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CESCOP2019, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon – Turkey, September 04-06, 2019

4-6 September 2019, Karadeniz Technical University - Trabzon, Turkey

Book of Abstracts

Editors

Prof.Dr. Sevil SAVAŞKAN YILMAZ

Prof.Dr. Halit KANTEKİN

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Beytullah ERTEM

Arş.Gör. Taylan BAŞKAN


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HONORARY CHAIR

Prof. Dr. Süleyman BAYKAL, Rector of Karadeniz Technical University

CHAIRS

Prof. Dr. Sevil Savaşkan YILMAZ, Karadeniz Technical University

Prof. Dr. Halit KANTEKİN, Karadeniz Technical University

CO-CHAIRS

Prof. Dr. Kamil KAYGUSUZ, Karadeniz Technical University

Prof. Dr. Emin BACAKSIZ, Karadeniz Technical University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlknur ALTIN, Karadeniz Technical University

CONGRESS SECRETARY

Prof. Dr. Murat KÜÇÜK, Karadeniz Technical University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yakup KOLCUOGLU, Karadeniz Technical University

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INVITED SPEAKERS

Prof. Dr. İbrahim DİNÇER – University of Ontario, Canada and Yıldız Technical University, Turkey

Dr. Ralf DILLERT – Leibniz University, Germany

Prof. Dr. Paola CALZA – Turin University, Italy

Prof.Dr. Raşit TURAN – Middle East Technical University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Volkan FİLİZ – Helmholtz-Zentrom Geesthacht Institute of Polymer Research, Germany

Prof. Dr. Yusuf MENCELOĞLU – Sabancı University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Mervat EL-HOZ – Balamand University, Lebanon

Asst. Prof. Bülend ORTAÇ – Bilkent University, Turkey

Asst. Prof. Sedat SÜRDEM - National Boron Research Institute, Turkey

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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Prof. Dr. Ümit ALVER, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Antonio ARQUES, Universitat Politecnica De Valencia, Spain

Prof. Dr. Orhan AYDIN, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Emin BACAKSIZ, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Detlef W. BAHNEMANN, Leibniz University, Germany

Prof. Dr. Paola CALZA, Turin Universtiy, Italy

Prof. Dr. Uğur ÇEVİK, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. İbrahim DİNÇER, University of Ontario, Canada and Yıldız Technical University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Şule ERTAN ELA, Ege University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Volkan FİLİZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Institute of Polymer Research, Germany

Prof. Dr. Kamil KAYGUSUZ, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Giuliana MAGNACCA, Turin University, Italy

Prof. Dr. Gilles MAILHOT, Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, France

Prof. Dr. M. Luisa MARIN, Universitat Politecnica De Valencia, Spain

Prof. Dr. Sixto MALATO, Plataforma Solar de Almeria, Spain

Prof. Dr. Yusuf MENCELOĞLU, Sabancı University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Mine İnce OCAKOĞLU, Mersin University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Mehmet PARLAK, Middle East Technical University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Şaban PATAT, Erciyes University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Claire RICHARD Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, France

Prof. Dr. Ahmet SARI, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Vassilis STATHOPOULOS, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece

Prof. Dr. Şenay ŞANLIER, Ege University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Raşit TURAN, Middle East Technical University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Sevil Savaşkan YILMAZ, Karadeniz Technical University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlknur ALTIN, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vittorio BOFFA, Aalborg University, Denmark

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Beytullah ERTEM, Karadeniz Technical University

Assoc. Prof.Dr. Sedat KELEŞ, Karadeniz Technical University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Önder METİN, Koç University, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nalan ÖZDEMİR, Erciyes University, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Dr. İsmail POLAT, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Salih YILMAZ, Adana Science and Technology University, Turkey

Asst. Prof. Dr. Sedat SÜRDEM, National Boron Research Institute

Dr. Haris KADRISPAHIC, Liqtech International A/S, Denmark

Dr. Isabel OLLER, Plataforma Solar de Almeria, Spain

Dr. Bülend ORTAÇ, Bilkent University, UNAM, Turkey

Dr. Abdullah ÜZÜM, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey

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LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Prof. Dr. Olcay BEKİRCAN, Karadeniz Technical University

Prof. Dr. Ahmet ÇOLAK, Karadeniz Technical University

Prof. Dr. Hamdullah ÇUVALCI, Karadeniz Technical University

Prof. Dr. İsmail DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU, Karadeniz Technical University

Prof. Dr. Celal DURAN, Karadeniz Technical University

Prof. Dr. Murat KÜÇÜK, Karadeniz Technical University

Prof. Dr. Tayfur KÜÇÜKÖMEROĞLU, Karadeniz Technical University

Prof. Dr. Ümmühan OCAK, Karadeniz Technical University

Prof. Dr. Miraç OCAK, Karadeniz Technical University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Beytullah ERTEM, Karadeniz Technical University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sedat KELEŞ, Karadeniz Technical University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yakup KOLCUOGLU, Karadeniz Technical University

Dr. Ümmühan ÇAKMAK, Karadeniz Technical University

Dr. Fatih ÇELİK, Karadeniz Technical University

Dr. Turgay KAR, Karadeniz Technical University

Dr. Sinan NOHUT, Karadeniz Technical University

Dr. Fulya ÖZ TUNCAY, Karadeniz Technical University

Dr. Abdullah ÜZÜM, Karadeniz Technical University

Dr. Nuri YILDIRIM, Karadeniz Technical University

Chukwuka Bethel ANUCHA, Karadeniz Technical University

Taylan BAŞKAN, Karadeniz Technical University

Zehra Merve CİNAN, Karadeniz Technical University

İmran KANMAZ, Karadeniz Technical University

Yakup KARA, Karadeniz Technical University

Abdullah KARACA, Karadeniz Technical University

Melek KAYA, Karadeniz Technical University

Yasin MISIRLIOĞLU, Karadeniz Technical University

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Şevki ŞENTÜRK, Karadeniz Technical University

Aslıhan YILMAZ, Karadeniz Technical University

Kenan KAYA (Technical Officer)

Rahman AYHAN ( Media Officer)

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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Prof. Dr. Antonio ARQUES, Universitat Politecnica De Valencia, Spain

Prof. Dr. Paola CALZA, Turin Universtiy, Italy

Prof. Dr. Giuliana MAGNACCA, Turin Universtiy, Italy

Prof. Dr. Gilles MAILHOT, Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, France

Prof. Dr. M. Luisa MARIN, Universitat Politecnica De Valencia, Spain

Prof. Dr. Claire RICHARD Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, France

Prof. Dr. Peter ROSLEV, Aalborg University, Denmark

Prof. Dr. Elisa ROBOTTI, Università Degli Studi Del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Italy

Prof. Dr. Vassilis STATHOPOULOS, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vittorio BOFFA, Aalborg University, Denmark

Dr. Rita BINETTI, Società Metropolitana Acque Torino S.P.A., Italy

Dr. Stéphane BOUCHONNET, Ecole Polytechnique, France

Dr. Haris KADRISPAHIC, Liqtech International A/S, Denmark

Dr. Isabel OLLER, Plataforma Solar De Almería – CIEMAT, Spain

Dr. Vassilis SAKKAS, University of Ioannina, Greece

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Meeting Program

Wednesday, 04 September 2019

08:30 -

17:00 Registration

09:30 Official Opening Ceremony

1st Session10:20 Chairperson Raşit TURAN

Invited Lecture10:20 İbrahim DİNÇER, Renewable Hydrogen Energy Options for a Sustainable Path

11:00 Coffee Break

Chairperson Raşit TURANInvited Lecture

11:20 Volkan FİLİZ, Polymeric Membranes - Materials and Processes in Gas- and Liquid-Phase Separations

12:00 Lunch

2nd Session13:45 Chairperson İbrahim DİNÇER

Invited Lecture13:45 Raşit TURAN, Crystalline Si Photovoltaic Solar Cells : Future Perspectives and

R&D Activities at METU-GÜNAM

Oral Session14:25 Xianzheng MA, Graphene Oxide for Oil and Gas Technologies

14:45 Mustafa Ergin ŞAHİN, A Photovoltaic Powered Electrolysis Converter System with Maximum Power Point Tracking Control

15:05 Coffee Break

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3rd Session15:20 Chairperson Volkan FİLİZ

Invited Lecture15:20 Ralf DILLERT, Quantum Yields of Photocatalytic Reactions and Photocatalytic

Reactor Design

Oral Session16:00 Chukwuka Bethel ANUCHA, Development of Photocatalytic TiO2 Washcoats over

Porous α-Al2O3 Substrates16:20 Melik Ziya YAKUT, Use of Nb-TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray

Pyrolysis Method as Working Electrode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

19:00 Dinner

Thursday, 05 September 2019

4th Session09:00 Chairperson Ralf DILLERT

Invited Lecture09:00 Yusuf MENCELOĞLU, Materıals Nanoengineering for Electrochemical Energy

Conversion and Storage Technologies

Oral Session09:40 Keziban ATACAN, Performance of Magnetic Ag2CrO4/ZnO/MnFe2O4 Ternary

Nanocomposite for Dye Degradation under Visible-light Driven10:00 Illaria BERRUTI, Doped Zinc Oxides for the simultaneous removal of

Microorganisms and Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Water10:20 Birten ÇAKMAKLI, Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB)/Thermoplastic Polyurethane

(TPU) Composites Containing PVDF or BaTiO3

10:40 COFFEE BREAK AND POSTER PRESENTATION

12:00 Lunch

5th Session13:45 Chairperson Yusuf MENCELOĞLU

Invited Lecture13:45 Bülend ORTAÇ, Nanomaterials Produced with Pulsed Laser Ablation and Their

Applications

Oral Session14:25 Fabrício Eduardo Bortot COELHO, Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) in the

Presence of Humic Acid Using Ce-ZrO2 Under Visible Light14:45 Mustafa Ergin ŞAHİN, A Hybrid PV- Battery/Supercapacitor System and a Basic

Active Power Control Proposal in MATLAB/Simulink15:05 Coffee Break

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6th Session15:20 Chairperson Bülend ORTAÇ

Invited Lecture15:20 Paola CALZA, Rare Earth Elements Doped Semiconductors: from Fundamentals to

their Exploitation in Sustainable Water Treatments

Oral Session16:00 Duygu KUZYAKA, Microporous Vanadosilicate AM-6 Thin Films for Photocatalytic

Applications16:20 Ayşe BERKDEMİR, Multicrystalline Silicon Ingot Production with Directional

Solidification for Photovoltaic Cells16:40 Sedat SÜRDEM, Synthesis and Characterization of Boron-Containing Acrylated

Monomers

19:00 Gala Dinner

Friday, 06 September 2019

7th Session09:00 Chairperson Paola CALZA

Invited Lecture09:00 Mervat EL-HOZ, Opportunities and Challenges of Nanotechnology in Water and

Wastewater Treatment

Oral Session09:40 Ivan Matías SCISCENKO, EEM-PARAFAC as a Novel Technique to Study

Fluoroquinolones Degradation by Photolysis and (Photo)-Fenton10:00 Kamil KAYGUSUZ, Hydrogen Production from Renewable Energy Sources

10:20 COFFEE BREAK AND POSTER PRESENTATION

11:20 Murat KÜÇÜK, Use of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) in Antioxidant Research of Fatty Foods

11:40 Melik Ziya YAKUT, Production and Investigation of CdS /CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method

12:00 Lunch

8th Session14:00 Chairperson Mervat EL-HOZ

Invited Lecture14:00 Sedat SÜRDEM, Organoboron Compounds, Polymers, Applications, and Their

Market

14:40Oral Sessionİlknur ALTIN, Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A under Visible Light Over Graphene Oxide Based Heterojunction CuO-TiO2 Composite Catalysts

15:00 Coffee Break

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9th Session15:20 Chairperson Sedat SÜRDEM

Oral Session15:20 Taylan BAŞKAN, Determination of the Gamma Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficient

of HB(PAE-b-PCL-DI)-PU-OPC Composites Sorbed Se and Pb Atoms15:40 Ayşe AKTAŞ KAMİLOĞLU, Investigation of Catalytic Activities of Cobalt (II) and

Copper (II) Phthalocyanine Compounds on Photocatalytic Degradation Reactions of Different Phenol Compounds

16:00 Closing remarks

18:00 Dinner

Saturday, 07 September 2019 Social Program (08:30 - 17:00)

* Opening ceremony and all the sessions will be held in Fahri Kuran Hall in Prof. Dr. Osman Turan Culture and Congress Center.

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INDEXInvited Talks

Name-Surname / Title PageAsst.Prof. Bülend ORTAÇNanomaterials Produced with Pulsed Laser Ablation and Their Applications

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Prof.Dr. İbrahim DİNÇERRenewable Hydrogen Energy Options for A Sustainable Path

20

Prof.Dr. Mervat El-HozOpportunities and Challenges of Nanotechnology in Water and Wastewater Treatment

21

Prof.Dr. Paola CALZARare Earth Elements Doped Semiconductors: from Fundamentals to their Exploitation in Sustainable Water Treatments

22

Dr. Ralf DİLLERTQuantum Yields of Photocatalytic Reactions and Photocatalytic Reactor Design

23

Prof. Dr. Raşit TURANCrystalline Si Photovoltaic Solar Cells: Future Perspectives and R&D Activities at METU-GÜNAM

24

Asst.Prof. Sedat SÜRDEMOrganoboron Compounds, Polymers, Applications, and Their Market

25

Prof.Dr. Volkan FİLİZPolymeric Membranes - Materials and Processes in Gas- and Liquid-Phase Separations

26

Prof.Dr. Yusuf Z. MENCELOĞLUMaterials Nanoengineering For Electrochemical Energy Conversion And Storage Technologies

27

Oral Presentations

Name-Surname / Title PageSedat SÜRDEMSynthesis And Characterization of Boron Containing Acrylated Monomers

29

Mustafa Ergin ŞAHİNA Photovoltaic Powered Electrolysis Converter System with Maximum Power Point Tracking Control

30

Yasin MISIRLIOGLU, Taylan BASKAN, Zehra Merve CINAN, Sevki SENTURK, Tuncay BAYRAM, Sevil SAVASKAN YILMAZ, Ahmet Hakan YILMAZDetermination of the Gamma Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficient of HB(PAE-b-PCL-DI)-PU-OPC Composites Sorbed Se and Pb Atoms

31

Mustafa Ergin Şahin, Frede BlaabjergA Hybrid PV- Battery/Supercapacitor System and a Basic Active Power Control Proposal in MATLAB/Simulink

32

Ayşe AKTAŞ KAMİLOĞLUInvestigation of Catalytic Activities of Cobalt (II) and Copper (II) Phthalocyanine Compounds on Photocatalytic Degradation Reactions of Different Phenol Compounds

33

Ayşe Berkdemir, Harun Erol, Osman Kahveci, Serkan Şahan, 3414


Uğur Şahin, Mehmet GündüzMulticrystalline Silicon Ingot Production with Directional Solidification for Photovoltaic CellsChukwuka Bethel Anucha, Pavlos K. Pandis, Vassilis N. Stathopoulos, Ilias Georgiopoulos, Zoi Tatoudi, Christos Argirusis, IIknur Altin, Emin BacaksizDevelopment of Photocatalytic TiO2 Washcoats Over Porous α-Al2O3 Substrates

35

Duygu Kuzyaka, Burcu AkataaMicroporous Vanadosilicate AM-6 Thin Films for Photocatalytic Applications

36

Kamil KAYGUSUZ, Turgay Kar, Sedat KELEŞHydrogen Production from Renewable Energy Sources

37

Ilaria Berruti, Nuno P.F. Gonçalves, Maria Inmaculada Polo López, Isabel Oller, Paola Calza, Maria Cristina Paganini, Marcello ManfrediDoped Zinc Oxides for the simultaneous removal of Microorganisms and Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Water

38

I. Sciscenko, S. Garcia-Ballesteros, I. Oller, C. Escudero, A. ArquesEEM-PARAFAC as a Novel Technique to Study Fluoroquinolones Degradation by Photolysis and (Photo)-Fenton

39

Keziban AtacanPerformance of Magnetic Ag2CrO4/ZnO/MnFe2O4 Ternary Nanocomposite for Dye Degdation under Visible-light Driven

40

Melik Ziya YAKUT, Meryem Serfiraz BİLİCİUse of Nb-TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method as Working Electrode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

41

Melik Ziya YAKUT, Hüsam Emre KUZDEREProduction and Investigation of CdS / CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method

42

Xianzheng Ma, Anil Kumar Suri, Giuliana Magnacca, Vittorio BoffaGraphene Oxide for Oil and Gas Technologies

43

Murat Küçük, Hacer Doğan, Uğur Kardil, Melek Kaya, Ayça Aktaş Karaçelik, Semra Alkan TürkuçarUse of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) in Antioxidant Research of Fatty Foods

44

Birten ÇAKMAKLI, Emrehan ÖNERPoly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB)/Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Composites Containing PVDF or BaTiO3

45

Fabrício Eduardo Bortot Coelho, Giuliana MagnaccaPhotocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) in the Presence of Humic Acid Using Ce-ZrO2 Under Visible Light

46

İlknur ALTIN, Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A under Visible Light Over Graphene Oxide Based Heterojunction CuO-TiO2 Composite Catalysts

47

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Poster Presentations

Name-Surname / Title PageA.Pavanello, P. Johnston, A. Blasco, M. A. Miranda, M. L. MarinSynthesis and performance of silver phosphate semiconductors for the photodegradation of food dyes under visible light

49

Oscar Cabezuelo, Francisco Bosca, M. Luisa MarinSynthesis and Characterization of a SiO2@TiO2 Core@Shell Photocatalyst for the Abatement of Phenolic Contaminants

50

Abdullah Karaca, H.İbrahim Efkere, Semran Sağlam, Emin Bacaksız, Süleyman ÖzçelikDevelopment of ZnS Antireflective Thin Film Coating for MWIR Region

51

Chukwuka Bethel Anucha, Pavlos K. Pandis, Vassilis N. Stathopoulos, Ilias Georgiopoulos, Zoi Tatoudi, Cristos Argirusis, Iıknur Altin, Emin BacaksizCeramic Paste Preparation and Suspension Wash Coats Formulation for Disc Shaped α-Al2O3 Substrate

52

Dennis Deemter, Isabel Oller, Sixto Malato, Ana M. AmatApplication of Advanced Integrated Technologies (Membrane and Photo-Oxidation Processes) for the Removal of CECs contained in Urban Wastewater

53

Fatih Çelik, Dilek Ünlüer, Sadık Deniz, Kemal SancakSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORIGINAL COMPOUNDS CONTAINING 1,2,4-TRIAZOL HETERO RING SYSTEM

54

Fatih Çelik, Dilek Ünlüer, Sadık Deniz, Kemal SancakSYNTHESIS OF HYBRID 1,2,3-TRIAZOL COMPOUNDS AND INVESTIGATION OF BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

55

Fulya OZ TUNCAY, Ummuhan CAKMAK, Yakup KOLCUOĞLU, Nihal KUTLU CALISKANThermodynamic Parameters for Thermal Inactivation of α-Amylase from Macroalgae Tissue

56

Halise Yalazan, Kader Tekintas, Vildan Serdaroglu, Nuran Kahriman, Ece Tugba Saka, Halit KantekinInvestigation of Photocatalytic Properties of Octa Substituted Zinc(II), Magnesium(II) and Lead(II) Phthalocyanine Compounds on 4-Nitrophenol Photooxidation

57

Melek Kaya, Hacer Doğan, Uğur Kardil, Ayça Aktaş Karaçelik, Murat KüçükObservation of Antioxidant Activity of Standard Antioxidants in Butter by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

58

Nuno P. F. Gonçalves, Maria Cristina Paganini, Paolo Armillotta, Erik Cerrato, Paola CalzaThe effect of cobalt doping on the efficiency of semiconductor oxides in the photocatalytic water remediation

59

Turgay Kar, Sedat KELEŞ, Kamil KAYGUSUZCatalytic Cracking and ZSM-5 Zeolite

60

Turgay Kar, Sedat KELEŞ, Kamil KAYGUSUZCatalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Some Bio-Wastes with Vanadium Oxide Catalyst

61

Uğur Kardil, Hacer Doğan, Melek Kaya, Semra Alkan Türkuçar, Murat Küçük

62

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Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) Measurements of Antioxidant Performance of BHT, Trolox and Gallic Acid in Butter SystemUmmuhan CAKMAK, Fulya OZ TUNCAY, Yakup KOLCUOĞLU, Nihal KUTLU CALISKANCalculation of Thermodynamic Parameters Necessary for Thermal Inactivation of Xylanase from Macroalgae Tissue

63

Fatma KÖKLÜ KOCAÖZ, Birten ÇAKMAKLI, Emrehan ÖNERSynthesis and Characterization of Some Novel Plant Oil Based PNIPAM Cryogels

64

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INVITED TALKS

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Nanomaterials Produced with Pulsed Laser Ablation and Their Applications

Dr. Bülend ORTAÇ

National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)

Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (MSN), İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, Bilkent, Turkey

[email protected]

Group web = http://www.ortacgroup.org/

High-energy laser systems are interesting for many applications, including scientific instrumentation, industrial material processing, imaging, medical and military technologies. The main motivation of the presentation will focus on the application of powerful laser systems in nanoscience and nanotechnology. One of the milestones of the nanotechnology research is the nanomaterials which are in the size of one billion of a meter (1 nm = 10 -9 m). Nanometer scale provides materials unique physical and chemical properties that are completely different than their bulk counterparts. One of the top-down nanoparticle production methods, pulsed-laser ablation of solids in solution offers a prominent way for the nanoparticle production due to its versatility and low cost. Moreover, synthesis of nanoparticles by laser ablation shown the potential feasibility of laser ablation for large-scale synthesis applications. High quality semiconductor and metal nanoparticles can be produced by using laser ablation technology. By the use of the method that we developed in UNAM Laser Research Laboratories, the nanoparticles in a wide range of materials and the nanocomposites that are the basis of those materials are being able to produce. Those include wide variety of materials from pure metals to alloys as well as the semiconductors. By the use of newly produced nanocomposites, new generation stress sensors and photodetectors are also being developed.

Bülend Ortaç short bio:

Bulend Ortaç¸ received the B.S. degree in physics from the Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey in 1997, the M.S. degree in teaching and diffusion of sciences and technology from ENS Cachan University, France, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree in optoelectronics from Rouen University, France, in 2004. In March 2005, he joined the Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany, as a Postdoctoral Associate. Since November 2009, he has been working as a Principle Investigator with the Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey. He is the Founder and Principal Investigator of the Fiber Optics and Laser Research Laboratories. He has authored or coauthored more than 190 research articles in major peer-reviewed scientific journals and conferences in the field of laser physics. His research interests include the development of powerful fibers and lasers in the continuous-wave regime to pulsed regime and the demonstration of laser systems for real world applications.

19

mailto:[email protected]


Renewable Hydrogen Energy Options for A Sustainable Path

Prof.Dr. İbrahim DİNÇER

University of Ontario, CanadaYıldız Technical University, Turkey

[email protected]

As we face great challenges about three primary Es (such as Energy, Environment and Economy), we need a critical solution to move into a non-carbon based economy which is impossible to achieve it without hydrogen. Of course, hydrogen is not a freely available element, and we essentially need to disassociate it from water, although there numerous other hydrogen sources which are potentially considered by many. In this presentation, a focus is made on renewable energy based hydrogen production systems, particularly on thermochemical cycles and photoelectrochemical processes, and their developments, assessments and performance evaluations for various applications. Numerous cases studies and project results are presented to highlight the importance of innovative hydrogen production methods for better sustainability. Comprehensive life cycle assessment results are also presented to discuss the spectrums of various applications and implications.

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Opportunities and Challenges of Nanotechnology in Water and Wastewater Treatment

Mervat El-Hoz, Prof.

Chairperson, Environmental Engineering Program

The University of Balamand

P.O.Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon

[email protected]

Water scarcity worldwide is widespread even in water-rich areas where freshwater is unevenly distributed and because of the tremendous pressure of population growth, rapidly growing demand, industrialization, civilization, environmental change (climate change and global warming), agricultural activities and water quality degradation. Depending on future population growth rates, between 2.7 and 3.2 billion people may live in scarce conditions by 2025, and by 2050 between 2 and 7 billion people will face water scarcity. The need for technological innovation to support integrated water management cannot be exaggerated. Against this background, there is a need to explore new technologies to provide clean drinking water. This requires tremendous research to develop new water purification techniques taking into account energy requirements and environmental impact. These technologies should be much cheaper, more reliable, less energy intensive and more environmentally friendly. One methodology being investigated in many countries to address this challenge of expanding access to safe drinking water, ensuring drinking water supplies and reducing global water pollution is the application of nanotechnology. Globally, nanomaterials have been the focus of active research and development in recent years due to the exceptional properties resulting from the size of the nanoscale, its high surface area that can be used effectively to remove toxic metal ions, pathogenic microbes, organic and inorganic solutes from water.

This article highlights nanomaterials and their properties in addition to nanotechnology-based water treatment technologies that are used to purify and decontaminate water, disinfection, improve desalination of seawater and salt water, and safe reuse of wastewater. It also compares the performance of conventional technologies with nanotechnology for water treatment, industrial wastewater and environmental remediation; the benefits of nanotechnology to increase their utilization for sustainable water management, and water supply through the safe use of non-conventional water sources. Finally, it covered the constraints compared to current processes; the challenges associated with cost-effective development; and research needs for marketing.

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Rare Earth Elements Doped Semiconductors: from Fundamentals to their Exploitation in Sustainable Water Treatments

Paola Calza

Department of Chemistry, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 5- 10125 Torino (ITALY)

[email protected]

Recently, several groups started to investigate the role of rare earth elements (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Er and Yb) as a dopant of different oxides. Among semiconductor nanomaterials, we chose ZnO thanks to several interesting properties and broad applications. We synthesized via hydrothermal or precipitation processes and characterized different photocatalysts based on ZnO doped with a low amount of RE (1% molar); then, the photocatalytic performance of pristine and rare earth elements doped zinc oxide was tested toward the abatement of a model pollutant in MilliQ water and wastewater matrices. ZnO doped with Ce, Er and particularly with Yb exhibited photoactivity higher than bare zinc oxide and the benchmark TiO2 P25, especially in wastewater matrix.

Aiming at identifying the best operating conditions that couples the highest degradation efficiency with the lowest environmental loading, the results of an experimental design face centered model were combined to life cycle assessment (LCA). The concentration of photocatalyst, type of REE used as the dopant, its precursor and dopant concentration in the photocatalyst constituted the set of explanatory variables. Cumulative energy demand and Global Warming Potentials were used as indicators in LCA.

The best performing materials and optimized experimental conditions were then exploited to the abatement of some refractory pollutants. Furthermore, we combined the use of REE doped ZnO with enzymes aimed to further increase activity, and evaluated for their ability to remove a mixture of organic pollutants. These materials were tested in their free form as well as supported on poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA) nanofiber mats fabricated through the process of electrospinning. In free form they showed a good removal efficacy of all the contaminants even in a mixed matrix environment which mimics a real scenario.

By combining enzymes attached to the SMA nanofibres and oxides nanoparticles into the polymer nanofibres, a synergic effect was observed and it was particularly marked when using Ce-doped ZnO in wastewater matrix. Supporting these materials on nanofiber mats did not compromise on the effectiveness of the materials.

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Quantum Yields of Photocatalytic Reactions and Photocatalytic Reactor Design

Ralf Dillert

Institut für Technische Chemie, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany

[email protected]

Heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis in solid-liquid systems is considered as an effective method to harvest photons for the oxidative degradation of organic water pollutants, the generation of molecular hydrogen by water splitting or reforming of organic compounds, the fixation of carbon dioxide or molecular nitrogen, and the synthesis of organic compounds. For the design of reactors, which are intended for photocatalytic reactions in suspensions, the knowledge of the quantum yield of the desired reaction is essential. However, determining the number of absorbed photons in heterogeneous systems involves some difficulties.

In light-induced photocatalytic reactions, the photons inevitably enter the fluid phase through a window. At the two interfaces of the window some photons are reflected. The portion of photons transmitted through the window enters the fluid phase where the photons then hit the photocatalyst particles and are absorbed or scattered by them. For photoreactors having positive irradiation geometry, reflection at the interfaces of the window and scattering out of the suspension results in significant losses of photons which are therefore not available for the desired chemical reaction. The photon losses by reflection and scattering can be reduced by using a photoreactor with negative irradiation geometry because some of the reflected photons may enter the fluid phase elsewhere inside the photoreactor. Recently, Emeline and co-authors have proposed a particular design of a reactor with negative irradiation geometry in which the light entrance is surrounded by the suspension in all three spatial directions (as far as technically feasible). The design of this photoreactor thus ensures that almost all out-scattered photons re-enter the suspension elsewhere.1 This "black-body" like reactor1 thus easily enables the determination of the amount of absorbed photons by chemical actinometry and, consequently, the calculation of quantum yields of photocatalytic reactions carried out in this reactor.1-3

This method for the experimental determination of the quantum yield of photocatalytic reactions is presented and the significance of the obtained data for the design of photocatalytic reactors is discussed.

References:

1) Emeline, A.V.; Zhang, X.; Jin, M.; Murakami, T.; Fujishima, A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 7409–7413; doi: 10.1021/jp057115f.

2) Megatif, L.; Dillert, R.; Bahnemann, D. W. Catal. Today (in press); doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019. 06.008.

3) Megatif, L.; Dillert, R.; Bahnemann, D. W. Catalysts 2019, 9, 635; doi: 10.3390/catal9080635.

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4) Crystaline Si Photovoltaic Solar Cells: Future Perspectives and R&D Activities at METU-GÜNAM

Prof. Dr. Raşit Turan

Center for Solar Energy Research and Applications (GÜNAM) Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey

Crystalline Si photovoltaic (PV) solar cell, which is considered to be 1st generation, has reached an extremely well maturity level with well-optimized material and process conditions. Although discovered in 50’s, it is overwhelmingly dominating the commercial PV market today with a share exceeding 90%. In spite of many challenging approaches developed from new materials and device architectures (sometimes called 2nd or generation and 3rd generation giving a wrong impression), crystalline Si PV systems has remained to be unbeatable since its invention. On the contrary, its market share has increased from 85 % in 2008 to 95 % in 2018. It is generally expected that Si PV will continue to dominate the PV industry in the coming years. Like in microelectronic where Si crystal is the main and untouchable material, Si crystal will play a central role in the energy conversion technologies in the years ahead.

The conversion efficiency limit reachable with single junction Si solar cell, called Shockley–Queisser limit, is calculated to be around %30. Today, the world record realized at the R&D level is already 26.3%, whereas at the industrial production lines, maximum cell efficiencies have reached 22-23 % range. Although the gap between theoretical limit and the technological achievement has narrowed down to a few percent, for an ultimate victory of solar energy over the other energy resources, efforts are still underway with new approaches to reduce cost/performance ratio even further. The performance of a solar cell, which is usually expressed in terms of the conversion efficiency, can be improved by reducing the electrical and optical losses through new material and process approaches. Among these approaches, new c-Si PV cells called PERC, PERL, PERT, IBC, HIT been have been promising technologies for future cell manufacturing. PERC cells have already been adapted to the existing lines and gradually becoming a new standard.

In this presentation, I will summarize the current status of the PV technology and its status worldwide and give a future perspective for the technology development with the emphasis on the roadmap of METU-GÜNAM

24


Organoboron Compounds, Polymers, Applications, and Their MarketSedat SÜRDEMa

aNational Boron Research Institute, 06520 Ankara, Turkey

[email protected]

From the first days of discovery of organoboron chemistry to the present day, this field of study has always been an interesting research area. The basis of organoboron chemistry was laid by Herbert C. Brown and Georg Wittig via the hydroboration reaction, which brought them the Nobel Prize in 1979. Organoboron compounds are one of the most diverse classes of reagents used in organic synthesis. Since they have been used in organic synthesis for a long time, the continuous development of chemicals containing organoboron reagents has increased exponentially. The 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was presented to Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki for their contribution to the development of Pd catalyzed binding reactions. Boron-containing polymers represent the organoboron polymer class. It has long been known for its unique properties such as flame retardant, high thermal stability, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Recently, applications such as electrolytes and photo and electroactive polymers for lithium-ion batteries have been investigated. Boron-containing conjugated systems are an emerging class of materials for important energy conversion applications. Due to its electron-deficient nature, adding boron atoms to an organic material provides electron-receiving centers that provide unique optoelectronic functions and greatly enhance performance in energy conversion devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Organoboron compounds have been used; in the polymer and plastic industry to increase the number of cetane in fuels and to prevent impacts from burning in the engine; in the form of azeotropes for the welding and soldering industry; as a fire, flame retardant; as inhibitors, stabilizers and accelerators; as a poison against insects and microorganisms; in medicine, especially in the treatment of cancer and in the production of many drugs. Boron hydrides have a market value of approximately 278-483 Million USD; boron halides, boric acid esters, and organoboron compounds have a market value of about 37-79 Million USD. Boron has been used in the health industry for the sterilization of eye infections, in the treatment of prostate cancer prevention, in the manufacture of ointments, in the development of muscles and brain functions, especially in the treatment of brain cancer. Boron has been actively used in osteoporosis treatments, allergic diseases, psychiatry, bone development and arthritis, and as well as a menopause treatment. Despite there is no definite treatment, boron element is also new hope in cancer treatment with Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), which destroys the cancerous cells without damaging healthy cells.

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Polymeric Membranes - Materials and Processes in gas- and liquid-phase separations

Volkan Filiza

aHelmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Polymer Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1,

21502 Geesthacht, Germany

[email protected]

Membrane based separation techniques are used in various fields like chemical- and pharmaceutical industries. For example, water and wastewater treatment, gas separation, separation of chemicals and petrochemicals, haemodialysis or in clinical sensors, in juice production, wine filtration, separation of biomolecules or drug delivery.

Membrane technology plays an increasingly important role in separation processes. Key factors in membrane technology are recycling and reuse of raw materials and very low energy consumption. However, the number of applications where membranes are in practical use is still rather limited, as different separations face different conditions and thus require different membranes and membrane-based process designs. Therefore, a large long-term challenge is the development of new membrane materials with tailored properties and their processing into membranes in combination with the design of intensified and efficient separation processes. The aim is the combination of high selectivity and high permeability, the chemical, thermal and structural stability of membranes under sometimes rather harsh conditions are the most relevant issues in membrane development.

The environmentally benign, cost-effective, and energetically advantageous membrane technology has made the applicability of membranes, especially in the field of gas phase separation, quite demanding. Membrane-based gas separation is commercially suited for a wide range of interesting applications, such as hydrogen recovery, carbon dioxide removal from natural gas, and recovery of volatile organic compounds. The ever-growing world population and the associated demand for clean water embody a key challenge for our society. Moreover, the upcoming environmental problems such as water demand for more energy-efficient and sustainable technologies. Toward these problems, separation processes using ultrafiltration (UF) membranes have drawn immense attraction, as they are an excellent alternative to energy-consuming techniques like distillation.

The main research focus at the Institute of Polymer Research of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht is the development of membranes for liquid and gas phase separation. Due to the interdisciplinary integration of material sciences and engineering, our research covers the full spectrum from basic research to industrial applications. The latest equipment and methods for synthesis, characterization and processing of polymers, membrane preparation, module development and design, as well as modelling of separation processes, substantiate our competence in the field of polymer science and membranes. Specifically, the synthesis and characterization of tailor-made polymers for membrane applications are in the foreground.

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MATERIALS NANOENGINEERING FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

Yusuf Z. Menceloğlu

Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano Engineering and Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, SUNUM, Sabancı University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956,

Sabancı University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center and Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark Istanbul, Pendik, Istanbul 34906

Due to the very large energy requirements of small-scale electronic gadgets to high power electric vehicles, energy conversion and storage technologies are under intensive investigation. The efficient energy conversion and storage performance of those technologies depends on material properties of their electrode, electrolyte, and other device components. The nanostructured materials have attracted great interest due to their unique physicochemical and electrochemical properties. Therefore, the utilization of nano engineered materials creates an enormous impact on the efficiency of various energy conversion and storage devices. The aim of this talk is to give a glimpse of research activities in our group on novel materials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications. I will particularly focused on synthesis and characterization of nanostructured and nanoscale materials for various types of batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells.

Facile Synthesis of Single- and Multi-Layer Graphene/Mn3O4 Integrated 3D Urchin-Shaped Hybrid Composite Electrodes by Core-Shell Electrospinning, CHEMNANOMAT Volume: 5 Issue: 6 Pages: 792-801

Rapid Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles Immobilized in Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers for Electrochemical Catalysis, ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS Volume: 1 Issue: 11 Pages: 6236-6246

Design of Pt-Supported 1D and 3D Multilayer Graphene-Based Structural Composite Electrodes with Controlled Morphology by Core-Shell Electrospinning/Electrospraying, ACS OMEGA Volume: 3 Issue: 6 Pages: 6400-6410

Fabrication and optimization of proton conductive polybenzimidazole electrospun nanofiber membranes, POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES Volume: 29 Issue: 1 Pages: 594-602

WO2005021845-A1; AU2003269796-A1; EP1658396-A1; Preparation of metal-coated polymer nano-fiber for nanotubes, involves contacting electrospun fiber with reducing agent, reacting resulting film with metal salt solution, and treating resulting electrospun mat with water Derwent Primary Accession Number: 2005-284427

EP1867762-A1; EP1867762-B1; DE602006002731-E; .Synthesis of catalytic material particle-containing carbon nanofibers, e.g. for filtration devices, comprises electrospinning certain polymer solution and performing heat treatment of polymer fibers in two heating stages Derwent Primary Accession Number: 2008-F09696

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http://icproxy.sabanciuniv.edu:2126/full_record.do?product=DIIDW&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=C5etB9b1ycR9Uy6zPVG&page=1&doc=12&UT=DIIDW:2008F09696



http://icproxy.sabanciuniv.edu:2126/full_record.do?product=DIIDW&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=C5etB9b1ycR9Uy6zPVG&page=1&doc=17



http://icproxy.sabanciuniv.edu:2097/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=5&SID=E1Tf5SOaN6xZZzvJE1V&page=1&doc=21








ORAL PRESENTATIONS

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Synthesis And Characterization of Boron Containing Acrylated Monomers

Sedat SÜRDEMa

aNational Boron Research Institute, 06520 Ankara, Turkey

[email protected]

Boron-containing polymers can be used in various fields as polymeric precursors for high-performance ceramic materials, flame retardants, components of lithium-ion batteries, supramolecular nanomaterials, polymer-supported reagents and catalysts for organic transformations, in drug delivery, as optoelectronic materials, sensors for anions and toxic small molecules, etc. because of the unique characteristics of boron and its compounds. In this study, synthesis of boron containing acrylated monomers was examined by using different solvents. Methanol, ethanol, pyridine and dichloromethane were used in the synthesis of monomers. Boric acid and methacryloyl chloride were used as a boron source and acrylation compound, respectively. These monomers were characterized by NMR and FT-IR techniques. According to NMR and FT-IR results, monomer synthesized by using methanol as a solvent can be an appropriate candidate for MIPs. The peaks around 1.5 ppm and 3.5 ppm in NMR indicated CH 3 and CH2

protons. In addition, FT-IR results indicated that the peaks around 2800 cm -1 and 1700 cm-1 were corresponding to aliphatic C-H stretching and carbonyl groups, respectively. Moreover, absence of O-H peaks at around 3500 cm-1 demonstrated the vinylation reaction successfully. As a result, synthesized monomer can be used as a crosslinking agent in MIP applications. Polymers synthesized from these monomers can be used as crosslinker in molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) which are highly selective materials.1-3 Crosslinker has important functions in imprinted polymer synthesis such as controlling the morphology of the polymer matrix, stabilizing the imprinted binding sites and imparting the mechanical stability to the polymer matrix to retain its molecular recognition capability.

Keywords - Boron containing polymers, crosslinking, molecular imprinting

REFERENCES

1) Ozturk, T., Yilmaz, S. S., Hazer, B., & Menceloglu, Y. Z. (2010). ATRP of methyl methacrylate initiated with a bifunctional initiator bearing bromomethyl functional groups: Synthesis of the block and graft copolymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 48(6), 1364–1373. doi: 10.1002/pola.23898

2) Ozturk, T., Yilmaz, S. S., & Hazer, B. (2008). Synthesis of a New Macroperoxy Initiator with Methyl Methacrylate and T-Butyl Peroxy Ester by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Copolymerization with Conventional Vinyl Monomers. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, 45(10), 811–820. doi: 10.1080/10601320802300495

3) Hazer, B., & Savaşkan, S. (1998). Cross-linked multicomponent copolymers with macromonomer peroxyinitiators (MMPI). European Polymer Journal, 34(5-6), 863–870. doi: 10.1016/s0014-3057(97)00193-6

29



A Photovoltaic Powered Electrolysis Converter System with Maximum Power Point Tracking Control

Mustafa Ergin ŞAHİN

Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Rize, [email protected]

The main problem of renewable and other innovative energy sources is the storage of energy for sustainability. This study focuses on two different scenarios which are photovoltaic houses and cars converting and storing their energy as hydrogen to benefit from solar energy more efficiently. Photovoltaic energy is converted to the desired voltage level using the DC-DC buck converter for generating hydrogen with electrolysis process. To benefit from the photovoltaic sources more efficiently a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is necessary to work the PV panel at the maximum power point. On the other side, the basic electrolysis load for hydrogen production needs low voltage and high current. The proposed converters control working principle is explained in this study. The proposed converter must be designed and controlled sensitively to supply these conditions, and the proportional integral (PI) controller which is used to control the proposed converter is used in this study. The photovoltaic powered DC-DC buck converter for electrolysis load was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software using a perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm and PI controller.

Keywords - Hydrogen energy, Electrolysis, Photovoltaic sources, Buck converter, Proportional integral

control, Maximum power point tracking, Perturb and observe algorithm.

30



Determination of the Gamma Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficient of HB(PAE-b-PCL-DI)-PU-OPC Composites Sorbed Se and Pb Atoms

Yasin MISIRLIOGLU a, Taylan BASKANb, Zehra Merve CINANb, Sevki SENTURKb , Tuncay BAYRAMb,

Sevil SAVASKAN YILMAZa, Ahmet Hakan YILMAZb

aDepartment of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeybDepartment of Physics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey

[email protected]

One of the hot topics in nuclear science and technology field is developing better radiation protective materials which can be used in building, textile and cover technologies. For this purpose polymer structure can be thought as to be the best candidate because it has good elasticity and durability. However, it is not good about absorbing of the gamma-ray which has higher penetration capability because polymer structure consists of many atoms with small mass number. Therefore, we have investigated gamma-ray mass attenuation coefficient of polymers doped with various metals which have higher mass number. In this study, Hyperbranched Poly (Azo ester- Caprolactone Diizocyonat- Polyurethane Commercial Portland Cement Composites(OPC) ( HB(PAE-b-PCL-DI)-PU-OPC) has been doped with Se and Pb atoms. The HB(PAE-b-PCL-DI)-PU has been prepared by the reaction HB(PAE-b- PCL) and diisocyanate (DI) by codensation polymerization under vacuum in the Schlenk system. The HB(PAE-b-PCL-DI)-PU-OPC composites has been prepared by the HB(PAE-b-PCL-DI)-PU and OPC. Characterization of the polymers has been achieved by FTIR and 1H NMR, SEM, TGA techniques. After this process we have investigated experimental gamma-ray mass attenuation coefficients of HB(PAE-b-PCL-DI)-PU-OPC composites with Se and Pb composites as a function of gamma-ray energy starting from ~120 keV to ~1410 MeV. The results show that adding of Se and Pb elements in the structure of copolymers increase the mass attenuation coefficients of copolymer between the gamma energy ranges of ~120-800 keV.

Keywords - Polyurethane(PU), Commercial Portland Cement(OPC) gamma radiation, mass attenuation coefficient, radiation protection.

References

1. New 16-Arm, Star, Yarn-HBPAE-b-PCL Copolymers, 16-Arm, Star, Yarn-HBPAE-b-PCL- Commercial Portland Cement and 16-Arm, Star, Yarn-HBPAE-b-PCL-DI , Preparation, Application and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane-Commercial Portland Cement (PU-OPC) Polymeric Cement Composite Samples, Ertuğrul Tütüncü,, M.Sc., KTU, Institute of Science and Technology, 2017.2. Y. Mısırlıoğlu, S. Savaskan Yılmaz, T. Bayram, A. H. Yılmaz, Ş. Şentürk, A. Küçük, Z. M. Cinan,The Gamma Ray Attenuatıons of Hyperbranched PCL Copolymer-Plaster of Parıs Composıtes Sorbed As and Pb Atoms, NSP XI. International Conference on Nuclear Structure Properties (NSP 2018), 111, 12 -14 Eylül, 2018.3. T. Bayram, A. H. Yilmaz, S. Savaskan Yılmaz, Y. Misirlioğlu, A. Kucuk, E Tutuncu, ON THE GAMMA ATTENUATION OF VARIOUS POLYMER COMPOUNDS, 134, RAD 2018, Central European Inıtıatıve, Macedonia,134.4. https://www.nist.gov/pml/x-ray-mass-attenuation-coefficients

31



A Hybrid PV- Battery/Supercapacitor System and a Basic Active Power Control Proposal in MATLAB/Simulink

Mustafa Ergin Şahina*, Frede Blaabjergb

aDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, RTE University, 53100 Rize – TurkeybDepartment of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Pontoppidantstraede 9220 Aalborg East– Denmark

*[email protected]

An increase in the integration of renewable energy generation worldwide brings along some challenges

on energy systems. The energy systems need to be regulated following grid codes for the grid stability and efficiency of renewable energy utilization. The main problems are on the active side can be caused by excessive power generation or unregulated energy generation such as a partially cloudy day. The main problems on the load side can be caused by excessive or unregulated energy demand or nonlinear loads which deteriorate the power quality of the energy networks. This study focuses on the energy generation side as active power control.

In this study, the benefits of supercapacitor use in a hybrid system are investigated and analyzed. A hybrid system which photovoltaic powered and stored the energy in battery and supercapacitor are proposed in this study to solving the main problems in two side. The supercapacitor model, photovoltaic model, and the proposed hybrid system are designed in MATLAB/Simulink. Also, a new topology is proposed to increase the energy storage with supercapacitors for a passive storage system. The instantaneous peak currents energy is aimed to store in supercapacitors temporarily with this topology. The simulation results are investigated for this topology.

Keywords - Active Power Control, Supercapacitors, Hybrid PV-Battery/Supercapacitors Storage System,

MATLAB/Simulink Software, Supercapacitor Module Design.

32

mailto:*[email protected]


Investigation of Catalytic Activities of Cobalt (II) and Copper (II) Phthalocyanine Compounds on Photocatalytic Degradation Reactions of Different Phenol

Compounds

Ayşe AKTAŞ KAMİLOĞLU

Artvin Vocational School, Artvin Çoruh University, 08100, Artvin, Turkey [email protected]

Phthalocyanines have a number of superior characteristic properties such as redox activity, high chemical stability, strong coordination properties, strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) range and ability to produce singlet oxygen1. Due to the planar heteroaromatic-conjugated system with strong * bands, they are blue green. Owing to the high electron conjugation of phthalocyanines, they are widely used in different applications from industry (catalyst, photoconductor) to medicine (photodynamic therapy)2. Recently, phthalocyanine compounds are used as photocatalytic reactions for conversion of alkanes and alkenes, the degradation of organic pollutants and aromatic structures in wastewater that cause environmental pollution3.Phenol compound is one of the organic pollutants in the wastewater. In this work, it is aimed to synthesize the effective catalysts which will provide complete degradation of phenol or converting to less harmful compounds in visible light. For this purpose, peripheral tetra substitued cobalt and copper phthalocyanine complexes containing different substituted groups (pyrrole and thiophene) were synthesized and characterized. While the photocatalytic activities of synthesized cobalt and copper phthalocyanine compounds bearing pyrrole moiety were investigated on photocatalytic degradation reactions of 2,3-dichlorophenol, the cobalt and copper phthalocyanine compounds bearing thiophene group were investigated on 4-nitrophenol.

References

1) Yılmaz, Y.; Youssef, A.; Sönmez, M., AKU J. Sci. Eng. 2017, 17, 469-478.2) Musluoğlu, E.; Gürek, A.; Ahsen, V.; Gül, A.; Bekaroğlu, Ö., Chem. Ber., 1992, 125, 2337-2339.3) Madhura, M. J.; Gayathri, V., Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2019, 376,

269–278.

33



Multicrystalline Silicon Ingot Production with Directional Solidification for Photovoltaic Cells

Ayşe Berkdemira*, Harun Erolb, Osman Kahvecic, Serkan Şahand, Uğur Şahinc,

Mehmet Gündüzc

aVocational College, Kayseri University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey

bFaculty of Science, Karatekin University, 18100, Çankırı, TurkeycFaculty of Science, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey

dFaculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey

*[email protected]

Directional solidification (DS) has become the major process for growing multi-crystalline silicon

(mc-Si) for solar cells in the photovoltaic industry. The grain size and dislocation distributions in mc-Si are

strongly influenced by the design of the solidification furnace and the operating conditions during

solidification and thus the solar cell efficiency. In this work, mc-Si ingots are grown with DS technique which

is newly constructed double driving system with atmospheric controlled 1700 oC . The resulting

microstructures, grain size and dislocations are investigated with SEM and EDS. The effect of Boron Nitrate

(BN) insulation layer on graphite crucible walls is probed with EDS for chemical analysis. XRF of mc-Si

ingots are showed that metallurgical grade Si is refined by using DS technique.

34



Development of Photocatalytic TiO2 Washcoats Over Porous α-Al2O3 Substrates

Chukwuka Bethel Anucha *1a , Pavlos K. Pandisb,c, Vassilis N. Stathopoulosc,d, Ilias Georgiopoulosd, Zoi Tatoudid, Christos Argirusisb, IIknur Altin1a, Emin Bacaksiz1b

1aDepartment of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, KTU, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.

1bDepartment of Physics, Karadeniz Teknik University, KTU, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.

b Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

cLaboratory of Chemistry and Materials Technology, School of Sciences, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400, Psachna Campus, Evia, Greece

d MIRTEC S.A, Thiva Branch, 72nd km of Athens-Lamia National Road, 34100, Chalkida, Greece

[email protected]

In this work, photocatalytic titania coatings have been developed as washcoats over optimised flat porous α-Al2O3 (alumina) disk shaped supports. Alumina supports were of 2mm thickness and 40mm diameter and 43% open porosity. Such supports were developed to function either as substrates for immobilization of a titania photocatalytic active layer and/or as photocatalytic membrane reactor elements for applications in photocatalytic removal of contaminants of emerging concerns. The α-Al 2O3 substrates used were developed after shaping and subsequent sintering at 1450 °C towards the optimum combination of mechanical strength and high porosity i.e. 43%. The alumina powder used was VAW Aluminum AG SCHWANDORF with a particle size of D90 = 14.1µm. Titania washcoats were applied by dip coating using stabilized slurries of 1-10% wt of A-HR Huntsman’s tioxide anatase pigment. A polymethacrylate dispersant was used to improve the stability of the slurries. Best washcoats were developed using slurries of low %wt of solids. The A-HR titania powder was decorated with specific percentages of 2% wt and 1% wt each of MoOX and WOx oxides in single and co-doped cases respectively utilizing sonochemical treatment and further sensitized with copper pthalocyanine. Porosity and density measurements of the ceramics was obtained employing Archimede’s method while structural characterizations of the materials (ceramic supports, powders/suspensions, coated ceramic supports, have been obtained X-Ray Diffraction, particle size analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as well as Zeta-potential measurements. Going further, the A-HR coated washcoats on substrate will be evaluated of their photocatalytic activity towards some contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) removal and in comparison with their doped analogous of MoOx and WOx A-HR titania powder.

References

1) Arañaa J; Doña-Rodr´ıgueza J.M., Tello Rendóna E; Garriga i Caboa C; González-D´ıaza O; Herrera-Meliána J.A; Pérez-Peñaa J; Colónb G; Nav´ıob J.A. TiO2 activation by using activated carbon as a support Part I. Surface characterisation and decantability study. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2003, 44: 161-172

35



Microporous Vanadosilicate AM-6 Thin Films for Photocatalytic Applications

Duygu Kuzyakaa,b, Burcu Akataa,c

aMicro and Nanotechnology Program, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, TurkeybPhysics Department, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey

cCentral Laboratory, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

[email protected]

Pore regularity, control of defects, and the presence of stoichiometric amounts of vanadium in the silicate framework allow one to create alternative materials in advanced applications such as photocatalysis1. Vanadium, present in a specific form within the structure of SiO2 matrix could open up the gateway to investigate and tailor the defects created for specific catalytic applications. For that reason, vanadosilicate AM-6 containing 1-dimensional, semiconducting, and quantum-confined …V-O-V-O-V… chains can be a very interesting material with tailorable defect sites in photocatalysis1,2. Accordingly, vanadosilicate AM-6 thin films with controlled defect sites were produced by tailoring the ratio of V5+/V4+ ratio within the thin film structure. It was shown that the quality of seed crystals (defect concentration, morphology, and thickness) affects the quality of thin films grown by secondary growth approach, leading to alterations in the V5+/V4+ ratio. Furthermore, the effect of changing the molar composition and vanadium source used for the secondary growth solution was also investigated systematically. It was found that vanadosilicate AM-6 films with higher amount of V5+ ions arising from seed layer or different synthesis conditions possess better photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation for the degradation of MB, which can be attributed to the presence of V5+ cation within the framework of AM-61. The detailed information for the control of the V5+/V4+ ratio for the thin films was performed by characterization techniques such as X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman Spectroscopy. Photocatalysts production in thin form provides integration of the material to device-oriented applications and also accelerates the degradation kinetics due to the increase of the contact surface area between the pollutant and the photocatalyst increasing the photocatalytic activity.

References: 1) Nash, M. J.; Rykov, S.; Lobo, R. F.; Doren, D. J.; Wachs, I. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111, 7029-7037. 2) Mani, F.; Wu, L.; Kuznicki, S. M. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 2013, 177, 91–96.

36



Hydrogen Production from Renewable Energy Sources

Kamil KAYGUSUZa, Turgay Kara, Sedat KELEŞa

a Karadeniz Technical University Department of Chemistry

[email protected]

Excessive fossil fuel consumption in the transport sector and energy intensive systems are

associated with the gradual release of greenhouse gases. Renewable energy sources are the inexhaustible

sources which are formed by repetitive processes within the ordinary cycle of the world. Renewable and

clean energy sources are becoming increasingly important in terms of being environmentally friendly and

offering unlimited supply. Hydrogen as a promising energy carrier is a great candidate to supply the energy

demand of the world and reduce toxic emissions. In this study, hydrogen production from renewable

energy sources is discussed. Hydrogen production sources are abundant and varied. Hydrogen, which can

be obtained from fossil fuels, can also be produced by the use of renewable energy sources such as solar,

wind, biomass and hydraulic energy. Although hydrogen is the most environmentally clean among the

fuels, the cheapest and most commonly used methods in the production of hydrogen are fossil fuels. These

methods are incompatible with principles of reducing dependence on fossil fuels and producing clean

energy. However, with the developing technology, methods of obtaining hydrogen with renewable energy

sources are diversified and the share of production increases with these methods.

37


Doped Zinc Oxides for the simultaneous removal of Microorganisms and Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Water

Ilaria Berruti a , Nuno P.F. Gonçalvesb, Maria Inmaculada Polo Lópeza, Isabel Ollera, Paola Calzab, Maria Cristina Paganinib, Marcello Manfredic.

aPSA-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés Km 4, Tabernas (Almería), Spain, b Department of Chemistry, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy cISALIT S.r.l., Via G. Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy

[email protected]

Conventional urban wastewater treatment plants (UWWTPs) are not specifically designed for the removal of organic micropollutants, and in many cases neither for effective disinfection. 1 Among the different AOPs, photocatalysis have demonstra ted to be powerful for water decontamination and disinfection. The aim of this work is the comparison of the performances of different Zinc Oxides (pristine and doped ZnO with Ce, Yb and, Fe) catalysts for the simultaneous removal of contaminants and microorganisms. The synthesis, characterization and preliminary photocatalytic studies of the materials toward the abatement of a model pollutant in MilliQ water and UWW matrices were reported elsewhere 2,3. The water types used in this work were: Demineralized Water (DW) with NaCl 0.9% (w/v) and Simulated Urban WasteWater (UWW)4. Bacterial strains of E. coli O157:H7, E. faecalis and P.aeruginosa were obtained from Spanish culture collection type. Enumeration and quantification procedures were done according to previous works5. Initial concentration of bacteria was 106 CFU/mL. Trimethoprim (TMP), Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Diclofenac (DCF) were chosen as chemical target (at an initial concentration of 100 µg/L each) and HPLC-UV was used to quantify their concentration in water samples. All catalysts were used in suspension under different concentrations of 100, 200 and 500 mg/L in order to evaluate the optimal load of photocatalyst. For each catalyst concentration, three replicated experiments were done and the data were presented as average of triplicates with the standard deviation as error bar. The photocatalytic experiments were conducted at laboratory scale using natural solar radiation. The optimal load of catalyst found was 100 mg/L and 5-LRV (Log Reduction Values) and 90% of ΣCECs removal were reached in 25 min of solar treatment in DW. To study the matrix effect on the photocatalysis efficiency of each material, tests were carried out in simulated UWW and the results showed that the 5LRV were reached in 90 minutes, while a ΣCECs degradation of 50% was observed after 180 minutes. It can be concluded that ZnO doped with Ce was the best performing material with the higher kinetic constants, for the simultaneous removal of CECs and human pathogens from isotonic water and simulated Urban Wastewater (UWW).

The authors would like to acknowledge H2020/Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions under the AQUAlity project (Reference: 765860).References:

1. Iakovides, I.C.; Michael-Kordatou, I.; Moreira, N.F.F.; Ribeiro, A.R.; Fernandes, T.; Pereira, M.F.R.; Nunes, O.C.; Manaia, C.M.; Silva, A.M.T.; Fatta-Kassinos, D. Water Res. 2019, 159, 333–347.

2. Cerrato, E.; Gionco, C.; Berruti, I.; Sordello, F.; Calza, P.; Paganini, M.C.. J. Solid State Chem. 2018, 264, 42–47.

3. Sordello, F.; Berruti, I.; Gionco, C.; Paganini, M.C.; Calza, P.; Minero, C. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2019, 245, 159–166.

4. M. I. Polo-Lopez, I. Garcıa-Fernandez, I.O. and P.F.-I. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2011, 10, 332–337.5. Nahim-Granados, S.; Sánchez Pérez, J.A.; Polo-Lopez, M.I. Catal. Today 2018, 313, 79–85.

38



EEM-PARAFAC as a Novel Technique to Study Fluoroquinolones Degradation by Photolysis and (Photo)-Fenton

I. Sciscenkoa, S. Garcia-Ballesterosa, I. Ollerb, C. Escuderoc, A. Arquesa

a Departamento de Ingeniería Textil y Papelera, Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, Alcoy, 03801, Spain.

c Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra Senés km 4, Tabernas, Almería, 04200, Spain.

d Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo, 0349, Norway.

[email protected]

The fluoroquinolones (FQs) are a wide group of antibiotics considered contaminants of emerging concern extensively used in animal and human medicine. In this work, we report on the degradation of the FQ enrofloxacin (ENR) by direct photolysis (P), Fenton (F) and photo-Fenton (PF) processes under different operating conditions (water matrices and initial pH). In all cases, the experiments were performed in open glass reactors with magnetic stirring containing 250 mL of solution. The initial concentration of ENR was 25 mg/L, also containing 5 mg/L of Fe(II) (added as FeSO4·7H2O). The studied aqueous media were MilliQ water (MQ), tap water (TW) and simulated seawater (SW), the initial pH was adjusted to 2.8 or 5 with H 2SO4 0.5 M. For F and PF experiments, an initial stoichiometric concentration of H2O2 of 125 mg/L was employed. Experiments were run for two hours taking samples at selected reaction times. Irradiations were performed with a solar simulator equipped with a high pressure Xe short arc lamp. The most efficient ENR removals were obtained in MQ and TW, thus reflecting that high concentrations of chloride present in SW could play an inhibitory role by means of antibiotic degradation. HPLC analyses showed fast total removal of ENR by F and PF treatments in MQ and TW, whereas in P a 40% removal was observed after 120 min. However, total organic carbon measurements showed that only PF was able to produce significant mineralization (up to 80% in 120 min). The negligible mineralization observed in F and P indicates that ENR removal results in the release of important amounts of reaction by-products. For the first time, fluorescent excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were employed to gain further insight into the nature of these by-products. A 5-component model was obtained, where 2 of them, can be associated with the parent pollutant and different FQ-type generated by-products and the other 3 to further oxidized by-products. All five components and their time evolution were observed in F and PF processes, whereas the EEM recorded at different times of P were always coincident with the factors attributed to a FQ. Finally, antibacterial activity assays employing Escherichia coli showed that after 5 min of F or PF treatment the inhibition halo was completely removed (MQ, pH = 2.8), whereas in P the inhibition halo was constant even after 120 min of irradiation. This might indicate that the destruction of the FQ structure is needed to eliminate the antibiotic (toxic) properties.

39



Performance of Magnetic Ag2CrO4/ZnO/MnFe2O4 Ternary Nanocomposite for Dye Degradation under Visible-light Driven

* Keziban Atacan

*Sakarya University, Biomedical, Magnetic and Semiconductor Materials Application and Research Center (BIMAS-RC), 54187 Sakarya, Turkey

[email protected]

In recent years, visible-light-driven photocatalysts using semiconductors have attracted a great deal

of attention as a promising green technology with the potential to address serious challenges in the field of

environmental pollution, energy shortage and global warming 1-3. ZnO is one of the most used

semiconductor photocatalysts with superior properties such as surface properties, chemical stability, low

cost and non-toxicity4. Ag2CrO4 which has a narrow band gap of ∼1.80 eV is a new photocatalyst. It is

considered a good candidate for the decomposition of organic contaminant under visible light because of

its crystal structure and electronic properties3. Preparation and application of magnetic photocatalysts with

advantages of low operational costs, short separation time and simple technical requirements are effective

strategy5. Therefore, manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles were used for this study to the

advantage of magnetic separation.

Herein, magnetically separable Ag2CrO4/ZnO/MnFe2O4 ternary nanocomposite was prepared. The X-

ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) were

applied to characterize structure properties of the resultant samples. The as-obtained products were used

as photocatalysts for photodegradation of dye under visible-light irradiation.

References:

1) Kiantazh, F.; Habibi-Yangjeh, A. Mat. Sci. Semicon. Proc. 2015, 39, 671. 2) Pirhashemi, M.; Habibi-Yangjeh, A. Ceram. Int. 2015, 41, 14383.3) Güy, N.; Özacar, M. J. Photochem.& Photobiol. A Chem. 2019, 370, 1.4) Güy, N.; Atacan, K.; Karaca, E.; Özacar, M. Sol. Energy 2018, 166, 3085) Jing, L.; Xu, Y.; Qin, C.; Liu, J.; Huang, S.; He, M.; Xu, H.; Li, H. Mater. Res. Bull. 2017, 95, 607.

40



Use of Nb-TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method as Working Electrode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Melik Ziya YAKUTa, Meryem Serfiraz BİLİCİb

a Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Mechatronics Engineering, Isparta

[email protected]

b Kocaeli University, The Graduate School of Natural And Applied Sciences, Mechanical Engineering, Kocaeli

Dye-sensitized solar cells are the third generation solar cells with a working principle similar to the photosynthesis event realized by the absorption of light energy in plants. They are formed by combining dye adsorbed doped or undoped semiconductor, transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glass in which the semiconductor is deposited, liquid electrolyte providing electron flow, and metal (Au, Pt, etc.) coated TCO glass substrates as counter electrodes. The impact of each component on efficiency is of distinct importance. In this study, working electrode was discussed to increase efficiency. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2) semiconductor was selected to form the working electrode and Niobium (Nb) was used for metal doping. The working electrode was obtained by spraying the previously prepared pure and Nb-doped TiO 2 solution onto FTO glass by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Technique. The substrate temperature was adjusted to 275 ° C, nozzle frequency 120 kHz, pressure 2.5 psi and a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. The un-doped and Nb-doped TiO2 thin films formed as a result of deposition were annealed at 500 ° C for 40 minutes. As a result of the XRD analysis, it was concluded that annealing changed the crystal structure and increased peak intensity. The results of the SEM analysis showed that the annealing process improved the cracks and agglomeration in the structure. It was observed that the structure of Nb-doped TiO2 thin films was more homogeneous and the roughness increased after 500 ° C annealing. In the EDS analysis, 0.74% Nb element and 18.58% Ti element were found in annealed Nb-doped TiO2 thin films. By assembling the components as a sandwich, 2 different cells were formed. The efficiency of the cell which has undoped TiO2 thin film was 0.088%, and the efficiency of the cell which has Nb-doped TiO2 thin film was 0.375%.

Keywords - Dye sensitized solar cell, Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, Titanium dioxide, Metal doping, Niobium.

41



Production and Investigation of CdS / CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method

Melik Ziya YAKUT a , Hüsam Emre KUZDEREb

aIsparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Mechatronics Engineering, Isparta

bIsparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Energy Systems Engineering, Isparta

[email protected]

In this study, CdS and CdTe thin films were deposited on transparent conductive oxide (TCO) coated glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. For CdS thin film, cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was used as Cd source and thiourea ((NH2)2CS) was used as S source. The prepared CdS solution was deposited on ITO coated glass substrates at a temperature of 380 °C. For CdTe thin film, cadmium chloride was used as Cd source and tellurium dioxide (TeO2) was used as Te source. The prepared CdTe solution was deposited on two CdS / ITO coated glass substrates at a temperature of 350 ° C. SEM cross-sectional images of two different CdS thin film coatings with a production time of 10 and 20 minutes were deposited at 180 and 400 nm thickness on ITO coated glass substrates. Observation of peaks of different planes on X-ray diffraction graph of CdS thin films showed that CdS films obtained were hexagonal structure. The main peak value of both CdS thin films is seen at 2θ = 28.20°, which is the characteristic peak of the CdS compound (101). The absorbance values of the obtained CdS thin films were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 350 - 1100 nm and the band gaps were calculated as 2.45 eV for 180 nm film and 2.42 eV for 400 nm film.

Keywords - Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, Photovoltaic, CdS, CdTe, Thin film, Solar cell.

42



Graphene Oxide for Oil and Gas Technologies

Xianzheng Maa*, Anil Kumar Suria, Giuliana Magnaccab, Vittorio Boffaa

aCenter for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark.

bDipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.

*[email protected]

Graphene oxide (GO) is a 2D material, which consists of an oxidized form of graphene. GO can be easily prepared by chemical oxidation and exfoliation of natural graphite. During oxidation regular and planar graphene sp2 C structure is disrupted by insertion of oxygen functional groups, as hydroxyl, epoxy and carboxy acids. These oxygenated functions make GO highly hydrophilic and thus it can be easily dispersed in water and processed. Indeed, GO can be considered as a precursor for graphene, since it can be reduced to graphene-like structure (rGO) by either chemical or thermal reduction processes. Moreover, the partial reduction of the oxygen functions allows to tune GO electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties. Hence, GO-based materials are becoming highly popular in several fields of application.

In this presentation, the possible impact of graphene oxide in off-shore oil and gas technologies is discussed. Emphasis is given to the interaction of GO with water and hydrogen sulpfide molecules. The possible application of GO in adsorption and membrane processes is investigated. The authors acknowledge the Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre for supporting this research.

43



Use of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) in Antioxidant Research of Fatty Foods

Murat Küçüka, Hacer Doğana,b, Uğur Kardila,c, Melek Kayaa,Ayça Aktaş Karaçelikd, Semra Alkan Türkuçare

a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TÜRKİYEbHitit University Scientific Technical Application and Research Center (HÜBTUAM), Çorum, TÜRKİYEc Dept. Genetics & Bioeng., Faculty of Eng. & Natural Sci., Gümüşhane Univ., Gümüşhane, TÜRKİYE

d Department of Food Processing, Espiye Vocational School, Giresun University, Giresun, TÜRKİYEe Dept. Nutr. & Diet., Faculty of Health Sci., Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Univ., Alanya, Antalya, TÜRKİYE

[email protected]

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are the methods that utilize heat and measure of either mass or temperature change. Both methods are applied in different modes and provide valuable information about physicochemical change about a sample which can then be utilized to express sample properties from different points of scientific and industrial views, including oxidation stability of fat containing samples in food research. Oxidation stability is a very important parameter as it reflects the duration and temperature range of stability during the production, storage and use of fats, oils and fatty foods. Oxidation of fats releases heat energy at various temperatures or at various times under constant temperature, which is measurable with DSC as oxidation induction time or oxidation onset temperature (Ton). The stability is expected to increase, shifting Ton towards higher temperatures, by use of antioxidant additives. Oxidation also results in mass loss due to the formation of gaseous reaction products, which is measured with TGA instruments. Antioxidants also cause an increase in temperature at which dramatic mass loss starts as a result of oxidation reactions. Therefore the antioxidant performances of the additives can be evaluated based on TGA and DSC beides widely used analytical techniques including oxidative stability index (OSI) and peroxide value (PV) measurements. Early findings of our research showed that gallic acid addition to butter resulted in measurable amounts of increase in temperatures around which butter start oxidizing in both tests. An interesting observation was that though gallic acid addition caused around 50 ºC increase for the start of exothermal heat flow due to oxidation in DSC test, the increase appeared to be much less, around 20 ºC, in the case of TGA test, which hints the formation of oxidation products staying still in sample and probably resulting in final gaseous products upon further oxidations.

Figure. Thermograms obtained with gallic acid in butter by (a) DSC and (b) TGA.

Detailed studies are to be done to better show the antioxidant or oxidation stabilizing performances of individual antioxidants and natural plant products that are used for such purposes.

44

(a) (b)



Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB)/Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Composites Containing PVDF or BaTiO3

Birten ÇAKMAKLIa and Emrehan ÖNERb

a)Department of Chemistry Faculty of Art and Sciences Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100 Burdur, Turkey

b)Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100 Burdur, Turkey

[email protected]

Bacterial poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) is a well-known thermoplastic polyester and similar mechanical performance with petroleum-based polymers such as polypropylene (PP). PHB that has many interesting properties such as piezoelectricity and non linear optical activity, which may be useful in many biomedical applications due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxic, highly crystalline, hard-brittle and insoluble in water1-3. Piezoelectric materials, organic (mostly polymers) and inorganic materials, can convert mechanical force into electricity and vice versa4. Polar polymers, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), are ferroelectric and exhibit normal piezoelectric effects after poling treatments. Inorganic piezoelectric materials, such as barium titanate (BaTiO3) are biocompatible or can be biocompatible after being encapsulated4.

In this study, PHB/TPU composites were prepared by melt blending in a corotating intermesh twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of D D 16 mm and a screw length–diameter (L/D) ratio of 40. The melt-compounded rod extrudate was then cooled and granulated in situ using a pelletizer. The pellets were injection molded into test samples by using a 12-ml microinjection molder. These composite materials were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal (DSC and TGA), mechanical (tensile (ASTM D 638), flexural (three-point bending) (ASTM D 790), DMA, Shore-D hardness points) and morphological test (SEM). Keywords - PHB, TPU, Piezoelectric Composite

References

1) Hazer, B.; Steinbüchel, A. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2007, 74, 1-12.2) Doi, Y.; Steinbüchel, A.. Biopolymers, vol 3b: polyesters II - properties and chemical synthesis. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ. 2002.3) Chernozem, R. V.; Surmeneva, M. A.; Surmenev R. A. Materials Letters, 2018, 220, 257–260.4) Chorsi, M. T.; Curry, E. J.; Chorsi, H. T.; Das, R.; Baroody, J.; Purohit, P. K.; Ilies, H. and Nguyen, T. D. “Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1802084.

AcknowledgmentThis work was financially supported by Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Research Fund.

45



Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) in the Presence of Humic Acid using Ce-ZrO2 under visible light

Fabrício Eduardo Bortot Coelho, Giuliana Magnacca

Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P.Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy

[email protected]

Cr(VI) is widely used in several industries but it is one of the most dangerous pollutants because it is

carcinogenic and high-toxicity to human, animals, and plants. Several Cr(VI) treatment processes start with

its reduction to Cr(III), which is 500 times less toxic than Cr(VI). The photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI)

attracts interest in being more practical and cleaner compared to chemical reduction. Among the

photocatalysts available, oxides such as TiO2 and ZnO have been reported for this process but these oxides

may not be totally stable in acid media. Therefore, an alternative is to use zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2), since

this oxide has an outstanding chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability. In addition, zirconia is a powerful

candidate for Cr(VI) photocatalytic reduction, because of its low CB potential of −1.0 V (vs. NHE), pH 0) and

high VB potential of +4.0 V. On the other hand, these band energy levels imply in a large band gap value

(ca. 5.0 eV), which does not allow the activation of zirconia with solar light. To overcome that, our group

developed a Ce-doped zirconia capable of generating photo-induced electrons and holes under visible-light

irradiation. In this context, this work studied the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) using zirconia doped

with 0.5% molar of cerium (Ce-ZrO2), under visible light irradiation in aqueous systems with and without

humic acid (HA), since humic-like substances are usually present in wastewaters. It was observed that

higher catalyst dosages and lower pH values favor Cr(VI) adsorption. Lower pH values promote a reduction

in the electrical repulsion between zirconia surface and Cr species. Without HA, the Cr(VI) reduction was

strongly affected by the pH, since more acid media increases the driving force for the reaction by increasing

the reduction potential and also increasing the amount of HCrO4- over CrO4

2-, which has a higher reduction

potential and less repulsion by the zirconia surface. Thus, at an initial pH of 4, it was possible to remove

70% of Cr(VI) from the solution combining adsorption in the dark and photocatalytic reduction using 1.0 g/L

of Ce-ZrO2. In the presence of humic acid, the photocatalytic reduction was increased even at lower catalyst

dosages and higher initial pH values, since HA participates actively in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI)

reducing the electron-hole recombination acting as holes scavenger. These results indicate that Ce-doped

zirconia can be applied to treat Cr(VI) effluents even in the presence of naturally occurring matter, such as

humic-like substances. The advantages of this material are its great chemical and mechanical resistance and

the possibility to use visible light sources, such as solar light, which contributes to the development of more

sustainable, cleaner, and cost effective wastewater treatments.

46



Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A Under Visible Light Over Graphene Oxide Based Heterojunction CuO-TiO2 Composite Catalysts

İlknur Altın*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey

[email protected]

Growing concerns regarding the reach of clean water have highlighted the need for efficient methods

to degrade pollutants from wastewater. Semiconductor-mediated heterogeneous photocatalysis, which

works under visible light without creating harmful by-products is considered as a desirable technology for

decomposing organic pollutants from wastewater [1]. Several methods such as metal loading and coupling

with another semiconductor are employed to utilize visible light and increase the photocatalytic activity.

Moreover, graphene (GR), which is one of the carbonaceous materials, is a nonporous absorbent with a

high specific surface area and low porosity [2].

In the present work, due to the low degradation rate of photocatalytic bisphenol A (BPA), following

sstrategies had been performed to increase BPA photocatalytic degradation: i) use

cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a dispersant to syntheszed photocatalyst with a suitable

particle size and mesoporous structure, ii) CuO and TiO2 formed composite to reduce the recombination of

the electrons and holes, iii) CuO/TiO2 nanocatalyst-decorated on graphene oxide to obtain excellent

conductivity and large surface area.

References:

1) Luo, L; Yang, Y; Zhang, A; Wang, M; Liu, Y; L, Bian, L; Jiang F; Pan, X. App. Surf. Sci. 2015, 469-479.2) Mu, C; Zhang, Y; Cui, W; Liang, Y; Zhu, Yongfa, Z. App. Catal. B Environ. 2017, 41-49.

.

47



POSTER PRESENTATIONS

48


Synthesis and Performance of Silver Phosphate Semiconductors for The Photodegradation of Food Dyes Under Visible Light

A.Pavanello*, P. Johnston, A. Blasco, M. A. Miranda , M. L. Marin

Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n , Valencia, Spain.

*[email protected]

Synthetic organic dyes are used in a wide array of industries but pose problems for water-based ecosystems because they absorb and reflect light that would otherwise be used by algae and other waterborne plants to photosynthesis. Moreover, synthetic food dyes and their by-products are toxic for the aquatic environment and human health1; for these reasons, it is important to find ways to eliminate them. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) and in particular the combination between semiconductors and light, could be used for this purpose. In this context, TiO2 is a very excellent photocatalyst, but unfortunately, it needs UV-light to be activated, which represents less than 10% of the solar light. In order to take advantage of the visible solar light, it is important to develop novel visible light photocatalysts2,3,4.

In this contribution, we have prepared silver based semiconductors with different morphologies, able to absorb visible light and we intended to evaluate their performance on the photodegradation of several dyes. The morphology and the optical properties of these photocatalysts have been characterized by SEM and diffusion reflectance, respectively. Moreover, their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photodegradation of Rhodamine B, Brilliant Blue, Tartrazine and Orange II with light at 420 nm and 460 nm LED.

The synthesized silver-based photocatalysts were able to produce the photodegradation of the different food dyes regardless of their chemical structure or absorption properties. Results were compared to the performance of TiO2 under the same experimental conditions. Even more, their activity was kept upon irradiation with blue LEDs.

In conclusion silver-based materials have demonstrated to be efficient in the photodegradation of food dyes under visible light irradiation regardless of their morphology or the chemical structure of the dyes.

References:

1) L. Pereira, M. Alves, Environmental Protection Strategies for Sustainable Development, Springer, 2012, pp.111-162.

2) H. Dong, G. Zeng, L. Tang, C. Fan, C. Zhang, X. He and Y. He, 2015, vol. 79, pp. 128-146.3) Y. Bi, S. Ouyang, N. Umezawa, J. Cao, J. Ye, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133 (17), 6490–64924) L. Guo, H. Wang, Y. Bai, J. Yang, X. Lang and a. J. Li, Chemisty A European Journal, 5524-5529, 2012.

49



Synthesis and Characterization of a SiO2@TiO2 Core@Shell Photocatalyst for the Abatement of Phenolic Contaminants

Oscar Cabezuelo, Francisco Bosca, M. Luisa MarinInstituto de Tecnología Química, Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Científicas, Av, de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain

[email protected]

Phenolic pollutants constitute a family of recalcitrant compounds that still deserve more efforts to develop efficient treatments able to produce their abatement.1

The combination of semiconductor materials with sunlight appears as an attractive approach for the treatment of wastewaters.2 In this context, nanosized titanium dioxide is the most used semiconductor due to its suitable electronic properties, as well as, inertness.3 Despite of these advantages, its aggregation tendency in water and strong difficulties to be recovered, results in the overuse of high amounts of TiO 2 that make practical applications difficult and costly.4 To settle these constrains, core@shell structures outcome in improved material properties; for instance, they minimize the nanosized particle aggregation, thus exhibiting a larger photoactive surface area, and offer the possibility of preparing photocatalysts with different internal vs external diameter ratios.5

The aim of the present work is to synthesize a new photocatalyst based on core@shell particle structures with SiO2 core and TiO2 anatase shell, and evaluate it in the photodegradation of phenolic pollutants. Hence, synthesis of the photocatalyst was carried out in two steps: i) Synthesis of SiO2 particles through the Stöber method based on the precipitation of SiO2 in an EtOH and NH4OH media, using tetraethyl orthosilicate as the precursor;6 ii) Deposition of TiO2 on the SiO2 particles by adding titanium IV tetraisopropoxide in a mixture of EtOH/2-propanol in an attempt to optimize the reported protocol.7 The resulting photocatalyst was activated at 500 0C to obtain the TiO2 in the anatase phase and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic efficiency of the new photocatalyst was tested in aqueous solutions of phenolic pollutants such as phenol (P), ortho-phenylphenol (OPP), trichlorophenol (TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP), and compared to the standard photocatalyst Aeroxide P25 nanoparticles from Sigma-Aldich. The photodegradations were performed using 8W lamps emitting at 350 nm as the light source.

Acknowledgment: M. L. Marin would like to acknowledge H2020/Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions under the AQUAlity project (Reference: 765860)1. Martinez-Haya, R., Luna, M.M., Hijarro, A., Martinez-Valero, E., Miranda, M.A., Marin, M.L., Catal.

Today 328, 243–251 (2019).2. Adán, C., Carbajo, J., Bahamonde, A., Oller, I., Malato, I., Martinez-Arias, A., J. Appl. Catal. B Environ.

108–109, 168–176 (2011).3. Carbajo, J., Tolosana-Moranchel, A., Casas, J. A., Faraldos, M. & Bahamonde, A., Appl. Catal. B

Environ. 221, 1–8 (2018).4. Schneider, J., Matsuoka, M.,Takeuchi, M.,Zhang, J., Anpo, M., Bhanemann, D.W., Chem. Rev. 114,

9919–9986 (2014).5. Ullah, S. Ullah, S., Ferreira-Neto, E. P., Pasa, A. A., Alcántara, C. C. J., Acuña, J. J. S., Bilmes, S. A.,

Martínez Richi, M. L., Landers, R., Zampieri Fermino, T., Rodrigues-Filho, U. P., Appl. Catal. B Environ. 179, 333–343 (2015).

6. Stöber, W. & Fink, A. Sci. 26, 62–69 (1968).7. Pang, S. C., Kho, S. Y. & Chin, S.F., J. Nanomater. 2012, (2012).

50



Development of ZnS Antireflective Thin Film Coating for MWIR Region

Abdullah Karaca a ,b,c, H.İbrahim Efkere a,b, Semran Sağlam a,b, Emin Bacaksız a,c, Süleyman Özçelik a,b

a Photonics Application and Research Center, Gazi University

b Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Gazi University

c Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University

[email protected]

Antireflective coatings (ARC) is one type of optical coatings. ARC are benefits due to the ability of ARC to fulfill or minimize reflections from the front and back surfaces of materials1. The reflection of light from the surface of the material is some unwanted situations. When ARC is applied to a surface, it increase the transmitted light and reduce the light reflected from the surface of a materials 2. The optical and electrical properties of substrates can be enhanced by ARC’s. Ge is the most commonly used material in thermal imaging systems as a lens or optical windows due to its optical properties 3. Single crystal Ge has about 46% optical transmission in the wavelength range of 2-14 m4. However, it has a high refractive index (4.00 at 10 m). The high reflection index of Ge causes reflection loss from its surface. The optical transmission of Ge will increase when AR coating is applied to the Ge’s surface. Especially Ge lenses or optical windows with an anti-reflective coating used in thermal imaging systems are increased both image clarity and surface protection.

In this study, the effect of single-layer antireflection thin film coatings on the germanium (Ge) optical windows surfaces have been investigated. Zinc sulfide (ZnS) was chosen as an optical coating material. Zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films have been deposited on Ge optical windows using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The single layer ZnS antireflection thin films were produced at different system working pressure under 3 mTorr, 20 mTorr and 30 mTorr. Crystal structures, optical and surface properties of ZnS were investigated for antireflection coating thin films. Optical transmission measurements have shown that ZnS-coated Ge optical windows have antireflective properties for MWIR region.

References

1) Mushtak, A.j., Design of high efficiency multilayer antireflection coatings for visible and infrared substrates. Journal of College of Education, 2009(3): p. 733-746.

2) Hobbs, D.S. and B.D. MacLeod. Design, Fabrication, and Measured Performance of Anti-Reflecting Surface Textures in İnfrared Transmitting Materials. in Defense and Security. 2005. SPIE.

3) Firoozifar, S., et al., A Study of the Optical Properties and Adhesion of Zinc Sulfide Anti-Reflection Thin Film Coated on a Germanium Substrate. Applied Surface Science, 2011. 258(2): p. 818-821.

4) Salih, A.T., et al., Single-Material Multilayer ZnS As Anti-Reflective Coating For Solar Cell Applications. Optics Communications, 2017. 388: p. 84-89.

5) Ghosh, A., et al., Antireflection coating on germanium for dual channel (3–5 and 7.5–10.6 μm) thermal imagers. Infrared physics & technology, 1999. 40(1): p. 49-53.

51



Ceramic Paste Preparation and Suspension Wash Coats Formulation for Disc Shaped α-Al2O3 Substrate

Chukwuka Bethel Anucha *1a , Pavlos K. Pandisb,c, Vassilis N. Stathopoulosc,d, Ilias Georgiopoulosd, Zoi Tatoudid, Cristos Argirusisb, Iıknur Altin1a, Emin Bacaksiz1b

1aDepartment of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, KTU, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.

1bDepartment of Physics, Karadeniz Teknik University, KTU, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.

b Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

cLaboratory of Chemistry and Materials Technology, School of Sciences, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400, Psachna Campus, Evia, Greece

d MIRTEC S.A, Thiva Branch, 72nd km of Athens-Lamia National Road, 34100, Chalkida, Greece

*[email protected]

In this work, asymmetric porous structures were developed to function as Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors (PMR) for the removal of organic pollutants in the water environment. Additives were prepared by the sol-gel sol method of coarse grained α-Al2O3 in order to improve the properties of asymmetric porous structures such as improve the strength of the film or the strength of the coating.

Finally, a preliminary investigation was carried out in the case of the emergence of monolithic structures.

Porous structures consist of 2 mattresses: the disc shaped substrate from alpha-alumina and the final TiO2 coating, which is also the photocatalytic film. The study of the substrate was performed relative to the firing temperature of 1450°C, as to make better resistance and porosity combination. Then with the technique of deposition through dip-coating wash coats were deposited as a photocatalytic film of A-HR tioxide which is used in the paint industry.

XRD, SEM, SEM/EDX, 4-Point Bending Strength, granulometric measurements were the characterization techniques used to study the substrate, powder as well as the final asymmetric membranes of geometrical dimensions- 2mm thickness, 2.4gcm-3, approx. 5.2 g mass and 43% porosity.

52



Application of Advanced Integrated Technologies (Membrane and Photo-Oxidation Processes) for the Removal of CECs contained in Urban Wastewater

Dennis Deemtera, Isabel Ollera, Sixto Malatoa, Ana M. Amatb

(1) Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés Km 4, Tabernas (Almería), Spain; (2) Grupo Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada, Campus de Alcoy, Universitat Politècnica de València. Spain;

[email protected]

The availability of clean water is decreasing due to climate variation, droughts, rising population, and pollution. Therefore, new methods must be found to recycle used water and prevent contaminants to pass conventional wastewater treatment techniques.1 Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) are substances increasingly found in urban wastewater in ranges up to µg/L and originate from usage and disposal of many modern products. Their main sources are traceable to the use of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds.2 New perspectives in the solution of this problem can be found in the combination of Nano filtration (NF) by membranes and Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). The latter are processes whereby highly reactive hydroxyl radicals are generated to eliminate the CECs. Photo-Fenton is an AOP based on the catalytic cycle of iron (Fe 2+/Fe3+), promoted by hydrogen peroxide and UV-vis light, producing hydroxyl radicals. Its main advantage is that it uses simple chemicals and irradiation coming from the Sun, with already available technology.3,4

In this project, the AOPs will be combined with NF systems in a unique innovative hybrid tool. The key objectives of this work are the development and operation (batch and later continuous mode) of NF membrane systems based on a commercial polyamide material and to develop high-flux ceramic membranes within the MSCA-AQUAlity project. These new membranes must show high rejection for CECs, high water permeability, high resistance to fouling and high stability for cleaning and disinfection treatments.

An evaluation of the effect of salinity and operational parameters has been performed. Contaminants were selected based on their common presence and/or persistence in urban wastewater effluents at a working concentration of 100 µg/L. Naming: Caffeine, Imidacloprid, Thiacloprid, Carbamazepine and Diclofenac. The used matrices are well water (Tabernas, Spain) and urban wastewater treatment plant effluents that were spiked with these compounds. The next step in this work will be the application of the solar photo-Fenton to the filtration effluents. All having variable concentration factors and CEC concentrations at conventional photo-Fenton optimal pH (pH 3) and at natural pH using Fe-EDDS complexes. The results show the increased ability for Imidacloprid and Thiacloprid to leach through the NF membrane into the permeate along with their persistence towards the photo-Fenton process compared to the other selected compounds at both pH values.

Keywords - Advanced oxidation processes, contaminants of emerging concern, Nano filtration, tertiary treatment, wastewater, solar photo-Fenton.

References1.Sophia A, C.; Lima, E. C., Removal of emerging contaminants from the environment by adsorption. Ecotoxicology and

Environmental Safety 2018, 150, 1-17.2. Onsy Mohamed, A.-M.; Paleologos, E., Emerging Pollutants: Fate, Pathways, and Bioavailability. 2018; p 327-358.3. Dewil, R.; Mantzavinos, D.; Poulios, I.; Rodrigo, M. A., New perspectives for Advanced Oxidation Processes. Journal of

Environmental Management 2017, 195, 93-99.4. S. Miralles-Cuevas, I. Oller, A. Ruíz-Delgado, A. Cabrera-Reina, L. Cornejo-Ponce, S. Malato, EDDS as complexing agent for

enhancing solar advanced oxidation processes in natural water: Effect of iron species and different oxidants, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2018.

53



Synthesıs And Characterization of Original Compounds Containing 1,2,4-Triazol Hetero Ring System

Fatih Çelik, Dilek Ünlüer, Sadık Deniz, Kemal Sancak

Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Kimya Bölümü, 61080 Trabzon, Türkiye

[email protected]

In this study; 3-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1,5-dihydro-4H-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3(5)-one (12) was separately

reacted with thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 3-methyl-thiophene carboxaldehyde and 5-bromothiophene

carboxaldehyde to synthesize the compounds 14 (a-c). The 1,2,4-triazole derivative compounds 15 (a-c)

were obtained by reacting the synthesized 14 (a-c) compounds with K2CO3 and propargyl bromide.

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibition properties of 6 original compounds synthesized in the

study were examined. Structure elucidation of all compounds obtained was carried out using FT-IR, 1H-

NMR, 13C-NMR and LC-MS/MS [1,2].

General synthesis of compounds 14(a-c)

General synthesis of compounds 15(a-c)

REFERENCES

1. Bekircan, O. ve Bektaş, H., Molecules, 13 (2008) 2126-2135.2. Renate, H. H., Eric, M. G., Carmen, L., Peter, J. S., Baojie, W., Scott, G. F., Jiri, G., Philip, J. R. ve Kelly,

C., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 20 (2010) 942-944.

KEYWORDS - 1,2,4-triazole, Schiff base.

54



Synthesis of Hybrid 1,2,3-Triazol Compounds And Investigation of Biochemial Properties

Fatih Çelik, Dilek Ünlüer, Sadık Deniz, Kemal Sancak

Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Kimya Bölümü, 61080 Trabzon, Türkiye

[email protected]

Click chemistry is known as the Huisgen reaction. Click chemistry, which has been frequently

brought up in recent years and whose foundations were put forward by Sharpless and colleagues in 2001,

has brought a new approach to the world of organic synthesis. The huisgen reaction involves 1,3-dipolar

ringing between an azide and an alkyne group, resulting in the formation of 1,2,3-triazole. However,

Huisgen's 1,3-dipolar ring is usually a slow reaction since it occurs in a catalyst-free medium [1-4]. In this

study; compounds 17-22 were synthesized from 15 (a-c) compounds separately treatment with 4-chloro

benzyl azide (16a) and 4-bromo benzyl azide (16b). Antioxidant, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibition

properties of the synthesized 6 original compounds were investigated and structure elucidation was

performed using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS/MS.

Synthesis of 17-22 compounds

REFERENCES

1. Huisgen, R., Centenary Lecture - 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions, Proceedings of the Chemical Society of London, (1961) 357-396.

2. Kolb, H. C., Finn M. G. ve Sharpless, K. B., Angewandte Chemie International Edition ,40 (2001) 2004–2021.

3. Kolb, H.C. ve Sharpless, K. B., Research Focus, 8 (2003) 1128–1137.4. Amantini,D., Fringuelli, F., Piermatti, O., Pizzo, F., Zunino, E. ve Vaccaro, L.,The Journal of Organic

Chemistry, 70 (2005) 6526–6529.

KEYWORDS - Click chemistry, 1,2,3-triazole, Huisgen reaction.

55



Thermodynamic Parameters for Thermal Inactivation of α-Amylase from Macroalgae Tissue

Fulya OZ TUNCAY a, Ummuhan CAKMAK a, Yakup KOLCUOĞLU a, Nihal KUTLU CALISKAN b

a Karadeniz Technical University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Trabzon

b Central Fisheries Research Institue, Trabzon

[email protected]

α-Amylases are classical metalloenzymes belonging to glycosyl hydrolase (GH-13 family) class which

catalyse the hydrolysis of α-1,4 glycosidic bonds during assimilation of starch and related carbohydrates, in

endo-fashion by employing the retaining reaction mechanism. This bond specific enzymatic reaction, upon

hydrolysis, involves the release of sugars of varying products ranging from dextrins to progressively smaller

polymers composed of glucose units. Thus, α-amylase is primarily involved in sugar metabolism of plants,

animals, and microbes.1 These enzymes are applied in several industrial processes, like processes in the

pharmaceutical, feed, pulp and paper, textile, food and detergent industries.2

In order to determine the thermodynamic parameters (Ea, ΔG, ΔS, and ΔH ), thermal stability studies

were achieved. The enzyme solutions in Eppendorf tubes were incubated at 4 and 10 °C for α-amylase

activity. Aliquots were withdrawn periodically for 14 days and the enzyme activity was determined with

optimal assay conditions by using starch as the substrate. Control with non-incubated enzyme was used for

100% activity value.3 Based on the calculated datas and results it can be speculated that the macroalgae α-

amylase has high thermostable activity.

References:

1) Singh, K., Ahmad, F., Singh, V. K., Kayastha, K. and Kayastha, A. M. J. Mol. Liq., 2017, 234, 133-141.

2) Frantz, S. C., Paludo, L. C., Stutz, H., Spier, M. R., Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol., 2019, 17, 82-92.3) Kolcuoğlu, Y., Kuyumcu, I., Colak, A., J. Food Biochem., 2018, 42, 1-11.

56



Investigation of Photocatalytic Properties of Octa Substituted Zinc(II), Magnesium(II) and Lead(II) Phthalocyanine Compounds on 4-Nitrophenol

PhotooxidationHalise Yalazan, Kader Tekintas, Vildan Serdaroglu, Nuran Kahriman, Ece Tugba Saka, Halit Kantekin

Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey

[email protected]

Environmental problems such as organic water pollutants produced by some industries are harmful to human health and living creatures.1 Photocatalysis is a ‘‘green” technique that offers great potential for the elimination of toxic organic pollutants in wastewater. It is efficient and has broad applicability for creating a clean environment.2 Among the pollutants, 4-nitrophenol is mostly used chemical in the industrial and agricultural process. Metallophthalocyanine (MPc) is a promising photocatalyst that has attracted considerable interests in recent years because of its intense absorption bands in the longer wavelength region of the visible–light in a solar spectrum.3 In this present study, the synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic behavior, as well as photocatalytic (on the oxidation of 4-nitrophenol) properties of new octa, substituted zinc(II), magnesium(II) and lead(II) phthalocyanines are investigated.

References

1) Schwarzenbach, R.P.; Escher , B.I.; Fenner , K.; Hofstetter , T.B.; Johnson , C.A.; Gunten, U.; Wehrli , B.,

Science 2006, 313, 1072–1077.

2) Yang, M.Q.; Zhang, N.; Pagliaro, M.; Y.J. Chem Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 8240–8254.

3) Zhao, P.; Song, Y.N.; Dong, S.D.; Niu, L.H.; Zhang, F.S. Dalton Trans. 2009, 6327–6334.

57



Observation of Antioxidant Activity of Standard Antioxidants in Butter by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

Melek Kayaa, Hacer Doğana,b, Uğur Kardila,c, Ayça Aktaş Karaçelikd, Murat Küçüka

a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TÜRKİYEb Hitit University Scientific Technical Application and Research Center (HÜBTUAM), Çorum, TÜRKİYE

c Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, TÜRKİYE

d Department of Food Processing, Espiye Vocational School, Giresun University, Giresun, TÜRKİYE

[email protected]

Thermogravimetric analysis is a technique that measures mass changes of a sample during dehydration, phase change or decomposition of a substance as a function of time or temperature. Oxidative mass losses are the most common losses in TGA. TGA can be used to study the oxidation of materials. Antioxidants among additives are the most important ones in the food industry for preventing the damages caused by autoxidation during the production, storage, transportation and marketing of vegetable and animal fat containing products. Antioxidants prevent spoilage and rancidity in foods. Autoxidation in fat and fatty foods is of great importance both in terms of nutritional physiology and technological-economic aspects. In this study, the preventive effect of standard antioxidants BHT, gallic acid and Trolox on oxidation of butter was investigated by TGA.

The butter was mixed with antioxidants individually at 200 ppm concentration, and TGA analysis was performed between 25-300 ºC. DPPH radical scavenging activities were also tested.

Figure. TGA thermogram (25-300 ºC range) of butter with three antioxidants at 200 ppm.

Oxidation onset was observed as the region where mass loss increased in TGA while the temperature increased. Antioxidant effect was observed with BHT and gallic acid as an increase of oxidation onset temperature from 230 ºC to 270 and 260 ºC, respectively. No antioxidant effect was observed with Trolox at the studied concentration. A dramatic mass loss was seen in all three cases at around 110-130 ºC probably due to the evaporation of water content of the butter samples. Further investigation of antioxidant effect of these antioxidants at various constant temperatures as a function of time in TGA should be done.

58



The effect of cobalt doping on the efficiency of semiconductor oxides in the photocatalytic water remediation

Nuno P. F. Gonçalves, Maria Cristina Paganini, Paolo Armillotta, Erik Cerrato and Paola Calza

Department of Chemistry, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy [email protected]

Heterogeneous photocatalysis has become one of the most promising solutions for water remediation due to its ability to generate highly reactive oxidizing species able to remove a wide range of contaminants. Among photocatalysts, the semiconductors oxides such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, thanks to their chemical and physical high stability, broad adsorption range, high electronical coupling coefficient and photo-stability, has been widely reported as the leading candidates.1

The introduction of doping agents is described as a successful approach to improve semiconductor photocatalytic efficiency. The addition of supplementary energy levels on the oxide bandgap can potentially act as a charge trap, reducing the recombination of the photogenerated electrons/holes allowing carries to successful diffuse to the surface resulting in better photocatalytic activity. Additionally, transition metals can modify the semiconductor lattice, inducing reticular distortions increasing the fraction defects that can lead to higher efficiency in the electron/hole charges separation. The incorporation of transition metal ions in oxides semiconductors appears to be a complex function of dopant concentration and its distribution, strongly dependent on each metal ion electron donor density and its electron configuration.2,3

Cobalt is considered one of the most effective doping species due to its abundant electronic states and also it appears to suit well for tailoring the electronic structure, by substitution of Co 2+ on the host lattice without inducing significant distortions in the oxide lattice. However, the introduction of cobalt with different concentrations on ZnO lattice is reported to induce a change in the morphology on the microstructures suggesting that structure and activity strongly depend on the synthesis method.4

In this study, a comprehensive investigation on the role of cobalt doping on the TiO2 and ZnO photocatalytic efficiency is assessed by employing different dopant concentrations (from 0.25 to 5%), as well as the synthesis procedure (solution and hydrothermal methods) and by using phenol as a model pollutant. The obtained results clearly indicate that hydrothermal method proved to be the most advantageous to prepare Co-doped ZnO materials for photocatalytic applications. Doping concentration presents a clear contribution to the material performance, being the one prepared by the addition of 0.5% the most effective on the pollutant phenol removal. The best performing material proved to efficiently remove ketoprofen in a real wastewater sample, showing to be most efficient on ketoprofen mineralization.

AcknowledgmentsThis work is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 765860.

References: 1) Ge, J.; Zhang, Y.; Heo, Y.-J.; Park, S.-J. Catalysts 2019, 9, 122.2) Paganini, M. C.; Giorgini, A.; Gonçalves, N.P.F; Gionco, C.; Prevot A.B.; Calza, P. Catal. Today. 2019, 328, 230.3) Cerrato, E.; Gionco, C.; Berruti, I.; Sordello, F.; Calza, P.; Paganini, M.C. J. Solid State Chem. 2018, 264, 42.4) Kumar, Y.; Sahai, A.; Olive-Méndez, S.F.; Goswami, N.; Agarwal, V. Ceram. Int. 2016, 42, 5184.

59



Catalytic Cracking and ZSM-5 Zeolite

Turgay Kar a , Sedat KELEŞb, Kamil KAYGUSUZc


b Karadeniz Technical University Department of Chemistry

c Karadeniz Technical University Department of Chemistry

[email protected]

Today, catalysts are generally used to upgrade biofuels and to obtain desired liquid and gas

products. Zeolites are one of the most important catalyst groups used to obtain liquid fuel from biomass

and to improve the structure of this liquid obtained. In this study, the structure and upgrading properties of

zeolite catalysts ZSM-5 are discussed. Zeolites are tetrahedral crystalline structures with the smallest unit

SiO4 or Al2O3. Each of these tetrahedral zeolites, which have a total charge balance negative, contain Si

(silicium) or Al (aluminum) in the center and oxygen atoms in the building corners. Some important

properties of zeolite catalysts are: Large surface area, high adsorption capacity, a wide range of channels

and pores, and selectivity in the degradation of deoxygenated compounds. The main important reactions of

HZSM-5 and ZSM-5 are cracking and dehydration. The pore size and skeletal structure of zeolites limit the

formation of hydrocarbons of greater size than their pore structure. ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst has a very high

cracking activity. ZSM-5 is widely used as a catalyst in the petroleum industry with shape selectivity, steric

disability, extraordinary pore size and thermal stability. Studies have shown that the use of ZSM-5 in

biomass pyrolysis, reduces the content of oxygenated compounds in the biofuel and increases the aromatic

species at the same time. Consequently, catalytic cracking is very important for the upgrading of biofuel for

use in fuel applications, and the ZSM-5 have successful applications in this regard.

60



Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Some Bio-Wastes with Vanadium Oxide Catalyst T

Turgay Kar a , Sedat KELEŞa , Kamil KAYGUSUZa


[email protected]

Biomass is one of the sustainable sources that meet the increasing energy requirements and do not

harm the environment. Fast pyrolysis is the most effective and most widely used method for converting

biomass into solid liquid and gas products. In this study, liquid products with high energy value were

obtained from tea and hazelnut wastes by fast pyrolysis method. The effect of metal oxide catalyst (V 2O5)

on liquid product yield and content was investigated. It was determined that temperature and heating rate

were effective parameters in the product yields obtained by the fast pyrolysis of hazelnut shell, hazelnut

knot, and tea bush used as waste biomass. V2O5 catalyst had a positive effect on liquid product yields under

all experimental conditions. In the characterization studies, the structure of the sub-fractions of catalytic

and non-catalytic pyrolysis products were investigated. The H/C ratio of the biomass mixture indicates that

this mixture can be used as a raw material in the production of liquid fuel. As a result, the addition of

catalysts in all sub-fractions has a positive effect on the calorific values of pyrolytic liquids due to the

reduction of oxygen content and increasing carbon content. Both the calorific values and the H/C and O/C

molar ratios of the pyrolytic bio-oils show that these liquids can be used as a liquid fuel. In all experiments,

the maximum liquid yield was acquired at the same heating rate of 450°C min−1 and the temperature of

450°C with a particle size of 0.5 to 1.0 mm. The maximum pyrolysis liquid (bio oil) was obtained with‐

catalytic pyrolysis, and this value was 60.58 wt%.

61



Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) Measurements of Antioxidant Performance of BHT, Trolox and Gallic Acid in Butter System

Uğur Kardila,b, Hacer Doğana,c, Melek Kayaa, Semra Alkan Türkuçard, Murat Küçüka

a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TÜRKİYEb Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gümüşhane

University, Gümüşhane, TÜRKİYEcHitit University Scientific Technical Application and Research Center (HÜBTUAM), Çorum, TÜRKİYE

d Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Antalya, TÜRKİYE

[email protected]

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is widely used for the determination of oxidation stability of fats and oils by measuring heat flow as a function of temperature in isothermal or non-isothermal modes. Oxidation of fats releases heat energy at various temperatures depending on their stability. Oxidation induction time and oxidation onset temperature (Ton) is generally used to evaluate the oxidative stability of fats. Both synthetic and natural antioxidants are used as an additive in fat containing products including butter in the food industry. Antioxidant performances of these additives are evaluated based on various analytical techniques among which oxidative stability index (OSI) and peroxide value (PV) find a high level of acceptance. In the current study, the antioxidant effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), gallic acid and Trolox, which are widely used in antioxidant research, on the oxidation of butter was investigated by DSC.

Antioxidants were mixed with butter individually at 200 ppm concentration, and non-isothermal DSC analyses were performed between 25-300 ºC. Ferric reducing the antioxidant performances (FRAP) of the antioxidants were also determined.

Figure. DSC thermogram of butter with BHT, gallic acid and Trolox.

Oxidation onset temperature was determined in DSC as increased from 210 ºC in butter to 240, 270 and 295 ºC in butter with Trolox, gallic acid and BHT, respectively. A dramatic heat in-flow was observed in all three cases at around 110-140 ºC expected to be due to the evaporation of water content of the butter samples. Findings of this study will form a base for comparison of antioxidant performance of natural antioxidants to be obtained from plants.

62



Calculation of Thermodynamic Parameters Necessary for Thermal Inactivation of Xylanase from Macroalgae Tissue

Ummuhan CAKMAK a, Fulya OZ TUNCAY a, Yakup KOLCUOĞLU a, Nihal KUTLU CALISKAN b

a Karadeniz Technical University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Trabzon

b Central Fisheries Research Institue, Trabzon

[email protected]

Xylan is the major constituent of hemicelluloses of the plant cell wall, which represents up to 30% of

the dry weight of the cell walls. Complete degradation of xylan requires the synergistic action of different

xylanolytic enzymes. Among these enzymes, the most important one is endo-1,4-β-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8),

which hydrolyze 1,4-β-D-xylan to xylose and xylooligosaccharides.1 Endo-xylanases are generally produced

by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and yeast. Interest in xylanolytic enzymes has increased in the

last decades due to their industrial applications in the food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries and for

sustainable production of chemicals and fuels. Besides, they can be applied in some processes in which

cellulolytic activity must be absent, to preserve the vegetal fibers, in the pulp and paper industries, and in

the processing of flax, hemp and jute in the textile industries. 2

To determine the thermodynamic parameters (Ea, ΔG, ΔS, and ΔH ) and thermal stability, the enzyme

solution was incubated for 14 days at 4 °C and 30 °C, separately. At the end of the incubation period, the

xylanase activity was assayed under standard reaction conditions and the percentage residual enzyme

activity was detected by comparison with the non-incubated enzyme.3 When the obtained results were

evaluated, it was determined that the enzyme has high thermal stability.

References:

1. Mohamed, M. A., Ghanem, M. M. E., Abd-Elaziz, A. M., Shams-Eldin, I. M., Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol., 2018, 14, 321-327.

2. Silva, L.A.O., Terrasan, C. R. F., Carmona, E. C., Electron. J. Bıotechn., 2015, 18, 4, 307-313. 3. Cakmak, U., Saglam Ertunga, N., J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym., 2016, 133, 288-298.

63

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878818117305959#!







Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel Plant Oil Based PNIPAM Cryogels

Fatma KÖKLÜ KOCAÖZa, Birten ÇAKMAKLIa, Emrehan ÖNERb

a)Department of Chemistry Faculty of Art and Sciences Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100 Burdur, Turkey

b)Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100 Burdur, Turkey

[email protected] ; niobe48hotmail.com

Cryogels which have interconnected/supermacroporous morphology, spongy and flexible structure are efficient materials for applications in many different areas of biochemistry or bioengineering (e.g., tissue engineering scaffolds) and biotechnology including use as chromatographic materials for many separations and purification processes1,2. These cross-linked polymers were prepared by cryogelation technique. In recent years, Intelligent/smart polymeric materials (e.g., poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm)) which can respond to external stimuli, such as temperature and pH, in volume or shape have received considerable interest because of their applications in the field of biomaterials, biomedicine and biotechnology3,4. Plant oils are the suitable starting materials for polymers because of their abundance and potential biodegradability and the rich chemistry that their triglyceride structure provides5,6.

Considering the above, thermoresponsive plant oil-based PNIPAM cryogels were synthesized at different compositions of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with methacrylated soybean oil (MSO) or methacrylated linseed oil (MLO) as a functional comonomer by cryogelation. Characterization of Polymethacryloyl soybean oil-co-Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PMSO-co-PNIPAM) and polymethacryloyl linseed oil-co-Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PMLO-co-PNIPAM) cryogels was performed by FTIR, 1H NMR, SEM, EDX, thermal analysis (TGA, DSC) and swelling studies. Thermoresponsive plant oil based PNIPAM cryogels can be played an important role in potential applications such as biomaterials, bioengineering and biotechnology.

Keyword - Cryogel, PNIPAm, Soybean Oil, Linseed Oil.

References

1) Lozinsky, V. I., Galaev, I. Y., Plieva, F. M., Savina, I. N., Jungvid, H. and Mattiasson, B. Trends in Biotechnology Vol.21 No.10 October 2003.

2) Okay O. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2000, 25, 711–779, 3) Bölgen, N.; Aguilar, M. R.; Fernández, M. D. M.; Flores, S. G.; Rodil, S. V.; Román, J. S.; Pişkin E. Nanomed. and

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012041: XIV Int. Conference on Small-Angle Scattering (SAS09)5) Acar, M., Çoban, S., Hazer, B., J. of Macromol. Sci., Part A: Pure and Appl. Chem., 2013, 50, 287–296.6) Çakmaklı B. 5th Int. Symp. on Innov. Tech. in Eng. and Sci. 2017 (ISITES2017 Baku-Azerbaijan) 1873-1882.

AcknowledgmentThis work was financially supported by Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Research Fund.

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