Web-testing

automation Selenium IDE

Maryna Didkovska

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To Automate or Not to Automate?

That is the Question!

Test automation supports:

Frequent regression testing

Rapid feedback to developers during the development process

Virtually unlimited iterations of test case execution

Customized reporting of application defects

Support for Agile and eXtreme development methodologies

Disciplined documentation of test cases

Finding defects missed by manual testing

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Selenium Components Selenium is composed of three major tools. Each one has a specific role in aiding the development of web.

These tools are:

Selenium-IDE;

Selenium Remote Control (RC); Selenium WebDriver

Selenium Grid;

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Selenium

Selenium is a robust set of tools that supports rapid

development of test automation for web-based

applications.

It is open source software, released under the Apache 2.0

license and can be downloaded and used without

charge.

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Selenium-IDE

Selenium-IDE (Integrated

Development Environment) is a

Firefox add-on that records clicks,

typing, and other actions to make

a test, which you can play back

in the browser.

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Selenium-RC

Selenium Remote Control

(RC) is a test tool that

allows to write automated

web application UI tests in

any programming

language against any HTTP

website using any

mainstream JavaScript-

enabled browser.

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Selenium Grid Selenium Grid extends Selenium RC to distribute your tests

across multiple servers, saving you time by running tests in

parallel, cutting down on the time it takes to test multiple

browsers or operating systems.

With Selenium-Grid, multiple instances of Selenium-RC are

running on various operating system and browser

configurations.

Installation

http://seleniumhq.org/download/

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Open the IDE

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Building Test Cases During recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert

commands into your test case based on your actions.

Typically, this will include:

clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands

entering values - type command

selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select

command

clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command

Task 1

Record script with following steps:

Open http://www.google.com.ua/

Search for web application testing

Goto Selenium site

Playback it

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Base url :

http://www.google.com.ua/

Open /

type id=lst-ib web application

testing

clickAndWait name=btnK

clickAndWait

link=Selenium web

application testing

system

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Running Test Cases Run a Test Case

Run a Test Suite

Stop and Start

Stop in the Middle

Start from the Middle

To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from

the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.

Run Any Single Command

Double-click any single command to run it by itself.

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Using Base URL to Run Test

Cases in Different Domains

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Selenium Commands –

Selenese

Selenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing

your web-application in virtually any way you can imagine.

A command is what tells Selenium what to do.

The command set is often called selenese.

These commands essentially create a testing language.

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Selenium Basics Selenium commands come in three “flavors”:

Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.

Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”.

Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.

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Assertions All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”

“verify” “waitFor”

When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. “waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true. They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting.

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Script Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and

two parameters. For example:

The parameters are not always required; it depends on the

command.

Here are a couple more examples:

Command Target Value

verifyText //div//a[2] Login

Command Target Value

goBackAndWait

verifyTextPresent Welcome to My Home

Page

type id=phone (555) 666-7066

type id=phone ${myVariableAddress}

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Parameters

Parameters vary, however they are typically:

a locator for identifying a UI element within a page.

a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page

content.

a text pattern or a selenium variable for entering text in

an input field or for selecting an option from an option

list.

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Locators For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format

locatorType=location.

Locator Types:

id (id=loginForm);

name (name=username);

xpath (xpath=/html/body/form[1]);

link (link=Cancel);

dom (dom=document.forms[0]);

css (css=input.required[type="text"]);

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Commonly Used Selenium

Commands

open opens a page using a URL

click/clickAndWait performs a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load

verifyTitle/assertTitle verifies an expected page title

verifyTextPresent verifies expected text is somewhere on the page

verifyElementPresent verifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the

page

verifyText verifies expected text and it’s corresponding HTML tag are present on the

page

waitForPageToLoad pauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically

when clickAndWait is used

waitForElementPresent pauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is

present on the page

Matching Text Patterns -

Globbing Patterns Globbing is fairly limited. Only two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:

* which translates to “match anything,” i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.

[ ] (character class) which translates to “match any single character found inside the square brackets.” A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set).

examples:

[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel

[0-9] matches any digit

[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character

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example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was “Film/Television Department”; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to “Film & Television Department” or “Film and Television Department”. The glob pattern’s asterisk will match “anything or nothing” between the word “Film” and the word “Television”.

The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was “De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu”. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words “Film” and “Television” appear (in that order) anywhere in the page’s title.

Command Target Value

click link=glob:Film*Television Department

verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*

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Regular Expression Patterns PATTERN MATCH

. any single character

[ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets

* quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)

+ quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)

? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)

{1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)

| alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right

( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier

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Command Target Value

click link=regexp:Film.*Television

Department

verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*

Command Target Value

open http://weather.yahoo.com/for

ecast/USAK0012.html

verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-

9]{2} [ap]m

Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces

[0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)

: The character : (no special characters involved)

[0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space

[ap]m “a” or “p” followed by “m” (am or pm)

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Exact Patterns

select //select regexp:Real \*

select //select exact:Real *

It uses no special characters at all. So, if you

needed to look for an actual asterisk character

(which is special for both globbing and regular

expression patterns), the exact pattern would be

one way to do that.

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Store Commands and

Selenium Variables

Command Target Value

store paul@mysite.org userName

Command Target Value

verifyText //div/p ${userName}

Command Target Value

type id=login ${userName}

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A little bit more about store storeElementPresent

This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value–”true” or “false”–depending on whether the UI element is found.

storeText

StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locater to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.

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echo - The Selenese Print

Command

Selenese has a simple command that allows

you to print text to your test’s output. This is

useful for providing informational progress

notes in your test which display on the

console as your test is running.

Command Target Value

echo Testing page

footer now.

echo Username is

${userName}

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What to test? The simplest type of test, a content test, is a simple test for the existence of a static, non-changing, UI element. For instance Does each page have its expected page title?

This can be used to verify your test found an expected page after following a link.

Does the application’s home page contain an image expected to be at the top of the page?

Does each page of the website contain a footer area with links to the company contact page, privacy policy, and trademarks information?

Does each page begin with heading text using the <h1> tag? And, does each page have the correct text within that header?

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Verify

Command Target Value

verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis

Command Target Value

verifyElementPresent //div/p

verifyElementPresent id=Login

verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research

Command Target Value

verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.

Alt : // ~ css=

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Task 2

Open http://seleniumhq.org

Goto link http://seleniumhq.org/download/

Assure that Title of the new page is

Downloads, when not – stop testing

Verify that text Download is present on the

page and is used with h2 tag

Assure that in table language Ruby is present

on the page, when not – stop testing

Verify that version 2.25.0 is written in the table

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Tips and Tricks

Do I only check that the text exists on the page? (verify/assertTextPresent)

Do I only check that the HTML element exists on the page? That is, the text, image, or other content is not to be checked, only the HTML tag is what is relevant. (verify/assertElementPresent)

Must I test both, the element and it’s text content? (verify/assertText)

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Task 3

Open http://www.google.com.ua/

Search for web application testing

Goto Selenium site

Save PageTitle of Selenium page into

variable – (store)

Print out the value of this variable (echo)

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Task 4 Go to

http://demo.opensourcecms.com/wordpress/wp-login.php

Enter “admin” in the “Username” field

Enter “demo123″ in the “Password” field

Click on the “Log In” button

Verify that the text “Howdy, admin” is present

Click on the “Posts” link

Click on the “Add New” button

Type “Selenium Demo Post” in the title field

Click on the “Publish” button

Verify that the text “Post published” is present

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Location Strategy the element ID

the element name attribute

an Xpath statement

document object model (DOM)

Generally, using an ID locator is more efficient as it makes your test code

more readable. Using the name attribute also has similar advantages.

These also give the best performance. Xpath statements have been

known to be slow in Internet Explorer due to limations of IE’s Xpath

processor.

Sometimes you must use an Xpath or DOM locator , i.e. if the page source

does not have an ID or name attribute.

There is an advantage to using Xpath or DOM, you can locate an object

with respect to another object on the page.

For example, if there is a link that must occur within the second paragraph

within a <div> section, you can use Xpath or DOM to specify this. With ID

and name locators, you can only specify that they occur on the page–

somewhere on the page. If you must test that an image displaying the

company logo appears at the top of the page within a header section

Xpath may be the better locator.

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Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the

currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in

the currently selected Selenium command. This is useful

when building a locator for a command’s first parameter

(see the section on locators in the Selenium Commands

chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies

a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type,

and certain assert and verify commands, among others.

From Table view, select any command that has a locator

parameter. Click the Find button. Now look on the

webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle

enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.

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Locator Assistance

Selenium and Javascript JavaScript can also be used to help generate

values for parameters, even when the

parameter is not specified to be of type script.

Special syntax is required–the JavaScript snippet

must be enclosed inside curly braces and

preceded by the label javascript, as in

javascript {*yourCodeHere*}.

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Command Target Value

store league of nations searchString

type q

javascript{storedVars[‘se

archString’].toUpperCase

()}

Task 5 Goto

http://www.theautomatedtester.co.uk/tutorials/selenium/Selenium_JavaScript.htm

Enter numbers into each of the text boxes and then click on one of the buttons

Compare it against what we think the answer is going to be. For this we need to use the verifyEval or assertEval commands. Your next step in the script should look a lot like the following: verifyEval | javascript{1+1} | ${total}

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TBC…

See you next week!

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