The Renaissance -The Rebirth of European ProgressLearning Targets – Part I

1. I can name the political and economic system that dominated Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire (big concept)

2. I can name the organization that became the center of power after the collapse of Rome (specific institution)

3. I can name the disease that changed Europe during the late middle ages

4. I can name the time-period that transitioned Europe from the Middle Ages to modern times

The Collapse of Rome and the Middle Ages

• When the western portion of the Roman Empire collapsed, much of the European continent entered a period of disunity and violence

• _______________________ , in which local rulers kept order for a reigning monarch (think Kings, Lords, Knights, Peasants), became the dominant political and economic system for centuries

• _______________________ with other regions, such as Middle East, North Africa, and greater Asia slowed to a trickle or disappeared altogether

• Comparative to the great advances of Rome, this period seen little technological progress, and was far less socially sophisticated

The Power of the Church

• In the absence of Roman government the Christian Church became the ____________________________________on the European landscape

• Bishops, cardinals, and ultimately the ______________ were often more powerful than lords and kings

• Meanwhile, in the Middle East the more advanced Islamic culture continued to advance, and had ___________________________________________(land in modern day Israel that contains Jerusalem, sacred to Jews, Christians and Muslims alike)

• In the year 1096 the Pope (spiritual leader of Catholic Christians) called upon European leaders to free the Holy Land of Islamic control

Re-Exposure to a Wider World

• The ____________________ (Christians vs Muslims for control of the Holy Land) lasted two centuries

• Europeans traveled back and forth from Europe to the Middle East and began to ____________________________with the more advanced cultures of the Middle East and greater Asia

• This exposure would eventually lead to a period of great progress for Europeans, but not before the ______________________________(Black Death) would wipe out 1/3 of the continent.

The Black Death Brings Change

• The depopulation of Europe brought about several changes that ushered in the Renaissance

• Few people meant that the peasants could demand more for their ______________________

• Great death and misery made many people _____________________ their religion

• Combined with ___________________________________________, these ______________________ lead to economic opportunities for more people, a greater interest in the world (less concerned with the Church), and a revival of education and the arts

The Rebirth of Europe

• The ___________________________ is a term used to describe the cultural changes that took place from roughly 1300 to 1600 (14th to 17th century) in Europe

• It is viewed as a ________________________________in art, literature, and sciences

• Marked the ________________________ from the Middle Ages to modern times in Europe

• End of the Church dominated Medieval Period and brought back a society in which strong central governments were in control

Learning Targets Part II

1. I can name the area of Europe where the Renaissance began

2. I can describe what Humanism is or what it emphasized

3. I can describe what a Renaissance man was and give the two examples learned

4. I can summarize why Renaissance art is important to understanding this time-period

The Italian Renaissance

• The Renaissance was centered in Italy and gradually spread north across Europe

• Center of _______________________________following the Crusades

• Renaissance had large focus on rediscovering __________________________________ and ideas = Italy has most prominent connections to the legacy of Ancient Rome

• Italian city-states were hardest hit by the Plague, resulting in a social climate that embraced living “in the now” and ________________________________

Humanism

• The Renaissance had a focus on ________________________ = non-religious social moment that emphasizes the value of the human experience, scientific discovery, and learning

• In essence, it was a revival of classical _____________________________________ ideas that had once allowed

that civilization to flourish

• In contrast the middle ages focus was on ____________________ issues and the Renaissance focused on _______________________(secular)

The Humanities

• Central to renewed interest in learning was the study of ______________________: history, literature, philosophy, languages, religion, music, and the arts

• Renaissance thinkers embraced these studies as a way to understand and value the _________________________________of life

Renaissance Men

• Thinkers and artists who studied a variety of subjects, including the sciences, came to be known as a _____________________________________________ = intelligent and talented men who were skilled and knowledgeable in many things.

• Men, such as ____________________ and ________________________________, would champion the idea of a Renaissance Man by creating the period’s best known paintings, sculpture, architecture, as well as advance medical knowledge and engineering skills

Michelangelo

• Sculptor, engineer, poet, painter, architect

• Most famous works include:

1. Statue of David

2. The Pieta

3. Sistine Chapel

4. Dome of St. Peters Cathedral in Rome

Leonardo da Vinci

• Painter, sculptor, inventor, architect, musician, engineer

• Most famous for:

1. Painting of Mona Lisa

2. Painting of The Last Supper

3. Study of human anatomy

4. Plans for flying machines

Artistic Greatness

• Renaissance Men created these beautiful paintings and sculptures by combining intellectual and artistic ability

• Renaissance art reflects social and intellectual advancement by employing new techniques such as ______________________ (less abstract/emotion), ______________________ (everyday people) and _____________________________ (3-Dimentional/math based)

VS.

Learning Targets Part III

1. I can name the process for scientific discovery (finding truth)

2. I can describe what the heliocentric model of the universe is

3. I can define what a “heresy” is

Scientific Advancements

• In addition to the Humanities, thinkers of the late Renaissance period (1500s) were also focused on scientific discovery

• Great advancements were made in Astronomy, Mathematics, Medicine, Physics, and developing the process of _____________________________________________

• The era in human advancement is referred to as the _________________________________________, and often found itself at odds with the Christian Church as old ways of thinking were challenged

New Ways of Thinking

• Astronomers such as Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei proved through observation and mathematics that the Sun was the center of our solar system (_____________________________________________),

• Scientific philosophers such as Francis Bacon advocated that a truth can only be known after putting it though a processes of questioning and experimentation, known today as the ________________________

• Mathematicians such as Isaac Newton formulated the ______________________________________ ______________________________________, new systems of computation (Calculus), and said that all laws of nature are mathematical and therefor understandable

Challenging the Church

• In the Middle Ages the Church taught that the Earth and heavens above were the center of the Universe, and that understanding the world came from Biblical knowledge

• A Heliocentric (Sun Centered) model of the Universe ___________________________ this and brought astronomers like Galileo before the Church court to answer to charges of ________________________ (view contrary to Church teachings)

• The scientific method encouraged that truth is a process of discovery, thereby reducing the authority of the Bible