Weather Elements
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Transcript of Weather Elements
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Weather Elements
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Summary from Lesson 2____________ is the passage of energy, particularly
heat and electricity, through an object. An example is a frying pan
____________ is the process whereby air absorbs heat energy. Warm air is forced upward as cold air flows displace the warm air.
The horizontal transfer of a heat, caused by air movement is called ________________. A good example is fog.
________________ is the rate at which the Earth’s surface is heated by solar radiation.
Conduction
Convection
Insolation
Advection
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Weather ElementsKnow basic facts and general principles of the elements of weather.1. Identify types of clouds.2. Identify types of air masses and fronts.
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Overview1. Clouds2. Air Masses and Fronts
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Low Clouds (300 – 6,500 ft)
Stratus• Sheet - like cloud.• No turbulence.• May be risen fog.• Light drizzle or snow.• Close to Earth’s
surface.• Can hide danger.
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Low CloudsStratocumulus
• Rolls or global masses.
• Bulbous protrusions.• Heavy rain and snow• Varying turbulence.• Masks higher severe
cloud buildups.
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Low Clouds
Cumulonimbus• Vertical growth
group.• Top has anvil shape.• High winds, snow,
hail, rain, lightning, and tornadoes.
• Extreme turbulence.
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Middle Clouds(6,500 – 20,000 ft)
Altostratus• Relatively thin.• Sun may be seen
through veil.• Ice crystals and
super-cooled water.• Light precipitation.• Poor surface
visibility.
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Middle CloudsAltocumulus
• Wavy solid clouds with rounded outline.
• Light intermittent rain or snow.
• Commonly followed by thunderstorms.
• Poor visibility and moderate surface winds.
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High Clouds(20,000 ft and up)Cirrus
• Thin feathery clouds.• No precipitation.• Sign of approaching
bad weather.
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High CloudsCirrocumulus
• Thin clouds.• Indicates high-level
instability.• Similar to cirrostratus
but they have a slightly “bumpy” appearance.
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Fog TypesRadiation Fog
• Formed at night when land surfaces radiate much of the heat absorbed from the Sun back into space.
• The cool land surface cools the air near it to below the dew point and fog is formed.
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Fog TypesAdvection Fog
• Formed when wind blows moist air over a cold surface.
• When the surface cools the air to its dew point temperature, fog is formed.
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Fog TypesUpslope Fog
• Results when wind carries moist air up to a mountain slope or sloping land.
• The air cools to its dew point as it rises and water vapor then condenses into fog.
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Air MassA large body of air (usually extending over
an area 1,000 or more miles across) which has generally the same temperature and moisture content within the entire mass.
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Characteristics of Air MassesCold air masses move more rapidly than
warm air masses.
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FrontsThe boundaries between air masses are
called frontal zones or fronts.• If a cold air mass replaces a warmer air mass,
the boundary is called a cold front.• If a warm air mass replaces a cold air mass,
the boundary is called a warm front.
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FrontsCold Fronts
• As warm air is forced upward, it cools, condenses into clouds, creating thunderstorms.
• Squall lines develop ahead of the front.
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FrontsWarm Fronts
• Front slips upward over cool air and forms a wedge.
• Rises slowly which delays condensation.
• As front approaches other clouds, skies darken.
• Near the frontal boundary, clouds are low, gentle rain falls and visibility is poor.
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Summary1. Clouds2. Air Masses and Fronts