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Essential Biology 6.5 Nerves, Hormones, Homeostasis Due Date:Student Name: Candidate Number: 002171-

Blog resource: http://wp.me/P7lr1-bu Click4Biology: http://tinyurl.com/2c3cga6

Cite all sources using the CSE method (or ISO 690 Numerical in Word). The first example has been done for you. Highlight all objective 1 command terms in yellow and complete these before class. Highlight all objective 2 and 3 command terms in green – these will be part of the discussions in class. After class, go back and review them.

Complete the self-assessment rubric before submitting to Moodle. Avoid printing this if possible.

1. Define the following:

Central nervous system The brain and spinal cord. (1)Peripheral nervous systemNeuronSynapseNeurotransmitterResting potentialAction potential

2. State the name and function of each of the labeled structures of this motor neuron.

A = DendriteFunction:

B = Function:

C= Function:

D = Function:

E = Function: speeds up propagation of action potential and saves energy

F = Function:

Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com

http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com/

http://tinyurl.com/2c3cga6

http://wp.me/P7lr1-bu


3. This diagram shows a simple reflex arc. Identify the structures labeled A-D and state the actions 1-3.

A

B

C

D

1

2

3

4. Resting potential is the electrical potential across the membrane of a neuron that is not conducting an impulse. It is used to repolarize (reset) a neuron in between impulses. a. List two ions used in neurons.

b. Define electrical potential

c. State the specific method of membrane transport used to maintain resting potential

d. Explain how a resting potential is maintained, including why it is negative. Sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron By




5. Action potential (AP) is the depolarization and repolarization of the neuron to conduct an electrical impulse. a. Use the following cues to explain how an AP is transmitted along the neuron.

Resting potential Is maintained through...Depolarisation Is trigged by…Which causesVoltage-gated Na+ channels“all or nothing response”K+ channelsRefractory period

b. Explain the significance of the labeled features of this graph, showing an action potential.

1

2

3

4

5

c. Outline how a one-way direction of nerve impulse is maintained.

d. Compare resting potential and action potentials.

Resting potential Action potential

Also known as… -polarisation - polarisation

Internal potential is… (positive/ negative)

Sodium ions are…

Potassium ions are…

Membrane proteins used(voltage-gated sodium channels or sodium potassium pump?)




6. A synapse is a junction between neurons. This is a small gap between the terminal end of the pre-synaptic neuron and the dendritic end of the post-synaptic neuron. The electrical signal of the action potential is converted to a chemical signal, which passes across the synapse and stimulates an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron. Whew. a. Label these features of the synapse.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

b. Explain the process of synaptic transmission, referring to all of the labeled structures above. AP reaches terminal end of pre-synaptic neuron This causes voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to open

c. Explain the need for high numbers of mitochondria in the pre-synaptic neuron.

d. Predict the effect of a drug which acts as a competitive inhibitor of a neurotransmitter.




7. Define the following.

Endocrine systemHormoneGlandTarget cellHomeostasisNegative feedback

8. State the function of the following hormones

InsulinGlucagonAdrenalinTestosteroneFSHLHOestrogenProgesteroneHCGOxytocin

9. List five internal conditions in the human body maintained through homeostasis.

10. Explain how homeostasis is based on a system of negative feedback control.




11. Complete the flow chart below to show how the hypothalamus controls body temperature through hormones. What are the body’s responses?

12. Blood glucose levels are maintained by hormones produced in the pancreas. Complete the table to show glucoregulation.

High Blood Sugar Low Blood Sugar

Pancreatic cells used Beta cells

…which secrete…

… carried in blood to…. &

… causing conversion of..

… to …

Overall effect: Glucose removed from blood Glucose released into blood




13. Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which regulation of blood glucose is difficult. Distinguish between type I and type II diabetes.

Type I Type IICause

Effect

Risk factors

Treatment

14. Explain how we can tell from this table that the patient is diabetic.

15. Distinguish between nerves and hormones.

Nerves Hormones

Route Direct from coordinator to effectorThrough: From: To:

Signal type Chemical

Time to take action longer

Duration of effects

16. Identify the part of the brain are nerve impulses converted to hormonal signals.




17. Complete the steps below to show how the nervous and endocrine systems work together to regulate body temperature.

Stimulus

Sensory neuron

Relay

Effector

Hormone 1

Gland

Target cells

Effect Release of Thyroid hormone

Target cells

Effect



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