85 ͦC6- selection of biotechnological product coding gene, DNA extraction from environment

or micro-organisms, primer design and PCR, gene cloning and sequencing

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1- Natural Products Isolation (Methods ¡n Biotechnology) by Satya D. Sarker (Sep 19.2005) Humana Press 2nd edäion2- Methods In Biotechnology by Michael Schweizer (Mar 12. 1997). CRC Press; 1edition3- An Introduction to Molecular Biotechnology: Fundamcntals, Methods andApplications by Michael Wink (Jun 20. 201 )). Wiley-Blackwell; 2 edition4- Microbial Biotechnology: Methods and Applications by H.N. Thatol (Dec 12,2011). Alpha Science Intl Ltd; I edition

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Topics of elective courses

Major: Microbial biotechnology

Program: M.Sc.

Course title: biochemical engineeringNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:To familiarize students with engineering parameters like mass or heat transfer processes, or fluid mechanics during industrial fermentation Topics of the course:

1- Preliminary calculations in engineering: physical variations, dimensions and units, reaction stoichiometry

2- Mass equilibrium3- Fluid mechanics4- Heat transfer5- Mass transfer6- Bioreactors7- Different methods in sterilization of culture media and air 8- Scale raising

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1. Doran. P. M.. (1997) Bioprocess Engineering Principles. Academic Press Limited. London: U.S. Edition Published by Academic Press Inc. San Diego.2. II.W. Blanch. D.S. Clark.. (1997) Biochemical Ënginccring. Marcel Dckker Inc.

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Course title: environmental biotechnologyNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Students’ familiarity with recent achievements and knowledge in the field of environmental biotechnology.Topics of the course:

1- importance of biotechnology in environment2- detoxification mechanisms of microorganisms3- kinetics of microbial absorption and degradation, and the fate of degraded products4- bioavailability and complexity of compounds and process of biodegradation5- co-metabolism processes in biodegradation6- bio-elimination of metal and other mineral pollutants7- formation and bio-degradation of air pollutants8- bio-degradation of natural products9- wastewater refinement in biotechnology units10- wastewater treatment by biological methods11- application of filtration in wastewater refinement12- bio-refinery design

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1. I -Environmental Biotechnology: Theory and Applicalion by Gareth G. Evans and Judy

urlong, Wiley. 2010.2. 2- Environmental Biotechnology by M. l-I. Fuickar. Science Publishers 2010.

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Course title: food biotechnologyNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:To familiarize with biotechnological methods of production and improving quality of foodTopics of the course:

1- assays in biological, chemical and physical evaluation of pathogenic microorganism in food

2- application of biotechnology in improving and modification of agricultural products3- utilization of enzymes in improving dairy products4- utilization of enzymes in improving cereals5- application of biotechnological methods in packaging and preservation6- heightening food value by biotechnology7- production of food preservatives by biotechnology8- production of edible colors by biotechnology9- methods of producing food by genetic engineering 10- optimization of drinks quality by biotechnology11- producing fermented food12- application of biotechnology methods in livestock and poultry feeding 13- food waste treatment

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1- Spencer J.F.T. and Ragou de Spencer A. L (2001) Food Microbiology Protocols. I lurnanaPress. ISBN 0-89603-867-X2- Sheu K. Palivath G.. Pometto A.. Robert E. Levin (2006) Food Biotechnology Taylor &Francis. ISBN: 10: 0-8247-5329-13- [leller K.J. (2006) Genetically Engineered Food: Methods and Detection. Willey Press.ISBN 9783527313938

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Course title: pharmaceutical biotechnologyNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Learning application of biotechnology in production, optimization and purification of pharmaceutical productsTopics of the course:

1- definition of drug and its types2- synthetic and non-synthetic methods of drug design3- comparison of drug design and discovery methods 4- high-throughput screening5- application of recombinant DNA technology in production of pharmaceutical

substrates6- application of bioinformatics in drug design, optimization and evaluation7- application of cell and enzyme fixation methods in drug production8- application of microbial biotechnology in drug production9- novel methods in drug extraction10- introduction of chemical and drug databases and their application in drug discovery11- formulation and stability of drug products12- introduction to microbial drug production pathway from lab to industry13- Quadra-steps in drug development14- Application of metabolic engineering in drug production15- Application of nanotechnology in drug industry

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1. Bickersiaff G.F. Immobilization of Enzymes and Cells, Humana Press. 2006.2. Jenzen, W.P. Bernasconi. P. High Throughput Screening, Humana press, 2008.3, Bhowmik G. and Bose S.. Analyticals Techniques in Biotechnology, Tata MacGraw Hill, 2011.

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Course title: biofuels and biomining biotechnologyNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Introduction to application of microorganisms in mine and renewable and fossil fuelsTopics of the course:

1- Energy types, renewable fuels, energy carriers, and utilization of biofuels energy2- Fossil fuels, its types and origin, structure of oil fields, the process of oil exploration

to extraction3- Biotechnology of upstream processes in oil industry

a. Biotechnology of oil field identificationb. Biotechnology of excavationc. Biotechnological methods in excess oil extraction d. Microbial methods in improving fossil fuels quality (oil and coal)e. Oil field souring and confronting

4- Biotechnology of downstream processes in oil industrya. Biotechnology of monitoring and maintenance of oil tank and pipelinesb. Purging of oil contamination in land and seac. Microbial corrosion and confronting with it in oil industry

5- Fossil fuels: bioethanol, biodiesel, supplements of fuels, biogas and bio-fuel cells6- Mine

a. Bio-hydro-metallurgy and bio-leaching of minerals (gold, uranium, and others)

b. Bio-mineral processingc. Biotechnology of mineral extraction using bio-adsorption and bio-reservationd. Biotechnology of radioisotope screening (specially uranium as fuel)e. Biotechnology of non-metal canines extractionf. Merits and costs of biotechnological methods in mining

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1-Petroleum Biotechnology: Developments and perspectives, Vazquez-Duhal t. Rafael, Quintero-Ramirez Rodolfo, ISBN: 0444516999, Elsevier Science Ltd .(2004).2-Biornining-Theory and Practice, Douglas E, Rawlings and D. Barrie Johanson.Springer (2006).

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Course title: biotechnology of fungiNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Learning fungi (yeasts, filamentous fungi, macroscopic fungi and semi-fungi) applications as one of the most important microorganism taxon in microbial biotechnologyTopics of the course:

1- Application of fungi in industrial biotechnology: production of enzymes, lipids, polysaccharides, polysaccharopeptides, organic acids, fungi leaching and biology conversion products

2- Application of fungi in medicinal biotechnology: production of antibiotics, anticancer compounds, immune-suppressor drugs, and recombinant vaccines

3- Application of fungi in environmental biotechnology: refinement of hydrocarbon (linear and aromatic), pesticides, heavy metals, industrial dyes, and cianides

4- Application of fungi in food biotechnology: unicellular protein, edible fungi, carotenoids and edible pigments, vitamins, fermented bread and food

5- Application of fungi in agricultural biotechnology and their application in bio-control: biological control of agricultural pests, fungi phytotoxins, mycorrhiza, fungi fertilizer

6- Methods in fungi biotechnology: fermentation in solid surface and its importance in fungi generating fungi products, large scale fungi culture, comparative metabolism of fungi and other microorganisms, application of recombinant DNA in fungi biotechnology, genomics of filamentous fungi, protoplast fusion and gene delivery into fungi, importance of fungi as host for generating biotechnology products

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1- Filarnentous Fungi (Living Resources for Biotechnology) D. L. Hawksworth, B. E. Kirsop, S. C. Jong . J. I. Pitt, R. A. Sanison. K. Tubaki, Cambridge University Press (2011)2- flandbook of Fungal Biotechnology, 2nd F.dhion. Revised and Expanded, Dilip K. Arora. Marcel Dekker. (2003)

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Course title: enzymologyNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Student familiarity with enzymes, their types and applicationsTopics of the course:

1- Chemistry of enzymes, mechanisms of enzymatic reactions, regulation of enzyme synthesis and activities, enzyme nomenclature system and classification

2- Study of enzyme features and catalytic models of their behavior (including enzyme substrate interaction models)

3- Study of cofactors roll in enzymatic reactions4- Analytical methods for investigation of enzymes kinetics and study of effective

factors on that.5- Multisubstrate reaction and analysis of substrate binding6- Study of enzyme active site (changes in substrate concentration, changes in substrate

structure, changes in pH, and chemical modifications)7- Determination of enzyme-substrate dissociation constant (kinetic of process,

equilibrium dialysis, equilibrium gel filtration, ultracentrifugation and spectroscopic methods)

8- Study of different methods of enzymatic reaction inhibition and their importance9- Enzymatic extraction and methods of enzyme activity evaluation10- Enzyme production and its formulation11- Enzyme and cell fixation methods and application of biocatalysts fixation12- RNA catalyzers: structure, function and application13- Catalytic antibodies: structure, function and application14- Resistant enzymes to harsh conditions15- Utilization of enzymes as tools for diagnosis and biosensors

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1- [nviiies: A Practical Introduction to Structure. Mechanism, ami Data Analysis: by: Roben A. Copehind. W ¡lev interscience. 20042— Fnzvmc Iechno1o: h: Ashol Pandev. Colin Webb. Carlos RicardoSoccol, Christiin I .arroche, Springer 20 I O.3— Biõcatalsts tiir Indusiry (Topics in Applied Chemistry): h Jonathan S. Dordick. Spniiier. 2010.

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Course title: omicsNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Learning wide data collection methods and profiling approaches: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomicsTopics of the course:

1- An introduction to –omes and –omics2- Gene, genome, genomics, online genomics investigations, databases and related

softwarea. Genomic data analysis using bioinformatics and their applicationsb. Genome sequencing project: sequencing and data assembly technologies, gene

annotation, recent status of genome sequencingc. Genomic browsers and databasesd. Orthology prediction: comparative genomicse. Investigations on transcription factors’ binding sitesf. Computational prediction of microRNA target sitesg. Prediction of regulatory motifs of genomeh. Study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

3- Transcriptomics, microarray, EST, SAGE, bioinformatics approaches in transcriptomics, applications of transcriptomics

a. Laboratory approaches: microarray, EST, SAGEb. Microarray data, data normalization and analysis of raw datac. Familiarization with Genvestigator and oncoMine browsersd. Searching in microarray gene expression profiles: GEO databasee. TM4 software for arrayanalysisf. EST assembly: CAP3 program

4- Proteomics, aims, approachesa. Aims, approaches and challenges in proteomicsb. Proteomics related approaches: two dimensional electrophoresis, MALDI-

TOF mass spectrometry, and yeast two hybrid systemc. Protein-protein interaction, laboratory and computational approaches

5- Metabolomics: approaches and other omicsa. Metabolomics pathway databases: Biocarta and KEGGb. Nutrigenomics and health metabolic

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1- The Human Genome: Book of Essential Knowledge; by: John Quackenbush and John Sulston. 20122- Introducing Proteomics: From concepts to sample separation, mass spectrometry and data analysis: by: JosipLovricWiley. 20113- Proteornics in Practice: A Guide lo SUCCeSSfUL Experimental Design: by: Reiner Westerrneier. ‘I orn Naven. Hans-Rudolf l-löpker . Wiley-blackwell.

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Course title: bioethics in biotechnologyNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Introduction to bioethics and hazards of its nonconformity on biotechnologyTopics of the course:

1- Definitions and principles: theoretical and practical ethics, study of ethical theory and their applications, ethics in science and technology, bioethics, biosafety ethics, professional ethics of biotechnologists

2- Quran and hadith point of view in relation to ethics, professional ethics and environment

3- National and international rules and policy of bioethics in biotechnology, world declaration of bioethics, Cartagena protocol

4- Bioethics in labs: animal research, recombinant DNA, transgenic plants and animals, recombinant microorganisms, stem cells, genetic and biologic reservoirs, nuclear labs, clinical trials

5- ethics fundamental in production and marketing of biotechnological products6- bioethics and modern topics in biotechnology7- study of challenging condition in making ethical decisions, approaches of correct

decision making8- ethical challenges of bioterrorism

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References:1- Kirshna V.S. (2007) Bioethics and biosafety in bIotechnology, New age international publisher.2- Steinbock B. (2007) The oxford handbook of bioethics. Oxford University press.3- Jonsen. AR.. Veatch. R.M., Walters, L. (1998) Source book in bioethics: a documentary history. 1998. Georgetown University press.

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Course title: entrepreneurship in biotechnologyNo. of units: 2No. of hours: 32Unit type: theoretical Prerequisites: noneAdditional training: yes

Scientific expedition: No Workshop: No Lab: No Seminar: yesThe overall objectives of the course:Introduction to entrepreneurship and its application in sciences and microbial technologiesTopics of the course:

1- introduction to entrepreneurship history, concepts of entrepreneurship and its types2- intellectual revolutions and their impact on human civilization3- concepts of entrepreneurship and business4- types of business5- opportunity of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship creativity6- technological innovation7- Commercialization of innovative ideas8- Types of business in sciences and biotechnology9- Types of companies and their advantages and disadvantages, introduction to company

registration10- Business startup in sciences and biotechnology, preparation of business plan11- Business programming and organization12- Study of successful entrepreneurs biography work in sciences and biotechnology

Table of assessment:Continuous evaluation Midterm Final exam Project

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References:1. Patzelt II. and Brenner T. (2010) Handbook of Bioernreprencurship. Springer.2. Hine D. and Kapeleris J. (2006) Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Biotechnology, Concepts. teories and cases. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.

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