Weaning from mechanical ventilation in 21 st century

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Weaning from mechanical ventilation in 21 st century Dr P K Dash SCTIMST, Trivandrum

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Weaning from mechanical ventilation in 21 st century. Dr P K Dash SCTIMST, Trivandrum. Aim of ventilatory care. Goals of mechanical ventilation. Discontinuing ventilation . Initiating ventilation . Easy Quick May not be controversial. Difficult Time consuming Controversial. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Weaning from mechanical ventilation in 21 st century

Page 1: Weaning from mechanical ventilation in 21 st  century

Weaning from mechanicalventilation in 21st century

Dr P K DashSCTIMST, Trivandrum

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Aim of ventilatory care

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Goals of mechanical ventilation

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Discontinuing ventilation

• Easy• Quick• May not be controversial

Initiating ventilation

• Difficult• Time consuming• Controversial

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Do Not Wait

Weaning from ventilationvs

Discontinuation of ventilation

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Most accepted method

• Spontaneous breathing trials–T Piece–Pressure Support–CPAP

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Pressure Support

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CPAP

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T Piece

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Most commonly used

• Partial ventilatory support– SIMV– SIMV with PS

• Less Tried– NIV– BIPAP

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SIMV with pressure support

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Evolution of Modes

• Volume control

• Pressure control

• Pressure support

• Dual control

• Algorithm based

• Knowledge based

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Considerations for Knowledge based weaning

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Knowledge based weaning

1992

2005

2006

1994

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What we need

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Adaptive support ventilation

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Adaptive support ventilation

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Adaptive support ventilation

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ASV settings

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ASV monitoring

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Smart care

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Smart care• It is a knowledge based automated weaning system.• It contains an automated clinical weaning guideline • Based on recognised medical expertise and research.

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Preconditions• patient body weight 35-200 kg• ventilator in adult mode• CPAP/ASB mode• automatic tube compensation deactivated• invasive ventilation via ETT or tracheostomy• apnoea ventilation on and properly set• end tidal CO2 monitoring through the ventilator• flow monitoring activated• ΔPASB should be between ΔPASB goal+5 and 35• PEEP 0-20

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Ventillatory setting

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Smart Care

• Zone of Respiratory Comfort– Spontaneous breathing frequency (fspn) 15-30 cycles/min, – up to 34 in patients with neurologic disease

– Spontaneous tidal volume (VT) Vt > 300 ml– 250 if weight < 55 Kg,

– Endtidal CO2 (etCO2)PetCO2< 55mmHg – 65mmHg if COPD

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Decision Tree

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Change in severity of lung illness

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Smart care working principle

• Step 1: Stabilizing within a respiratory comfort zone

• Step 2: Reducing invasiveness

• Step 3: Testing readiness for extubation

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Smart care Weaning

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Contraindications to smart care

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Neurally adjusted ventilator assist

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Trigger pointN

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-Ven

tilat

ory

Cou

plin

g Central Nervous System

Phrenic Nerve

Diaphragm Excitation

Diaphragm Contraction

Chest Wall and Lung Expansion

Airway Pressure, Flow and Volume

New

Technology

IdealTechnology

CurrentTechnology

VentilatorUnit

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Conventional triggering

Conventional ventilator technology uses a pressure drop or flow reversal to provide assistance to the patient.

This is the last step of the signal chain leading to inhalation.

This last step is subject to disturbances such as intrinsic PEEP, hyperinflation and leakage.

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Nava triggering

• The earliest signal that can be registered with a low degree of invasivity is the excitation of the diaphragm.

• The excitation of the diaphragm is independent of pneumatic influence and insensitive to the problems with pneumatic triggering technologies.

• By following diaphragm excitation and adjusting the support level in synchrony with the rise and fall of the electrical discharge, the ventilator and the diaphragm will work with the same signal input.

• In effect, this allows the ventilator to function as an extra muscle, unloading extra respiratory work induced by the disease process.

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Components

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Catheter

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Signal capture

• All muscles (including the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles) generate electrical activity to excite muscle contraction.

• The electrical activity of the diaphragm is captured by an esophageal catheter with an attached electrode array. The signal is filtered in several steps and provide the input for control of the respiratory assist delivered by the ventilator.

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Catheter verification• P and QRS waves are present on the top leads and the P-

waves disappear on the lower leads and with a decrease of the QRS-amplitude on the lower leads.

• When an Edi waveform is present, observe which leads are highlighted in blue. If the leads highlighted in blue are in the center (i.e. second and third leads), secure the Edi Catheter in this position.

• To finally verify correct positioning of the Edi Catheter press the Exp. Hold and keep the button depressed until a breathing effort is registered. A negative deflection in the pressure curve with a simultaneous positive inflection in the Edi curve verifies correct position of the Edi Catheter.

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Catheter verification

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Setting the NAVA levelNAVA preview is a help tool to set the NAVA level to reach an estimated NAVA

On the uppermost waveform (the pressure curve), there are two curves presentedsimultaneously. The gray curve shows the estimated pressure, Pest, based on theEdi signal and the set NAVA level.

NAVA preview is available in all invasive modes of ventilation except NAVA.

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Setting the Ventilator

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Benefits of NAVA

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Reintubation and Steroids

A reintubation rate of 10% is acceptable. Patients deserve a trial of extubation, and many will do well in spite of poor mechanics A high-risk population to develop post-extubation stridor and reintubation can be identified by a cuff-leak test (a low level of leak less than 110 ml or less than 25%).There is convincing evidence for giving steroid therapy at least four hours before extubation to prevent stridor and reintubation in a high-risk population.The steroid benefit remains unclear when patients are not selected.

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Thanks for your attention