Academia Santa Rosa

Mr. Sanchez

History

10TH grade

Name: __________________________________ #-______ Date: ________________________

In this review you can add more information or use it as a guide for your own.

I. Defining History 101 :

History in The Royal Academy of Spain: Narration and exposition of past occurrences that are worthy of memory, be it public or private.

History in The Britannica Encyclopedia: The discipline that studies the chronological record of events (as affecting a nation or people), based on a critical examination of source materials and usually presenting an explanation of their causes.

Sources:

Primary Secondary TertiaryHistorical Document Videos, Documentaries Wikipedia

Original Motion Picture Peer-reviewed articles, booksOriginal Music Encyclopedias

MLA: Stands for Modern Language Association Sanchez, Luis. "History of Puerto Rico." History. 1st ed. Vol. 2. Bayamon: Academia Santa Rosa,

2015. 190. Print. Last Name, First Name. Book Title. Edition, Volume. City: Publisher, Page Numbers. Printed or

digital

II. Defining History

What is History for video: History matters because can provide us with solutions with many problems of the present. Is there to introduce us to some of the things we need but that aren’t suffiently visible in the

world today. History teaches that things can change. Those who don’t know history are doomed to repeat.

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History is full of is mistakes and teach us courage. Those who don’t know History won’t be able to improve the present. History ends up as a tool for the appreciation and some of our advantages Wich is easy to miss. Teach us to judge our society against other societies rather against our ideals.

Geography:

The central part is mountainous. The north coast has a belt of limestone and karst topography. The Southeastern coast has coastal plains. Alluvium filled valleys are present in the intermittently periphery pf the Island.

Seismic Activity in Puerto Rico

Hispaniola Trench Puerto Rico Trench

One of the most destructive seismic activity in Puerto Rico was in 1918.

III. Americas Backyard Occupied by the US in 1897 and labeled by a self-government common wealth. One of the

world’s last colony. All the important aspects of Puerto Rican life are still decided in Washington D.C. It’s a property of the US. Also Puerto Rican people has fight in many US wars. Initiative for independence has been met with repression and violence The United States believe in manifest destiny, is a belief that Americans were destined to

expand across the whole continent.

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In 1904 President Theodore Roosevelt declared that the United States has the right to intervening in the internal affairs of Latin America. ( this meant that if any American country don’t behave it should be spanked)

Puerto Rico was domain by the Spaniards for more than 400 years. In 1897 Puerto Rico was given the right to govern over its affairs although still over the rule of

the king of Spain. 5 months later Spain and US went to war. American forces occupied Puerto Rico and sing the

treaty of Paris with Spain in Wich stated that all Puerto Rican affairs were to be decided by the US Congress that treaty is still valid.

Most people see in the annexation the financial security. In 1900 gave Puerto Rico its own House of Representatives. The building resemble

Washington’s. But still over ruled by the US. President Theodore Roosevelt recommended that Puerto Rican became US citizens. Puerto

Rican legislators disapprove it. But in 1917 the congress decided that all Puerto Ricans became US citizens.

One more lately the US enter to the First World War and when the US citizenship was imposed with it came all military laws. (Obligatory military service) whoever broke that law will be ended up sentenced to prison in the US.

20,000 Puerto Ricans where sent to the Great War. In the Korean War almost 800 Puerto Rican died. In Vietnam 65,000 Puerto Ricans were sent ( sent more soldiers that in any state)

During the 1970s Jose Paraletizi an Academic Historian got involved in the protest against US militarism especially with the Vietnam War also he was against of the military teaching in University.

In 1971 the EXTREME RIGTH place a bomb on the faculty of Social Sciences in the UPR. The Right associated the social science students with the radical left. Puerto Rico’s left has historically been identified with the national movement. In 1937 in Ponce nationalist has organized a march to commemorate the abolition of slavery the

governor of Puerto Rico ordered the police to open fire at the demonstrators and there was 22 dead and around 197 injured.

IV. Puerto Rico’s Economy

GPD per capita: $28,500 (2013 est.) GPD real grow rate: -0.6% (2013 est.) GPD composition by sector of origin:

agriculture: 0.7% industry: 48.5% Services: 50.8% (2014 est.)

GPD composition by end use: household consumption: 89.4% government consumption: 14.7% investment in fixed capital: 13.4% investment in inventories: 1% exports of goods and services: 108.7%

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imports of goods and services: -127.2% Industries: pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, tourism Agriculture: sugarcane, coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas; livestock products, chicken Labor Force: 1.139 million (December 2014 est.) Labor Force by occupation:

agriculture: 2.1% industry: 19% Services: 79% (2005 est.)

Unemployment Rate: 13.7% (December 2014 est.) Debt External: $56.82 billion (31 December 2010 est.) Electricity from fossil fuel: 97.2% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)

V. Puerto Rico Economics Facts:

In 1940, agriculture represented 33.7 percent of total net income, while manufacturing had 12.8 percent of the total.

In 2002 agriculture composed 1.0 percent of total net income while manufacturing made up 45.7 percent of the total.

The financial sector is the second largest sector, with 15.0 percent of total net income. During 4 decades structural changes have occurred, as is the case of the manufacturing sector. In the last ten years this structural change intensified with the significant reduction of labor-

intensive industries and the development of capital-intensive industries but also biotechnology. The new century poses new challenges that need to be addressed with innovative strategies,

which would allow the economy to evolve and compete in today's globalized economy. The country has enjoyed fiscal autonomy with respect to the United States since the creation of

the commonwealth, which implies that residents of Puerto Rico do not pay federal income taxes.

In addition, the authorities have begun to implement a more efficient system to deal with regulations and permits, helping to the development of new businesses and to the entrepreneurial climate of the country.

VI. The Fall of Puerto Rico Puerto Rico debt obligation is 72 Billion, is four times that of Detroit. Detroit was the largest

US city to file for bankruptcy, but as a common wealth Puerto Rico does not have that option under the US constitution.

Puerto Rico government bonds are currently trading in the US municipal bond market. The vast majority of Greek debt is in the hands of the international monetary fund. $350 billion in Greek debt only 14 billion is owed to the US. The vast majority of the debt is in US holdings. About 60% of the island bonds are owned by traditional municipal bond investors and the

rest in hands of fund and other crossover investors. Puerto Rican bonds were very popular because of their high yields and common wealth the

triple tax exemption: exempt from federal state and local taxes in all 50 states. Because of that there was a high demand of Puerto Rican debt.

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The economic crisis in Puerto Rico sets the stage for an unprecedented test of the US municipal bond market. In Wich cities and states rely on to finance even the most basic government services.

The crisis will assuredly raise the borrowing cost for cities and state government as investors become more wary of lending.

A debt default would likely leave the island, creditors and residents in a massive quagmire like the crisis in Europe.

VII. Notebook

August 11 Karst topography is a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as

limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. Alluvium the deposit of sand, mud, etc., formed by flowing water.

August 14 Hyetography is the study in Wich the past had been investigated. Memory: could be individual or collective. Individual is associated whit personal social action.

The collective is created by the sum of individual memory. A source has to need Authenticity, compatibility and reliability.

August 18 The primary sources are evidence that is contemporary to the fact you are writing about. The secondary sources are text written after the period where the topic took place, Public documents are created by the states institutions, data collected through the time. Archives are municipal states or private. The relationship between history and others disciplines are the understanding of nature and

social phenomenon, as time passed different areas of interest led to the creation of specialized research.

August 19 Karl Marx Historical Materialism

Cuba is an Embargo

China and Russia went from feudalism to communism

The Cuban Rev. went from capitalism to communism

Anthropology: Study of culture

Sociology is the study of society

Ethnography is the study of Ethnicity

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Slaves

Revolt

Feudalism

Revolt

Capitalization

Revolt

Capitalism

Revolt

Communism

Revolt

August 20 Historical Reports are based on written sources belong to the European Academic

Tradition. When in societies does not exist written is called non literature. Universal History:

1. Before History2. Ancient history it divides in two: classic and late Ancient3. Middle ages it divides in three: alta, baja y crisis de la edad media4. Modern Age from xvi to xvii5. Contemporary age from xix to xxi

Organizing the past is known as chronology, way of studding antecedents and subsequent elements.

In the 18th century where the works of Fray Íñigo Abbad y LA sierra the first historian to do research of Puerto Rico. Named Civil and Natural History of the island of San Juan Bautista of Puerto Rico. Also Alejandro Tapia and Rivera made researches of Puerto Rico.

Salvador Bray conducted inquiries into Spanish Archives that allow him to establish different arguments Wich to date are reproduced by historians. Wrote that story in a romanticism and nationalism way.

Ones of the most recognized works are from Cayetano Coll y Toste that has primary sources for the Study of Puerto Rico.

Arturo Morales, Aida Caro Costa, Isabel Gutierrez and Luis M. Diaz construct historical narratives based on what the document said.

In 1940s Puerto Rico’s History was studied professionally. In 1970s the new Puerto Rican History was led by Fernando Pico Gervasio, Angel A. Gutierrez,

Andres Ramos and Francisco Scarano. Present Historiaras: Maria del C. Vaerga, Mayra Rosario Urritia, Pedro L San Miguel and Carlos

Pabon.

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