Name: ___________________________________ Date: _____________Global 9 Period: ___________

Unit 3: Early Civilizations

Vocabulary

1. Paleolithic Age Stone age characterized by nomadic people with basic stone tools

2. Nomad Someone who travels from place to place in search of food

3. Neolithic Revolution The change from hunting and gathering to herding, farming, permanent settlements, and specialized jobs

4. Civilization Highly organized group of people with their own language & ways of living

5. Subsistence Farming Producing just enough food for self

6. Fertile Crescent The region where the first settled agricultural communities of the Middle East are thought to have settled

7. Cuneiform Ancient Sumerian wedge-shaped writing system

8. Hieroglyphics Ancient Egyptian writing system that used pictures and symbols to represent words and sounds

9. Terrace Farming Farming on a mountainside by creating flat “steps”

10. Mandate of Heaven Chinese belief that heaven grants a ruler the right to rule, and in turn, the people owe the ruler complete loyalty and obedience

11. Dynastic Cycle Rise and fall of Chinese rulers according to the Mandate of Heaven

12. The Great Wall A wall put up by the Chinese to protect them from invaders

13. Silk Roads Trade routes from Asia to Europe in which many goods and ideas were exchanged.

14. Legalism Belief that harsh rules are needed to control society

15. Ziggurat Ancient pyramid-like structure

16. City-state A large city and the surrounding lands that has its own government (Ex. Athens & Sparta)

17. Direct Democracy A type of government in which citizens vote and participate in all decisions

18. Republic A form of democracy in which people elect leaders who represent them

19. Twelve Tables First written set of laws in ancient Rome

20. Pax Romana Rome’s golden age which included a time of peace and many achievements (aka Roman Peace)

Paleolithic Age

Know

n as the “_______________________” because simple

stone tools were used

___________________ period in human history.

People were nom

adic: _______________________

__________________________________________

___________________________________________

They were also know

n as

______________________________

Nam

e: ____________________________________ D

ate: _____________G

lobal 9 Period: ___________

Paleolithic Age to N

eolithic Revolution

Directions: O

nce you have filled in the notes at the top of the page, draw a picture in each of the boxes below

based on what each tim

e period w

ould look like.

Neolithic R

evolution

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________ (each

person had their own ‘role’ in society)

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

Name: ____________________________________ Date: ____________Global 9 Period: ___________

Paleolithic Age Neolithic Age

Directions: All the ideas are jumbled up! Write each idea in the proper box (Paleolithic or Neolithic)

Hunters & gatherersAgriculture (farming)Settled in one place

NomadsCave art

Domesticated plants and animalsLearned how to use fire

Old Stone AgeNew Stone AgeFirst stone toolsSpecialized jobs

Permanent settlementsInvention of the plow

Paleolithic Age Neolithic Age

Name: _____________________________________ Date: _____________Global 9 Period: ___________

Early River Valley Civilizations

Early civilizations settled near river valleys because they:

Were a good source of _______________ (for drinking and watering crops)

Were a good source of ____________ (fish & animals came flocked to river which made hunting easier)

____________________________________________________________________________________

(especially when annual flooding occurred and renewed the soil)

___________________________________________________________ (especially for trading goods)

Common features of Ancient River Valley Civilizations: _________________________________________ people believed in many gods associated with nature

_________________________________________ (barter-_________________________ (not money))

Subsistence farming: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

Name: ____________________________________ Date: ____________Global 9 Period: ___________

The Fertile Crescent

Before they settled down in various parts of the world, humans lived as nomads for tens of thousands of years. Nomads are people who have no permanent home and travel in search of food and safety. A typical nomadic group might include an extended family of about ten adults and their children. They would temporarily camp in an area for a few weeks or months -- the men hunting animals and the women gathering fruit, grains, seeds and nuts. When the nomads exhausted the resources in that area they moved on.Civilization developed slowly in different parts of the world. People began to settle in areas with abundant natural resources. For thousands of years, people have been attracted to a part of the world archaeologists later called the Fertile Crescent.

The Fertile Crescent is a boomerang-shaped region that extends from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. It is a rich food-growing area in a part of the world where most of the land is too dry for farming. Some of the best farmland of the Fertile Crescent is on a narrow strip of land between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers. The two rivers travel in the same direction for thousands of miles before they combine to drain into the Persian Gulf. The Greeks called this area Mesopotamia, which means "between the rivers." Very little rain falls in Mesopotamia, but water and nutrients from the river soak into the land, creating an environment filled with plants and the animals that feed on the vegetation.

Many different civilizations flourished in this small region. The Sumerians slowly developed one of the first civilizations in the southeastern section of Mesopotamia as early as 7,500 years ago. The Sumerian civilization lasted more than three thousand years, but in time the Sumerians lost their influence. The Babylonians formed a centralized government under King Hammurabi. The Babylonian culture lasted from about 1770BC to about 1595BC. Various other cultures dominated part or all of the Fertile Crescent including Amorites, the Kassites, (c. 1531-1155BCE) the Hittites (c. 1370 – 1205BCE) and the Assyrians (c.890-600BCE). The land known as Mesopotamia was later controlled by the Persians, the Greeks under Alexander the Great, the Romans, and the Ottoman Turks. The land between the Tigris and Euphrates has been part of the modern nation of Iraq since 1932.

1. How did nomads acquire food? ________________ & ___________________

2. When would they move on to a new place?

3. People settled near areas with “abundant natural resources.” Describe what that means.

4. Why did so many people settle in the Fertile Crescent?

5. What two rivers naturally irrigate the Fertile Crescent?

6. What name did the Greeks give the Fertile Crescent? Why?

7. What civilizations have lived in the Fertile Crescent?

8. What modern country makes up the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers today?

Name: ___________________________ Fertile Crescent Map

Color blue= bodies of water, outline rivers Color green: fertile crescentLabel: Tigris River, Euphrates River, Nile River, Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf, Black Sea, Red Sea, Caspian Sea, Mesopotamia, Egypt

Name: _____________________________________ Date: _____________Global 9 Period: ___________

Fertile Crescent Civilizations

Sumerians:

Built ___________________(large pyramid-like temples)

On the map to the right, draw a box

around the area that is pictured in the map

above

Developed ______________________ (an ancient writing system using pictographs)

_______________________________________________

Babylonians:

____________________________________: A set of laws posted for all to see.

o ____________________________________________________________________________

o Laws were not actually equal for everyone, and depended on your social class.

Hittites:

______________________________________________________________________

Phoenicians:

______________________________________of 22 symbols which became the basis of our modern

alphabet

Known as the ______________________________________________________

Persians:

Roads increased trade

Uniform system of coinage that held value

Name: ____________________________________ Date: _____________Global 9 Period: ___________

China

I. The majority of China consists of mountains and deserts.

Effects:

a. In ancient times, ________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________________________________

c. Today, most people still live in the

_______________________ of China where the

__________________________________ (OK for farming)

II. Terrace Farming

a. What is it? _______________________________

________________________________________

b. Why use it? ______________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

Where is it used? __________________________

________________________________________

Mandate of Heaven

The Chinese believed that ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

The people owed the ruler ______________________________________________________________

The ruler owed the people ______________________________________________________________

If a ruler failed, ______________________________________________________________________

Signs that a ruler lost the Mandate of Heaven:

The Dynastic Cycle

The dynastic cycle was a system developed over time by the ancient Chinese. No committee or government ever created the system; it was just something that came about over China’s long history by custom and tradition. China has been ruled by 24 different dynasties. A dynasty is a ruling family that is in charge of the country, until a civil war is fought and a new one replaces it. A dynasty is made up of a ruler and his entire extended family (kids, brothers, sisters, nephews, nieces and cousins).The head of the family and ruler of China is known as the Emperor. An Emperor wields absolute power over its people. All decisions are made by him and anyone who questions his judgment could be executed for treason. It is believed that the gods chose him and his family to rule. This concept is known as the “Mandate of Heaven.” Any insult or damage done to the Emperor or his family is considered to be an insult or damage against the gods.

The ruling Emperor will always pick an “heir”. An heir is the person who will replace the emperor after his death. Generally, the Emperor will make his eldest son the heir to the throne, but he is allowed to choose whomever he likes from his family. Once the Emperor dies, the new Emperor will be crowned and given the same respect as the last. This “phase” of the dynastic cycle where everything is going great (known as the “New Dynasty Phase”) will continue until misfortunes begin to strike the country, or a ruler begins to lose the trust and respect of its people. It is possible for a Dynasty to last for as little as a couple of days, or for hundreds and hundreds of years.

Eventually the new dynasty will become the old dynasty. Generally, the old dynasty phase of the dynastic cycle is when the dynasty loses its luster and doesn’t feel like a fresh, good thing anymore. This can happen for a variety of reasons. The current Emperor may be less competent than one of his ancestors, or perhaps may be more harsh and treat his people unfairly. Infrastructure, like roads and bridges may start to decay, he may tax the people too much or local police and soldiers may stop protecting towns and villages. At this point, people may begin to question whether or not the ruling dynasty still holds the Mandate of Heaven.

Finally, China will enter the third and final section of the dynastic cycle, known as the problems/ rebellion phase. At this point, some kind of disaster will strike China. There may be an earthquake, flood, or serious drought. Bandit robberies may start to get out of control or a foreign country might invade China. Being the religious people they are, the Chinese will now be certain that the ruling dynasty has in fact lost the Mandate of heaven. A new person will rise up and become popular, gain the support of the peasants and claim that he, in fact, now has the mandate of heaven! He will rally troops, fight a civil war and, if successful- take over China. If he loses, someone else will soon challenge the current emperor and eventually, someone will be successful. That person will be crowned emperor and his family will now rule China as the New Dynasty. He will have the complete backing of the people and the cycle begins again.

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________Global 9-Cook Period: ___________

Qin Dynasty (221-207 BCE)

Many dynasties in Ancient China lasted for hundreds of years. But the Qin Dynasty lasted for only 15 years. Yet, First Emperor Qin accomplished an amazing amount of change.   Under the Zhou dynasty, China broke up into warring states. By 221 B.C., the ruler of the state of Qin had conquered his neighbors and took on the name Shi Huangdi, or “First Emperor.”

Government:

First Emperor Qin was a legalist. Legalists believe that people are basically bad. They believe that it is necessary to control and regulate every minute of people's lives so they have the discipline needed to work hard in the fields and in battle. Qin ran his dynasty with absolute control and swift harsh punishment. It was illegal to whine about Qin's government. If you simply suggested that things might be improved, you could be put to death without a trial. 

Law Code: He introduced a new law code that applied to everybody. He created a huge law enforcement group, whose job was to enforce the laws. 

Bureaucracy: To control his people, First Emperor Qin developed a system of bureaucracy. He divided his empire into 36 provinces. Each province was divided into districts. He put two government officials in charge of each province. It was their job to put strong people in charge of each district.  Workers were well trained and paid. They reported to supervisors. People at each level supervised those below them. 

Spy System: To make sure everyone did their job correctly, First Emperor Qin set up a spy system. People had to spy on each other - it was the law. People had to spy on each at work and at home in their neighborhood or village. If people turned in lawbreakers, they were rewarded. If they did not, they were executed. It was a simple system, and it worked very well. This organization system gave Qin great power. That power allowed him to make huge changes. Qin knew that to unify China there had to be big changes. Most of his laws had something to do with protection.

Other Changes:  Land: First Emperor Qin took land away from the nobles. He did not want the nobles rising up against

him. Anyone who argued with Qin was either buried alive or put to work building the Great Wall. Standardization: He introduced one system of weights, measures, money, written language, and laws. Peasants: Peasants were assigned a job. They were either assigned the job of farmer or of silk maker. It

they tried to do anything else besides their assigned job, they were sent to work on the Great Wall. If people were lazy or slow at doing their assigned job, they were sent to work on the wall. 

Censorship: Qin practiced total censorship. He persecuted scholars and destroyed books. He defined useless books as any book about anything except books about medicine, agriculture, or prophecy. Useless books were burned. Over 400 scholars who refused to turn in books were either buried alive or sent to work on the wall. Qin did not believe in any education for the common man. According to Qin, the more time people spent studying, the less time they had to grow food. He especially disliked the teachings of Confucius. He had all Confucius' books burned. 

Qin did not think his rule was cruel. He said, "A thousand may die so that a million may live." He built roads, canals, and bridges. His public works projects probably saved millions of lives that would have been lost to floods and famine. Although many people died building the Great Wall, it did provide an advantage in war.  No rebellion occurred during his rule.

End of the Qin dynasty. He died of natural causes in 210 BCE. Once he was dead, his son took over. His son did not rule for long. People revolted against the Qin government all over the countryside.  The peasant who led that revolt became the new emperor. His dynasty was called the Han Dynasty. Life vastly improved during the Han Dynasty.Name: ________________________________

Date: ___________________Global History and Geography

Period: _________________

Qin Dynasty

LegalismDefinition:

Terracotta Warriors (Write down important information

you learn from the video)

Name:___________________________ Date: ___________Global 9- Cook Period: _________

The Silk Roads

__________________________________________________

Setting out from China along the Silk Road (named due to the high demand for silk), fearful travelers

might begin the journey with a prayer. As they set out on their trip, they had to worry about not only the very

rough terrain but also the bandits along the way. Still, the possible rewards made the risk worth taking. So the

LegalismDefinition:

Terracotta Warriors (Write down important information

you learn from the video)

travelers would tighten the straps on their pack animals-horses, mules, camels, or yaks laden with bundles of

goods and in a band of 50 or more, protected by a bodyguard of archers, the caravan set forth.

Week after week, month after month, the journey continued. The traders would roast in the deserts of

the Takla Makan and freeze in the icy, snowy mountains. The great Silk Road stretched halfway across Asia

and linked East Asia and the Mediterranean world. Still, few traders covered the entire distance. Instead,

goods were relayed in stages from one set of traders to another.

A Chinese historian described travel on the desert: “You see nothing in any direction but the sky and the

sands, without the slightest trace of a road, and travelers find nothing to guide them but the bones of men and

beasts and the droppings of camels…You hear sounds, sometimes of singing; and it has often happened that

travelers going aside to see what these sounds might be have strayed from their course and been entirely lost.”

In addition to the menace of natural forces, bands of raiders lurked along the route, ready to descend on

careless travelers. Despite the dangers, traders and travelers moved along the Silk Road. Lucky traders might

return to China with furs from Central Asia, muslin (cloth) from India, glass from Rome, pears, oranges, etc..

The wheel, writing, weaving, gunpowder, religions, paper, and printing were among the inventions and ideas

that spread along the Silk Road from China.

Silk Roads Journal Entry

Directions: Write a journal entry about your travels on the Silk Road. You can be a Chinese trader, a European trader or a Bandit (raider). You will be graded on how well you incorporate accurate global studies information on the silk road into your creative story. You must write a minimum of 10 sentences.

Things to include: who you are with (are you traveling in a caravan? with family? friends?) why you are on the silk roads (hopes, goals, fears) locations (what country you’re from, where you’ve been, where you’re going) what you see (be specific about the things you come across on your journey)

what ideas/goods you shared/traded with another culture

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: _______________________________ Date: __________Global 9 Period: _________

Early China Review

Geography

Most people live in the ________________ part of China because of its fertile soil. However, the majority of

China is covered with _________________ (like the Gobi and Taklimakan) and ______________________

(like the Himalayas). Due to the many mountains, the Chinese adapted to their environment by cutting ‘steps’

into the mountains. This is known as _____________ farming. The earliest civilizations of China settled near

the Huang He River, which is often called the ______________ River or River of Sorrows due to its floods.

Mandate of Heaven

A ___________________ is a ruling family in China in which the _______________ is the leader. The

emperor is believed to have been given the right to rule from god. This concept is known as the

__________________________________________________. Three ways a dynasty can lose this are:

____________________________, ________________________, _______________________.

Qin Dynasty

Qin took the name “_________________________” which means first emperor. He followed the belief system

called ______________________ because he believed people were inherently bad and needed harsh rules to

guide their behavior. Two achievements he is most known for are the _______________

_________________________ & ____________________________.

Silk Roads

The Silk Road played a large role in the sharing of goods and ideas between different cultures. This is known

as _________________________________. The Silk Road was not one road, but many different trade routes

between ________________, ________________, and the Middle East.

Name: ___________________________________ Date: ___________________Global 9 Period: _________________

Early Civilizations in Latin America

Mayas Aztecs Incas

(1800 BC- 900 AD) (1100-1500) (1200-1530)G

eogr

aphy

________________________

________________________

_________________ (cut and

burn rainforest to clear room

for a field to farm on)

Provided food for large cities

_______________________

_______________________-

crops grew on floating

gardens

_______________________

______________ Mountains

_______________________

_ (cut steps into Andes

mountains to farm on)

_______________________

- brought water from

mountains to lowlands

Rel

igio

n

________________________

Built huge pyramid-temples

to honor gods

Belief that gods control

nature so perform regular

ceremonies to keep gods

happy

_______________________

Built huge pyramid-temples

to honor gods

Sacrificed humans and

animals to gods

_______________________

_

Built huge pyramid-temples

to honor gods

Main temple was covered in

gold

Ach

ieve

men

ts

________________________

________________________

“glyphs” ________________

_______________________

(similar to the hieroglyphics

of Ancient Egypt)

Astronomy-

______________________

Math-

________________________

_______________________

_______________________

Capital city of

_____________________

(had the largest population in

the world at the time)

_______________________

_______________________

Main temple was covered in

__________

____________________

____________________

____________________

Big Ideas about Latin America:

Mountains, along with tropical forests in the lowlands, created barriers to the movement of people. These features limited contact among areas and contributed to _______________________________- (cultures live near each other but stay isolated and do not mix)

Each of the early civilizations ______________________________________________ (ex. Different forms of farming)

Early civilizations (Aztecs, Mayas, Incas) were already very _____________________ ______________________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________ Date: ____________Global 9 Period: ___________

Ancient Greece

Geography:

Greece is located in _______________________________

The main part of Greece is a __________________ (land surrounded by water on three sides) and the

rest of it is made up of __________________.

Greece juts out into the ________________________________________. The Sea between Greece and

the Persian Empire (present day Turkey) is called the _______________________.

City-States:

Because Greece has a very _______________________ geography, it was _______________________

________________________. Instead, Greece was divided into _______________________________

_____________________ and experienced ________________________________. Each city-state had

its own ___________________ and __________. The two most famous city-states were:

Athens

__________________________________

Direct Democracy - __________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

Believed in education

Focused on trade, interaction and culture

Known for its philosophers and writers

Sparta

___________________________ where men

spent almost all of their lives ____________

____________________

Spartans had _____________ who farmed so

the Spartans could focus on the military

Very isolated

Name: ___________________________________ Date: _____________Global 9 Period: ___________

Ancient Rome

Geography:

What geographic feature do you think Rome settled near and why? (List three reasons)

Rome began as a small _______________

on the _______________________ in Italy

The two main mountain ranges in Italy are

the _______________ (in the north) and the ___________________ Mts. (run through the center)

Government:

In 509 B.C. Rome established a __________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Citizenship was not granted to ____________ or __________________ and women had no right to vote

______________________________: ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________. These laws ____________

____________________________________________ since they were displayed in public for all to see

The Romans developed important legal ideas such “_________________________________________

_______________________________” and the use of ________________________ in court.

Pax Romana (_____________________) 27 BCE- 180 AD

True or False?

The Pax Romana included about 200 years of peace & prosperity

The Romans gave citizenship to the people they conquered

Roads made it difficult to unite the empire

The Silk Roads spread all the way to Rome & contributed to cultural diffusion

Buddhism spread throughout the Empire

Name: _______________________ Date: _____________Global 9 Period: ___________

Roman Architecture Used TodayNotes Ancient Rome Today

Con

cret

e Lime and ________________________

______________________ and durableR

oads

Used primarily for ________________

Extremely well made and long lasting

Crowned-(_______________________

______________ for water run-off)

Arc

hes

First to use arch in variety of structures

Able to __________________________

___________ large, heavy buildings

Dom

es

_______________________________ of

vaulted ceilings and large covered public

spaces

Am

phith

eate

r ______________ with ascending seating

________________________________

o Gladiator combats, chariot races,

animal slayings, or executions

Aqu

educ

ts

Used to conduct a water stream across hollows

or valleys

________________________________

________________________________

Used water was emptied into sewers to remove

waste material

Name: ____________________________ Date: ___________Global 9 Period: _________

Thematic Essay: Geography

Directions: Write a well-organized essay that includes an introduction, several paragraphs addressing the task below, and a conclusion.

Theme: GeographyGeographic features can positively or negatively affect the development of a nation or a region.

Task:

You may use any geographic feature from your study of global history. Some suggestions you

might wish to consider include: river valley, mountain, desert, island, rain forest, and climate.

You are not limited to these suggestions.

Do not describe geography in the United States.

Guidelines:In your essay, be sure to:

Develop all aspects of the task Support the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details Use a logical and clear plan of organization, including an introduction and a

conclusion that are beyond a restatement of the theme.

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________Class: __________________________ Period: ___________

Thematic Essay ChecklistGeography

Select two different geographic features and for each: Explain how this geographic feature has influenced the

development of two nations or regions

Teacher Student

+ √ - Grading Criteria

Essay thoroughly develops all parts of the task evenly and in depth

Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization

Includes an introduction and a conclusion that are beyond a restatement of the theme

Includes numerous facts, examples and details to support the claim VERY IMPPORTANT!!!

Is more analytical than descriptive (analyzes & evaluates information)

+ √ - A “how-to” guide

Create a graphic organizer; fill in all boxes with simplified notes

Introduction (approximately 3-5 sentences)

Reword the Theme

Provide basic background information

End with your CLAIM (what your essay is going to prove based off the Task)

Body Paragraphs (approximately 10 sentences)

Point: Make your point (this should be based on the claim)

Evidence: Back up your point with supporting facts, examples, and details

Explanation: Explain how the evidence supports your claim; analyze why/how it’s important

Link: Form a connection to the claim; form a connection between each point in the paper

Style: Establish and maintain a formal style; Use proper spelling and grammar

Conclusion (approximately 3-5 sentences)

Reword the Theme/Historical Context/claim

Summarize what each body paragraph proved

Score (Student)

0 .5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Score (Teacher)

0 .5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Class grade: ________

Basic Outline for Thematic Essay on Geography

I. Introduction

II. Body Paragraph: Rivers

a. Describe one civilization that settled near a specific river

b. Describe another civilization that settled near a specific river

c. Explain how living near a river had a positive impact on both civilizations (all the good reasons early civilizations settled near rivers)

III. Body Paragraph: Mountains

a. Describe one civilization that settled near mountains

b. Explain how the mountains impacted them

c. Describe a second civilization that settled near mountains

d. Explain how the mountains impacted them

IV. Conclusion