· Web viewA local recreation center has received funding to build a swimming pool. After...
Transcript of · Web viewA local recreation center has received funding to build a swimming pool. After...
8th Grade Physical Science Unit 1: Energy Review (1/7/2016) [5194]
Student
Class
Date
1. When one end of a short metal bar is heated, the opposite end will eventually become hot. Which of the following processes transfers the heat through the bar?
A. condensat
ion
B. conducti
on
C. convecti
on
D. radiati
on
2. A log was burned in a fireplace. Which statement is true about the leftover ashes when they are compared to the original unburned log?
A. The ashes have more mechanical energy than the unburned log.
B. The ashes occupy the same amount of space as the unburned log.
C. The ashes have less chemical
energy than the unburned log.
D. The ashes have the same molecular structure as the unburned log.
3. An incomplete energy transformation diagram is shown below.
Wind turns a turbine and creates electricity. Which types of energy complete this energy transformation diagram for the turbine?
A. X: solar energy Y: mechanical
energy
B. X: mechanical energy Y:
nuclear energy
C. X: chemical energy Y: solar
energy
D. X: nuclear energy Y: chemical
energy
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4. An insulated bottle keeps a cold liquid in the bottle cold by
A. destroying any heat that enters
the bottle
B. keeping cold energy within
the bottle
C. trapping dissolved air in
the liquid
D. slowing the transfer of heat into
the bottle
5. A local recreation center has received funding to build a swimming pool. After construction, the center will be responsible for all costs associated with pool operation. As a result, the center must consider a variety of design options, including pool size, location and heating.
Where should hot water enter the pool to better heat the water?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
6. Which of these is an example of chemical energy being converted into thermal energy?
A. water
boiling
B. butter
melting
C. candles
burning
D. steam
condensing
7. The diagram shown represents a closed energy system. The system contains equal masses of air, copper, granite, and water in a perfectly insulated container. The temperatures were taken at the time the materials were placed in the closed system.
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How will the temperatures of the materials change over an extended period of time?
A. The temperature of each
material will decrease.
B. The temperature of each
material will remain constant.
C. Warmer materials will get warmer and cooler materials will get cooler.
D. All of the materials will reach
the same temperature.
8. Four containers of water with different temperatures are placed on a table as shown below. The temperature of the room is 25°C.
After four hours, which beaker of water will have exchanged the most heat energy with the environment?
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
9. A cup of water at 40°C and a cup of water at 5°C are left on a table. Which graph correctly shows the temperature of the two cups of water as time passes?
A.
B.
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C.
D.
10.
A pot of cold water was heated on a stove until the water boiled. Which of the following best explains why the water was able to boil?
A. The hot stove absorbed cold
from the pot.
B. The cold water absorbed heat
from the pot.
C. The hot stove gave off heat to
the surrounding air.
D. The cold water gave off cold to
the surrounding air.
11 Four different-colored blocks are
. placed outside in bright sunlight. The blocks are identical except for color. The diagram below shows the amount of light reflected from each block.
Which block will increase in temperature most rapidly?
A. block
1
B. block
2
C. block
3
D. block
4
12.
When a steel block at 100°C is placed on top of a copper block at 20°C, the thermal energy of the copper begins to increase. Which of the following is the source of this increase in energy?
A. the work done by the
molecules within the copper
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B. the work done by the
interaction of the two metals
C. heat flowing by means of
conduction
D. heat flowing by means of
radiation
13.
The sequence of energy changes shown in the diagram explains which event?
A. A flashlight is
on.
B. A candle
burns.
C. Gasoline burns to power
a car.
D. Electric current runs a
refrigerator.
14.
Which of the following statements
best describes the energy transformation that occurs when a log burns?
A. Mechanical energy changes to
chemical energy.
B. Chemical energy changes to
heat and light energy.
C. Heat and light energy changes
to chemical energy.
D. Mechanical energy changes to
heat and ligth energy.
15.
To interpret sound in the environment, the human ear must first convert mechanical energy to —
A. heat
energy
B. electrochemical
energy
C. nuclear
energy
D. hydroelectric energy
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16.
A flowing stream contains water at 18°C. Cans of soft drinks at 28°C are lowered into the stream. Which of the following will most likely occur?
A. The soft drink cans will absorb cold energy from the stream's water.
B. The cans will cool until their temperature is the same as the stream's.
C. The temperature of the soft drinks will not change since the cans are sealed.
D. The temperature of the cans will decrease to freezing as long as the stream is flowing.
17.
The surface of a heated metal object measures 120°C. It is dropped into a bucket filled with water measuring 10°C. Which of the following is most likely to occur?
A. Both the water and metal will adjust to the same temperature below 10°C.
B. The water and metal will adjust to different temperatures above 120°C.
C. The water will remain the same temperature, but the metal will cool to 10°C.
D. The water and metal will adjust to the same temperature between 10°C and 120°C.
18.
Which of the following is designed to convert energy into mechanical work?
A. Electric
fan
B. Kerosene
heater
C. Flashlig
ht
D. Baking
oven
19.
Which of the following is the main reason water at the surface of the ocean is warmer than water at the bottom of the ocean?
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A. Water at the bottom of the ocean contains more dissolved solids.
B. Water at the surface of the ocean absorbs more energy from the Sun.
C. Friction is created by fast moving currents at the surface of the ocean.
D. Wave action transfers heat from the bottom of the ocean to the surface.
20.
A student in a laboratory transfers a beaker containing a hot solution from the lab table to a cool water bath. Which of the following parts of the system experiences an increase in heat energy?
A. beak
er
B. lab
table
C. soluti
on
D. water
bath
21.
Which of the following represents the input/output energy forms for a stereo system?
A. Input: Motion
Output: Sound only
B. Input: Motion
Output: Sound and heat only
C. Input: Electricity
Output: Motion and sound only
D. Input: Electricity
Output: Motion, sound, and heat
22.
The illustration below represents an experiment in which a hot object is added to a container of water at room temperature.
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The water is continuously stirred while the hot object is immersed in it. Which of the following graphs best shows the temperature changes that follow?
A.
B.
C.
D.
23.
A teacher put one test tube of 50°C liquid and one test tube of 10°C liquid into a 20°C water bath, as shown in the diagram below.
Which of the following diagrams best represents the directions that heat will mvoe when the test tubes are placed into the water bath?
A.
B.
C.
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D.
24.
Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by conduction?
A. a whole metal spoon getting hot when one end is in hot soup
B. the inside of a car in the sun
getting very hot
C. a tar road getting hotter in the
sun than a concrete sidewalk
D. a fireplace fire heating a room
on a cold day
25.
The transfer of heat that occurs from the movement of liquids or gases of different densities causes convection currents. Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by convection?
A. A hot wood stove heats an
entire room
B. The handle of a pot that is
being heated becomes warm.
C. A teaspoon in a glass of hot tea
becomes warm.
D. The coils of a toaster
becomne red.
26.
Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy.Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?
A. fa
n
B. lam
p
C. radi
o
D. stov
e
27 An incandescent light bulb is shown
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. below.
A typical incandescent light bulb has an energy efficiency of about ten percent. What is the meaning of this statement?
A. Ten percent of the bulb's light
energy becomes heat energy.
B. Ten percent of the energy used
by the bulb becomes light energy.
C. The bulb uses ten percent less
electrical energy than other bulbs.
D. The bulb will save ten percent
on electrical energy costs per year.
28.
When a light bulb is turned on, energy changes from one form to another. Which of the following best describes this change?
A. sound energy to light
energy
B. nuclear energy to light
energy
C. electrical energy to light
energy
D. magnetic energy to light
energy
29.
When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?
A. heat
energy
B. light
energy
C. mechanical
energy
D. sound
energy
30.
Household appliances convert electricity into one or more different forms of energy. An electric fan can best be described as converting electricity into
A. heat energy
only
B. heat energy and sound
energy only
C. heat energy, sound energy and
mechanical energy only
D. heat energy, sound energy,
mechanical energy, and chemical energy
31 Which of the following statements
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. best explains how heat flows by conduction?
A. A large mass of air begins to
move faster.
B. Energy is transferred by
electromagnetic waves.
C. Energy is transferred from
molecule to molecule.
D. A large mass of warm air rises,
replacing the cooler air above.
32.
A chemist multiplies the temperature of a chemical reaction by the entropy change. The chemist subtracts this quantity from the enthalpy change of the reaction. Which of the following quantities has the chemist calculated?
A. The energy that is unavailable
for useful work
B. The amount of heat energy
added to the reaction
C. The maximum amount of work
that can be extracted from this reaction
D. The heats of formation of the
products minus the heats of formation of the reactants
33.
A student rapidly rubs the palms of both hands together. Which sequence correctly describes the
energy transformations that occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
34.
A container of cold water is dumped into a larger container of hot water. It is mixed and then left alone for a long time interval. The water temperature is found to
A. randomly vary from region to
region in the container.
B. be uniform throughout the
container.
C. fluctuate at all positions in the
container.
D. be greater at the bottom of the
container.
35.
Which of the following energy sources converts the potential energy of stored water into kinetic energy?
A. biofuel
s
B. solar
energy
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C. geothermal
power
D. hydroelectric
ity
36.
What energy resource can be gained directly from a river?
A. bioga
s
B. fossil
fuel
C. hydroelect
ric
D. geother
mal
37.
The nuclear process in which a uranium nucleus is split into two or more fragments is —
A. fusio
n
B. fissio
n
C. combusti
on
D. transmutat
ion
38 The production of larger atomic
. nuclei built up from smaller atomic nuclei is called —
A. fissio
n
B. fusio
n
C. compositi
on
D. reducti
on
39.
What is the process by which the energy in the sun is produced?
A. Thermal
fission
B. Nuclear
fission
C. Nuclear
fusion
D. Radioactive
decay
40.
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about nuclear fission?
A. It is used to generate
electricity for commercial use.
B. It is responsible for most of the
energy produced by the sun.
C. It produces waste materials
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that can be highly radioactive.
D. It is the splitting of an atomic
nucleus into two or more fragments.
41.
Which of the following statements regarding nuclear fusion is NOT true?
A. It results in the conversion of
mass to energy.
B. It requires extremely high
temperatures to occur.
C. It produces neutrons capable
of sustaining a chain reaction of fusion reactions.
D. It occurs when several small nuclei of small mass combine to form a single nucleus of larger mass.
42.
The process by which several nuclei with small masses are combined to form a single nucleus with a larger mass is known as nuclear —
A. fusio
n
B. fissio
n
C. mass
defect
D. binding
energy
43.
Which of the following statements about nuclear power plants is true?
A. They convert heat energy
into steam.
B. They do not produce
dangerous byproducts.
C. They release greenhouse
gases.
D. They require energy from
the sun.
44.
The advent of gasoline-powered car engines was not possible without knowledge of which of the following scientific concepts?
A. Nucleati
on
B. Combusti
on
C. Metal
corrosion
D. Gravitational
fields
45.
The Silicon Valley refers to an area in California located near Stanford University, a school known for its many achievements in scientific research. The area became known as the Silicon Valley because of the
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region's large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers. The formation of the Silicon Valley near Stanford University was not an accident, rather it was an example of —
A. technology leading to
economic decline
B. science leading to
technological advances
C. science leading to more
scientific advancement
D. technology leading to more
technological advancement
46.
The United States designed and built bombs during World War II with the belief that Germany was also building atomic bombs. What was the name of this project?
A. The Fat Man
Project
B. The Manhattan
Project
C. The Oppenheimer
Project
D. The Trinity
Project
47.
In 1939, Leo Szilard performed experiments that proved that uranium fission, triggered by bombardment with neutrons, released more neutrons than were
absorbed. Why did Szilard attempt to keep this discovery secret?
A. He feared his discovery would
be used to create nuclear weapons.
B. He hoped to protect his fellow
scientists from radiation poisoning.
C. He thought he would anger his
religious friends if he claimed to have created new elements.
D. He thought scientists would not accept his results because they had not yet accepted the existence of neutrons.
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