Weather. What do we know about weather? How do people measure and predict the weather?
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Transcript of Weather. What do we know about weather? How do people measure and predict the weather?
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Weather
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What do we know about weather?
How do people measure and predict the weather?
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Meteorologist
• A scientist who studies the weather• What kind of tools do they use?
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Thermometer
• Used to measure temperature• measures the kinetic energy of air
molecules• Fahrenheit & Celsius thermometers
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Anemometer
• Measures wind speed• a system of gears converts the number of
turns per minute into wind speed
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Hygrometer
• Measures humidity• the moisture in the air
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Weather Vane
• Measures wind direction• changes in wind usually lead to change in
weather
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Barometer
• Measures air pressure• high pressure = clear cool skies• low pressure = cloudy skies, moist air• extreme low pressure = stormy weather
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Cloud Conditions
• Observing clouds can tell a lot about the weather
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Cumulus
• White & puffy• fair weather
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Cirrus
• High in the sky• white• thin & wispy• fair weather
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Stratus
• Low in the sky• thick & gray• usually bring rain
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Cumulonimbus
• Tower high into the sky• gray to black• Thunderstorms, hail, tornadoes• anvil shaped
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How can rising air pressure lead to a prediction about weather?
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Air Mass
• A large body of air that has the same temperature and humidity throughout
• take on the characteristics of the region over which they form
• 4 types in the the USA
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Air Masses
– Categorized by moisture content and temperature– Moisture categories: m = maritime (wet) and c =
continental (dry)– Temperature categories: P (polar; cold), T
(Tropical; warm)
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Continental Polar
• Cool dry weather
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Continental Tropical
• Hot dry weather
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Maritime polar
• Cool humid weather
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Maritime Tropical
• Warm wet weather
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Front
• Border where two air masses meet• most weather changes occur along a front• cold front = cold air mass moves under a
warm air mass creating cumulonimbus clouds
• warm front = a warm air mass moves over a cold air mass forming stratus clouds
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What kind of air mass causes hot humid weather?
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Climate
• The regular weather pattern for a region• precipitation & temperature determine
climate• seasonal patterns• all patterns are driven by the sun• proximity to the equator determines
temperature patterns
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?????
• What is the cause of the seasons?• What are two major factors of climate?• What kind of climate would you find near
the equator?• What kind of climate would you find at the
poles?