We Remember: Creative Martyrology

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1 Yom Kippur Martyrology Concert 5773 By Rabbi Steven Moskowitz Introduction Before we begin I would like to thank our cantor, Talya Smilowitz, for her creative efforts in fashioning this service and concert and for leading us so expertly in prayer during these High Holidays. It is a delight to lead services with our cantor. What a joy to have our hearts lifted by her voice. I would also like to thank our musicians, most notably Natalie Tenenbaum for not only accompanying us on this Yom Kippur and Rosh Hashanah but for writing all the musical arrangements, in particular those for this service. Natalie, as well, has found her way into our hearts. She is a blessing to the JCB. One day when this afternoon’s original compositions reach an everlarger audience we will be able to say, “We first heard them here at the JCB.” And to our cellist, Wendy Law, and clarinetist, Vasko Dukovski for adding the voices of their instruments to our prayers, we thank you. For those who attended the past year’s creative martyrology services you will notice that the structure of this year’s service is similar, but all of the contemporary stories, and most of the musical selections differ. We begin our service. We begin as our tradition does with the story of Rabbi Akiva. Ele Ezkarah—these I do remember. With these words the Mahzor opens the traditional Yom Kippur service in which we remember the martyrs of our people, in particular Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Akiva was martyred nearly 2,000 years ago. He died with the words Shema Yisrael on his lips. As he was tortured by the Romans, his disciples asked, “Even now you sing praises to God?” He responded, “All my life I have sought the meaning of b’chol nafshecha—love the Lord your God with all your soul. Now I understand.” His voice rang out as the flames engulfed his body, “Shema Yisrael Adonai Eloheinu Adonai Echad.” His last breath comingled with the verse’s final letter, the dalet. A powerful story. Yet remote and far removed from our own modern experiences. Still in our own age there have been too many who have died with these words on their lips. In our own time we have seen countless martyrs of our people. Too many to recount by name. And so in this service and concert we have sought to add contemporary voices to Akiva’s. We have rewritten our tradition’s service as well because today the very word martyr has become defamed. When someone murders men, women and children it is not martyrdom. So we seek as well to recover the ancient meaning of kiddush hashem— sanctifying God’s name, dying for the sake of heaven. The meaning of martyrdom is not to cause death but to inspire life. Sacrifices are meant to inspire, to call us to do better. These deaths and the retelling of these stories are intended to rekindle our faith and in particular our Jewish faith. This was the Mahzor’s original purpose. This is our purpose as well.

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The text for our Yom Kippur afternoon creative service of remembrance.

Transcript of We Remember: Creative Martyrology

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Yom  Kippur  Martyrology  Concert  5773  By  Rabbi  Steven  Moskowitz    Introduction  Before  we  begin  I  would  like  to  thank  our  cantor,  Talya  Smilowitz,  for  her  creative  efforts  in  fashioning  this  service  and  concert  and  for  leading  us  so  expertly  in  prayer  during  these  High  Holidays.    It  is  a  delight  to  lead  services  with  our  cantor.    What  a  joy  to  have  our  hearts  lifted  by  her  voice.    I  would  also  like  to  thank  our  musicians,  most  notably  Natalie  Tenenbaum  for  not  only  accompanying  us  on  this  Yom  Kippur  and  Rosh  Hashanah  but  for  writing  all  the  musical  arrangements,  in  particular  those  for  this  service.    Natalie,  as  well,  has  found  her  way  into  our  hearts.    She  is  a  blessing  to  the  JCB.    One  day  when  this  afternoon’s  original  compositions  reach  an  ever-­‐larger  audience  we  will  be  able  to  say,  “We  first  heard  them  here  at  the  JCB.”    And  to  our  cellist,  Wendy  Law,  and  clarinetist,  Vasko  Dukovski  for  adding  the  voices  of  their  instruments  to  our  prayers,  we  thank  you.      For  those  who  attended  the  past  year’s  creative  martyrology  services  you  will  notice  that  the  structure  of  this  year’s  service  is  similar,  but  all  of  the  contemporary  stories,  and  most  of  the  musical  selections  differ.    We  begin  our  service.  We  begin  as  our  tradition  does  with  the  story  of  Rabbi  Akiva.    Ele  Ezkarah—these  I  do  remember.    With  these  words  the  Mahzor  opens  the  traditional  Yom  Kippur  service  in  which  we  remember  the  martyrs  of  our  people,  in  particular  Rabbi  Akiva.  Rabbi  Akiva  was  martyred  nearly  2,000  years  ago.    He  died  with  the  words  Shema  Yisrael  on  his  lips.    As  he  was  tortured  by  the  Romans,  his  disciples  asked,  “Even  now  you  sing  praises  to  God?”    He  responded,  “All  my  life  I  have  sought  the  meaning  of  b’chol  nafshecha—love  the  Lord  your  God  with  all  your  soul.    Now  I  understand.”    His  voice  rang  out  as  the  flames  engulfed  his  body,  “Shema  Yisrael  Adonai  Eloheinu  Adonai  Echad.”    His  last  breath  co-­‐mingled  with  the  verse’s  final  letter,  the  dalet.      A  powerful  story.    Yet  remote  and  far  removed  from  our  own  modern  experiences.    Still  in  our  own  age  there  have  been  too  many  who  have  died  with  these  words  on  their  lips.  In  our  own  time  we  have  seen  countless  martyrs  of  our  people.    Too  many  to  recount  by  name.    And  so  in  this  service  and  concert  we  have  sought  to  add  contemporary  voices  to  Akiva’s.        We  have  rewritten  our  tradition’s  service  as  well  because  today  the  very  word  martyr  has  become  defamed.    When  someone  murders  men,  women  and  children  it  is  not  martyrdom.    So  we  seek  as  well  to  recover  the  ancient  meaning  of  kiddush  hashem—sanctifying  God’s  name,  dying  for  the  sake  of  heaven.    The  meaning  of  martyrdom  is  not  to  cause  death  but  to  inspire  life.    Sacrifices  are  meant  to  inspire,  to  call  us  to  do  better.  These  deaths  and  the  retelling  of  these  stories  are  intended  to  rekindle  our  faith  and  in  particular  our  Jewish  faith.    This  was  the  Mahzor’s  original  purpose.    This  is  our  purpose  as  well.  

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 We  remember  our  history  when  we  recall  individual  stories.    And  so  this  afternoon,  we  will  remember  a  few  of  our  martyrs’  names  in  order  to  rekindle  our  memories  and  rekindle  the  flame  in  our  Jewish  souls.  Each  and  every  life  is  equally  cherished.    Certain  names  find  their  way  into  our  hearts.      1.  We  remember  Isaac  Babel.  The  modern  era  is  marked  by  questions.    Isaac  Babel  lived  a  life  of  questions.    Even  his  death  is  shrouded  in  uncertainty.    We  know  only  that  Stalin’s  secret  police  executed  him.    But  why?    Was  it  because  of  his  relationship  with  the  former  police  chief,  a  man  who  had  fallen  into  disfavor  with  his  superiors  and  who  was  executed  two  years  before?    Was  it  because  he  no  longer  wrote  and  published  works,  fearing  perhaps  that  his  writing  would  become  part  of  Soviet  propaganda?    Or  was  it  because  of  his  Jewishness?      Isaac  Babel  is  considered  one  of  the  greatest  of  Russian  writers  and  perhaps  the  greatest  Russian  Jewish  writer  ever.    Much  of  his  writing  disappeared  with  him  on  the  day  that  he  was  arrested.    His  published  words  are  few  but  are  considered  classics  to  this  day:  Red  Cavalry  and  Odessa  Tales,  both  collections  of  short  stories.    In  Red  Cavalry  especially  he  mixes  first  hand  experiences  with  his  fictional  imaginations.    Babel  himself  fought  for  the  same  Communist  cause  that  eventually  claimed  his  life.    In  earlier  years  he  fought  in  the  ranks  of  Cossack  horsemen.    His  life  was  marked  by  deep  incongruities.    Though  he  was  not  religious  he  went  to  synagogue  on  Yom  Kippur  and  always  celebrated  a  Passover  seder.    His  writing  is  steeped  with  Jewish  feeling.          He  was  born  in  Odessa,  then  the  center  of  Yiddish  and  Hebrew  literature.    He  received  a  traditional  Jewish  education  in  Hebrew,  Bible  and  Talmud  provided  mostly  by  private  tutors.    His  first  literary  efforts  were  in  French,  yet  his  mastery  of  the  art  of  literature  was  realized  in  Russian.    Throughout  his  works  his  Jewish  sensibilities  emerge.    They  hover  about  his  characters,  battling  with  their  desire  to  become  a  part  of  the  wider  culture.    But  it  appears  a  wild  culture.    The  Jewish  ethic  prevents  one  of  his  characters  from  learning  the  ways  of  violence.    In  one  of  his  harrowing  tales,  the  narrator  begs  Providence  to  grant  him  “the  simplest  of  all  proficiencies,  the  ability  to  kill  fellow  men.”    The  Jew  within  stays  his  hand.    It  his  Jewish  heart,  always  beating  just  beneath  the  surface,  that  holds  him  back  or  perhaps  keeps  him  anchored.    All  he  wants  is  to  become  like  them.    He  cannot.      Babel  is  in  many  ways  the  first  modern  Jewish  writer.    And  then  he  falls  silent.    His  execution  remains  a  mystery.    His  writing  abbreviated.    His  life,  and  death,  become  a  metaphor  for  countless  other  Russian  Jewish  lives.    He  was  among  many  Jews  who  lost  their  lives  in  Soviet  prisons,  or  who  were  tortured  mercilessly  by  the  Communist  authorities  throughout  their  years  of  rule.    It  was  not  so  long  ago  that  we  marched  on  Washington  to  demand  the  release  of  Jewish  refuseniks,  

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ordinary  men  who  were  jailed  on  trumped  up  charges,  everyday  Jews  who  were  marched  to  Siberia  for  no  crime  other  than  they  were  Jews.        For  years  I  wore  a  metal  bracelet  with  Yosef  Begun’s  name  on  it.    My  wrist  became  blackened  by  the  metal.    I  continued  to  wear  the  bracelet.    We  marched.    We  sang  with  our  brothers  and  sisters,  “Am  Yisrael  Chai!    The  Jewish  people  lives!”    A  Jewish  heart  forever  beats  in  our  souls.    Just  beneath  the  surface  it  beats  within  Babel’s.    Soon  some  were  allowed  to  leave.    Some  escaped  to  Israel.    Others  to  the  United  States.      Russian  Jews  built  their  lives  elsewhere.    Shaul  Tchernichovsky  was  also  born  in  Russia.    He  was  a  prolific  Hebrew  poet.    He  also  made  his  way  to  Palestine.    Among  his  poems  is  the  famous  Sachaki,  Sachaki.  Laugh,  laugh  at  all  my  dreams!  What  I  dream  shall  yet  come  true!  Laugh  at  my  belief  in  man,  At  my  belief  in  you.    Freedom  still  my  soul  demands,  Unbartered  for  a  calf  of  gold.  For  still  I  do  believe  in  man,  And  in  his  spirit,  strong  and  bold.    And  in  the  future  I  still  believe  Though  it  be  distant,  come  it  will  When  nations  shall  each  other  bless,  And  peace  at  last  the  earth  shall  fill.    The  Jewish  soul  is  filled  with  hope.    Modernity  mocks  its  realization.    This  poem  is  set  to  an  original  arrangement  by  our  cantor.    With  this  poem  we  remember  the  martyrdom  of  Isaac  Babel.    We  remember  Isaac  Babel,  a  Jew  murdered  by  the  Soviet  regime.    SINGING  OF  “Laugh,  Laugh”      2.  We  recall  the  memory  of  Etty  Hillesum.  For  modern  Jews  our  tragedies  are  framed  by  the  Holocaust.    Our  contemporary  stories  of  martyrdom  must  include  these  names.    There  are  too  many  to  recount.    There  are  too  many  names  we  do  not  know.    Still  there  are  stories  we  know  better  than  others.    Many  wrote  of  their  experiences.    For  a  precious  few  their  words  were  somehow  saved.    

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Etty  Hillesum  is  one  such  person.    Etty  was  born  in  1914  to  a  middle-­‐class,  assimilated  Jewish  family  living  in  Middleburg,  Netherlands.    She  was  the  oldest  of  three  children.    Depression  and  mental  illness  plagued  her  family.    Her  brothers  and  mother  suffered  from  these  diseases.    At  the  University  of  Amsterdam  Etty  studied  law,  Slavic  languages  and  psychology.    She  earned  a  law  degree  in  1939.    She  was  strongly  influenced  by  Julius  Spier,  a  psychoanalyst  from  Berlin  who  became  her  mentor  and  then  lover.    In  1940,  after  Germany’s  invasion  of  Holland,  her  studies  ended.    Soon  the  Nazis  began  rounding  up  Dutch  Jews.    The  Hillesum  family  was  taken  to  the  transit  camp  of  Westerbork.    Here  Etty  began  working  for  the  Jewish  Council,  the  organization  charged  with  deciding  their  fellow  Jews’  fate.    Her  position  gave  her  some  measure  of  freedom  of  movement  and  she  was  able  to  travel  back  and  forth  to  Amsterdam.    She  steadfastly  refused  offers  of  safe  haven  outside  of  the  camp.    Given  her  position  she  could  have  prevented  her  own  name  from  appearing  on  the  list  of  those  to  be  departed.      Some  believe  she  purposely  chose  to  board  the  train  to  Auschwitz,  knowing  full  well  what  fate  awaited  her.    How  could  she  not  accompany  her  family—even  to  her  own  death?    How  could  she  not  accompany  her  fellow  Jews?        She  wrote  intensely  throughout  these  excruciating  years.    She  sought  to  be  the  “thinking  heart”  of  the  camp.    She  struggled  to  find  a  way  to  understand  the  horrors  she  saw  with  her  very  own  eyes,  to  accept  the  choices  that  people  make,  both  the  evil  and  the  good.    She  hoped  to  maintain  a  sense  of  meaningfulness  even  in  the  face  of  death.    She  filled  eight  notebooks  with  her  most  intimate  thoughts.    She  entrusted  them  to  a  friend.    In  1981  a  selection  of  her  writings  was  first  published.    It  was  entitled  “An  Interrupted  Life.”    The  book  received  popular  and  critical  acclaim.    She  writes  on  July  12,  1942:  Dear  God,  these  are  anxious  times.    Tonight  for  the  first  time  I  lay  in  the  dark  with  burning  eyes  as  scene  after  scene  of  human  suffering  passes  before  me.    I  shall  promise  You  one  thing,  God,  just  one  very  small  thing:  I  shall  never  burden  my  today  with  cares  about  my  tomorrow…    Each  day  is  sufficient  unto  itself.    I  shall  try  to  help  You,  God,  to  stop  my  strength  ebbing  away…    But  one  thing  is  becoming  increasingly  clear  to  me:  that  You  cannot  help  us,  that  we  must  help  You  to  help  ourselves.    And  that  is  all  we  can  manage  these  days  and  also  all  that  really  matters:  that  we  safeguard  that  little  piece  of  You,  God,  in  ourselves.    And  perhaps  in  others  as  well.    Alas,  there  doesn’t  seem  to  be  much  You  Yourself  can  do  about  our  circumstances,  about  our  lives.    Neither  do  I  hold  You  responsible.    You  cannot  help  us  but  we  must  help  You  and  defend  Your  dwelling  place  inside  us  to  the  last…    I  am  beginning  to  feel  a  little  more  peaceful,  God,  thanks  to  this  conversation  with  You.    I  shall  have  many  more  conversations  with  You.    You  are  sure  to  go  through  lean  times  with  me  now  and  then,  when  my  faith  weakens  a  little,  but  believe  me,  I  shall  always  labor  for  You  and  remain  faithful  to  You  and  I  shall  never  drive  You  from  my  presence.      

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Lea  Goldberg,  a  Hebrew  poet,  was  born  in  Eastern  Prussia  but  spent  much  of  her  childhood  in  Russia.    After  the  revolution  she  and  her  family  returned  to  their  home  in  Kovno,  Lithuania.    While  still  in  school  she  began  to  write  Hebrew  poems.    Like  Hillesum  she  attended  university  and  studied  in  Berlin.    In  1935,  at  the  age  of  24,  she  immigrated  to  Tel  Aviv.    She  is  among  the  most  well  known  Hebrew  poets.    Israeli  school  children  read  her  verse.    She  writes  of  her  new  home:    The  masts  on  the  housetops  then,  were  like  the  masts  of  Columbus’  ships,  and  every  raven  that  perched  on  their  tips  announced  a  different  shore.    Lamdeini  Elohai  Teach  me,  O  God,  a  blessing,  a  prayer  on  the  mystery  of  a  withered  leaf,  on  fruit  so  fair,  on  the  freedom  to  see,  to  sense,  to  breathe,  to  know,  to  hope,  to  despair.    Teach  my  lips  a  blessing,  a  hymn  of  praise,  as  each  morning  and  night  You  renew  Your  days,  lest  my  day  be  today  as  the  one  before;  lest  routine  set  my  ways.    It  seems  fitting  that  this  poem  be  our  remembrance  of  Etty  Hillesum.    Again  this  is  an  original  composition  by  our  very  own  cantor  and  Natalie.    Etty  HIllesum  and  Lea  Goldberg  were  two  women  born  only  a  few  years  apart.      One  lived  a  full  life,  although  she  died  before  even  turning  60.    The  other  a  life  cut  far  too  short.    Both  women  were  creative  spirits.              Lea  Goldberg  died  in  1970.    Etty  Hillesum  and  her  family  were  deported  in  September  1943.  Etty  was  murdered  in  Auschwitz  on  November  30,  1943.    No  one  from  her  family  survived  the  war.    Etty  Hillesum  was  29  years  old.        We  remember  the  martyrdom  of  Etty  Hillesum.    SINGING  OF  “Teach  Me”      3.  We  recall  the  memory  of  the  Israeli  athletes  murdered  at  the  1972  Munich  Olympic  games.        

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Their  story  will  be  set  to  words  and  music.    I  thank  Natalie  Tenenbaum  for  her  efforts  in  writing  this  original  composition  as  we  strive  to  give  melody  to  their  lives.    We  pray  that  this  musical  piece  helps  to  give  meaning  to  their  sacrifices.    In  1972  the  German  authorities  were  adamant  that  they  paint  a  different  picture  of  Germany  with  these  games.    The  world  still  remembered  the  1936  Berlin  Olympics.    People  remembered  how  the  Nazis  had  exploited  those  games  for  propaganda  purposes.    The  Munich  games  were  going  to  be  different.    Security  was  purposely  kept  to  a  minimum.    The  picture  Munich  wanted  to  present  was  carefree.    Athletes  did  not  go  through  security  checkpoints.    Many  hopped  the  fence  in  the  Olympic  village.    Mark  Spitz  dazzled  spectators  with  his  seven  gold  medals  in  swimming,  breaking  world  records  in  all  seven  events.    The  Israeli  team  was  housed  in  an  isolated  part  of  the  Olympic  village.    The  head  of  the  delegation  expressed  concern  that  the  location  made  the  team  particularly  vulnerable  to  terrorist  attack.    The  German  authorities  assured  him  that  extra  precautions  were  taken.    It  now  appears  that  no  such  precautions  were  ever  taken.    In  fact  the  German  police  were  tipped  off  about  a  potential  attack  three  weeks  prior  to  the  Olympics.    Again  the  information  was  ignored.    Der  Spiegel  even  reported  that  German  neo-­‐Nazis  assisted  the  Palestinian  terrorists.    Nothing  would  be  allowed  to  interfere  with  the  image  of  this  new  Germany,  a  Germany  with  no  need  for  police  and  most  especially  a  heavily  armed  military.    It  was  supposed  to  be  carefree.    It  was  intended  to  be  about  competition  and  the  grand  spectacle  of  the  Olympic  games.    MUSICAL  INTERPRETATION,  Part  1      On  the  evening  of  September  4th  the  Israeli  delegation  went  out  to  see  a  performance  of  Fiddler  on  the  Roof.    Lalkin,  the  head  of  the  delegation,  denied  his  son’s  request  to  stay  overnight  with  the  athletes,  a  decision  that  probably  saved  his  life.    The  games  were  well  into  their  second  week.    The  Black  September  terrorists  easily  found  their  way  into  the  village  and  the  buildings  where  the  Israelis  were  housed.    It  was  reported  that  athletes  even  helped  them  over  the  fence,  lifting  for  them  their  duffel  bags  filled  with  weapons.    Yosef  Gutfreund,  a  300-­‐pound  wrestler,  was  the  first  to  be  awakened.    He  attempted  to  prevent  the  terrorists  from  forcing  their  way  into  his  room.    His  efforts  allowed  his  roommate  to  escape.    Wrestling  couch  Moshe  Weinberg  fought  with  the  intruders.  He  struggled  with  them  again  and  again  until  he  was  finally  killed.    Weightlifter,  and  veteran  of  the  Six  Day  War,  Yosef  Romano,  fought  with  the  attackers  before  he  too  was  killed.    The  gunmen  managed  to  capture  nine  hostages.        

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The  terrorists  demanded  the  release  of  234  Palestinians  jailed  in  Israel.    Golda  Meir,  prime  minister  of  Israel,  refused  to  negotiate  with  the  terrorists.    The  Germans  offered  an  unlimited  amount  of  money  as  well  as  the  substitution  of  high-­‐ranking  Germans  in  exchange  for  the  Israelis.    The  terrorists  refused  and  threw  the  body  of  Weinberg  out  the  front  door  to  demonstrate  their  resolve.    The  German  authorities  were  ill  prepared  for  such  a  terrorist  attack.    As  police  prepared  to  storm  the  apartment  building  television  crews  broadcast  their  preparations,  alerting  the  hostage  takers  and  thwarting  this  first  rescue  attempt.    Andre  Spitzer  was  clubbed  in  full  view  of  international  television  cameras.    The  authorities  agreed  to  provide  safe  transport  to  an  airport  from  which  the  attackers  and  their  hostages  would  fly  to  Egypt.    The  plan  was  then  to  attack  them  at  the  airport.    But  Munich  had  no  SWAT  teams  or  specially  trained  snipers.    A  hastily,  ill  conceived  plan,  was  devised.    The  hostages  and  their  attackers  landed  in  helicopters  at  the  airport.    Two  terrorists  boarded  the  plane  that  was  to  fly  them  to  Egypt.    There  they  were  to  be  overwhelmed  by  German  police  disguised  as  the  flight  crew.    But  the  police  had  earlier  abandoned  their  posts  thinking  the  plan  posed  too  great  a  risk.    When  the  terrorists  saw  that  the  plane  was  empty  they  realized  that  it  was  a  trap.    They  sprinted  across  the  tarmac  to  the  helicopters.    The  police  opened  fire.    The  terrorists  found  cover  behind  the  helicopters.    The  police  lacked  even  proper  communication  between  their  officers.    The  gun  battle  lasted  several  hours.    Armored  personnel  carriers,  called  in  as  the  gunfight  continued,  were  delayed  by  traffic.    At  some  point  the  terrorists  turned  their  weapons  on  the  hostages  bound  to  seats  in  the  helicopter.    They  tossed  grenades  into  the  helicopters.    MUSICAL  INTERPRETATION,  Part  2          All  nine  hostages  were  killed.    Jim  McKay  announced  to  the  world:  “We  just  got  the  final  word…  you  know,  when  I  was  a  kid,  my  father  used  to  say  “Our  greatest  hopes  and  our  worst  fears  are  seldom  realized.”    Our  worst  fears  have  been  realized  tonight.    They’ve  now  said  that  there  were  eleven  hostages.    Two  were  killed  in  their  rooms  yesterday  morning;  nine  were  killed  at  the  airport  tonight.    They’re  all  gone.”    Even  during  the  Munich  games  the  IOC  insisted  that  the  competition  continue.    American  marathon  runner  Kenny  Moore  wrote:  “You  give  a  party,  and  someone  is  killed  at  the  party,  you  don’t  continue  the  party.    I’m  going  home.”    Mark  Spitz  went  home.    A  hastily  planned  memorial  was  held  at  the  Munich  games.    Flags  were  flown  at  half-­‐mast.    Arab  nations  protested.    Their  flags  were  restored  to  the  tops  of  their  flagpoles.    Only  King  Hussein  of  Jordan  denounced  the  attack  as  a  savage  crime  against  

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civilization.    Then  again  Black  September  was  his  enemy  as  well.    The  group  was  formed  a  year  earlier  in  response  to  the  killing  of  thousands  of  Palestinians  by  Jordanian  security  forces.    It  was  then  that  the  growing  and  increasingly  militant  PLO  was  expelled  from  Jordan  to  Lebanon.    The  bodies  of  the  five  gunmen  killed  in  the  gun  battle  where  delivered  to  Libya  where  they  received  heroes’  funerals  with  full  military  honors.    The  three  captured  terrorists  were  soon  released  after  a  West  German  Lufthansa  jet  was  hijacked  and  their  release  was  demanded  in  return  for  the  hostages.    They  were  welcomed  as  heroes  in  Libya.    Ankie  Spitzer,  the  widow  of  fencing  coach  Andre,  made  it  her  mission  to  have  the  Munich  massacre  properly  remembered.    Forty  years  later  this  massacre  was  still  not  marked  by  the  International  Olympic  Committee.    Deborah  Lipstadt  writes:  Never  before  or  since  were  athletes  murdered  at  the  Games.  Never  before  or  since  were  the  Games  used  by  terrorists  for  their  evil  purposes.  Never  before  or  since  were  those  who  came  to  participate  in  a  sports  competition  murdered  for  who  they  were  and  where  they  came  from.    The  proper  place  to  acknowledge  such  a  tragedy  is  not  in  a  so-­‐called  spontaneous  moment…  but  in  a  purposeful  action  by  the  entire  Olympic  “family.”        Still  there  was  no  memorial.    Despite  all  the  pageantry  and  competition  the  IOC  insists  that  such  a  remembrance  would  politicize  the  games.    The  Olympic  games  continue.    A  proper  remembrance  for  these  Israeli  athletes  forgotten.    For  20  years  Israel  hunted  down  those  responsible  for  the  massacre.    It  was  not  so  much  out  of  vengeance  as  the  movies  would  have  us  believe  but  instead  as  a  deterrent.    Anyone  who  had  a  hand  in  the  attack  was  targeted.    Only  one  terrorist  died  of  natural  causes.    Abu  Daoud  died  kidney  failure  at  the  age  of  73  in  Syria.    We  know  now  that  Yasir  Arafat  endorsed  the  operation  and  that  Mahmoud  Abbas,  the  current  president  of  the  Palestinian  Authority,  provided  the  necessary  funds.    When  will  Jewish  deaths  be  accorded  similar  standing  among  the  dead  of  other  nations?    When  will  Israel’s  mourning  be  akin  to  that  of  other  countries?    We  wait.    Until  then  we  will  remember.    We  will  forever  mourn  our  people’s  loss.    We  remember  Moshe  Weinberg  Yosef  Romano  Zeev  Friedman  David  Berger  Yakov  Springer  Eliezer  Halfin  Yosef  Gutfreund  Kehat  Shor  Mark  Slavin  

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Andre  Spitzer  Amitzur  Shapira.    MUSICAL  INTERPRETATION,  Part  3      4.  We  remember  Simon  Weiser  and  William  Bernstein.    Eleven  years  ago  our  very  own  city  was  struck  by  terror.    The  memories  of  that  day  still  haunt  our  dreams.    On  September  11,  2001  Simon  Weiser  and  William  Bernstein  lost  their  lives  on  that  terrible  and  dark  day.    Simon  and  William  never  met  face  to  face.    But  their  fates  came  together  in  the  twin  towers  ten  years  ago.    Two  American  Jews,  martyred  on  9-­‐11.    On  that  day  the  skies  of  our  city  were  blackened.    It  was  a  beautiful  early  fall  day.    The  sky,  a  perfect  blue.    By  9:03  am  the  sky  was  darkened  by  clouds  of  smoke  and  ash.    By  10:28  am  the  twin  towers  were  no  more.    If  you  were  not  a  New  Yorker  on  that  day,  you  became  one  after.    9-­‐11  continues  to  shape  our  world  and  our  worldview.    2,976  souls  were  murdered.    Fathers,  mothers,  sons,  daughters.    Jews,  Christians  and  Muslims.    Who  can  forget  the  photos  and  stories  detailed  for  one  year  in  the  Times?    Who  can  forget  the  pictures  of  firefighters  filling  rows  upon  rows  in  our  newspapers?    Nearly  3,000  murdered.    Millions  more  terrorized.    Many  of  those  who  lost  their  lives  on  9-­‐11  frantically  called  loved  ones  before  they  died.    They  left  voice  mail  messages  on  answering  machines  and  cell  phones.    As  Ladder  Company  13  rolled  out  of  its  firehouse  towards  the  World  Trade  Center,  Captain  Walter  Hynes  called  home.    He  left  a  voice  mail  for  his  wife.  “Honey,  it’s  real  bad.    I  don’t  know  if  we’ll  make  it  out.    I  want  to  tell  you  that  I  love  you  and  I  love  the  kids.”    Melissa  Hughes  was  trapped  on  the  101st  floor.    She  called  home.    Her  husband  of  one  year  was  asleep  in  their  bed  in  San  Francisco.  He  never  heard  the  phone  ring.    He  occasionally  listens  to  the  message.    “Sean,  it’s  me.    I  just  wanted  to  let  you  know  I  love  you  and  I’m  stuck  in  this  building  in  New  York.    A  plane  hit  the  building,  or  a  bomb  went  off.    We  don’t  know,  but  there’s  lots  of  smoke  and  I  just  wanted  you  to  know  that  I  love  you  always.    Bye.”  

William  Bernstein  was  the  oldest  of  four  sons.    He  was  three  minutes  older  than  his  fraternal  twin  Robert.    His  younger  brothers,  Steven  and  David,  were  also  twins.    He  grew  up  in  Brooklyn.    Billy,  as  he  was  known,  was  a  late  bloomer  physically.    This  posed  some  challenges  for  him  in  his  competitive  household.    At  his  bar  mitzvah  he  was  a  foot  shorter  than  his  twin.    Eventually  he  caught  up,  growing  to  be  a  6-­‐foot-­‐2,  220-­‐pound  man  devoted  to  bodybuilding  and  karate.    He  and  his  twin  were  very  close.    They  went  to  the  same  camp,  same  high  school,  the  same  Syracuse  University.    They  lived  in  the  same  co-­‐op  building  and  both  worked  in  downtown  Manhattan.    Billy  worked  for  Cantor  

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Fitzgerald,  the  firm  that  lost  so  many  of  its  employees  on  that  day.    He  was  44  years  old.    To  be  honest  he  could  be  slightly  reserved  but  once  you  got  to  know  him  you  discovered  a  genuineness  and  kindness.    Simon  Weiser  was  born  in  Kiev,  Ukraine  in  1936.    For  most  of  his  years  in  the  Former  Soviet  Union  he  tried  to  leave.    Finally,  in  1972,  when  some  Jews  were  allowed  to  leave  he  immigrated  to  Israel  and  then  in  1974,  with  his  wife  and  son,  moved  to  the  United  States  in  1978,  to  Canarsie  Brooklyn.    Given  that  he  was  an  engineer  by  training  he  eventually  found  a  job  with  the  Port  Authority  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  working  in  power-­‐distribution  at  its  offices  in  the  World  Trade  Center.    He  was  quiet  the  avid  reader  and  history  buff.    He  especially  loved  medieval  history.    He  was  particularly  enamored  of  crossbows  and  their  trigger  mechanisms.    Over  the  years  he  built  over  40  fully  functioning  crossbows.    Most  of  his  designs  won  patents.    He  wanted  his  son  Anatoly  to  become  a  patent  lawyer.    He  did.    While  living  in  Kiev  he  would  often  listen  to  Voice  of  America  and  dream  of  coming  here  to  build  a  better  life  for  his  family.    His  son  said,  “Even  in  the  Soviet  Union  my  father  was  an  American.”          The  song  we  dedicate  to  Simon  and  Billy  was  written  by  our  cantor.    Its  chorus  is  structured  around  the  biblical  book  of  Lamentations.    2,500  years  ago,  the  prophet  Jeremiah  lamented  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem  at  the  hands  of  the  Babylonians  with  the  words:    Alas!  Lonely  sits  the  city  Once  great  with  people!...    Bitterly  she  weeps  in  the  night,  Her  cheek  wet  with  tears.    There  is  none  to  comfort  her  Of  all  her  friends.  All  her  allies  have  betrayed  her;  They  have  become  her  foes…”    Words  spoken  millennia  ago.    Still  they  touch  a  chord  within  our  souls.    With  the  words  of  this  song  we  remember  Simon  Weiser  and  William  Bernstein.    SINGING  OF  “Bitterly  She  Weeps”      5.  We  remember  Michael  Levin.      Michael  Levin  made  aliya  to  Israel  from  Philadelphia  in  2002.    He  was  killed  in  Lebanon  in  the  summer  of  2006  at  the  age  of  21.    

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He  first  fell  in  love  with  Israel  at  Camp  Ramah.    It  was  there  that  his  Zionist  passions  were  sparked.    Many  fall  in  love  with  Israel  during  their  summer  adventures,  but  Michael’s  commitment  was  different,  his  passion  unparalleled.    As  soon  as  he  could,  at  the  age  of  18,  he  made  aliya  to  Israel.    The  shaliach  who  processed  his  immigrant  application  in  New  York  said,  “In  my  entire  career,  I’ve  only  seen  one  other  person  so  determined.”    As  soon  as  he  arrived  in  Israel  he  fought  for  permission  to  enlist  in  the  army.    Once  in  the  IDF  he  fought  to  get  into  the  elite  Paratroopers  Brigade.    There  he  had  to  fight  other  disadvantages.    He  was  so  slightly  built  that  the  first  time  he  parachuted  he  drifted  far  off  course.    After  that  the  instructors  attached  weights  to  him.    Everyone  loved  Michael.    You  never  saw  him  without  a  smile.    He  always  had  a  funny  story  or  a  quip  to  lighten  the  mood.    He  loved  to  sing.    He  used  to  say,  “You  gotta  sing!    You  can’t  feel  Shabbat  unless  you  sing.    Then  he’d  start  another  song.”    Everyone  called  him  a  friend.    Even  his  commander  considered  him  a  friend.    In  July  of  2002  Michael  received  special  permission  to  go  back  to  Philadelphia  to  visit  his  family.    Soon  the  Israeli  soldiers  Ehud  Goldwasser  and  Eldad  Regev  were  captured  along  the  Lebanese  border.    It  was  unclear  at  the  time  but  they  were  killed  in  the  ambush.    The  second  Lebanon  War  began.    Gilad  Shalit  was  captured  along  the  Gaza  border.    Michael  rushed  back  to  Israel  to  be  with  his  unit.    He  said,  “If  I  didn’t  come  back  to  fight  with  my  unit,  I  wouldn’t  have  any  life  anyway.”    His  commander  offered  to  let  him  go  to  Hebron  where  soldiers  were  needed  in  case  fighting  broke  out  there.    Michael  insisted  that  he  be  sent  to  the  North  in  order  to  be  with  his  comrades.    On  August  1  his  unit  engaged  Hezbullah  in  an  intense  firefight  in  a  southern  Lebanon  town.    Hezbullah  hit  the  house  where  Michael  and  his  unit  were  taking  cover.    Michael  was  wounded  in  the  initial  attack.    In  all    25  were  wounded.    3  killed.    It  took  three  hours  before  reinforcements  were  able  to  reach  his  unit.    The  wounded  were  treated  during  the  attack.    Rescue  vehicles  could  not  reach  them.    Shlomi  Singer  carried  the  injured  Michael  back  to  the  rescue  station.    It  was  too  late.        A  friend  recalled,  “Michael  ran  ahead  to  do  everything  with  enthusiasm,  happy  to  serve  Israel.    He  was  just  the  most  remarkably  upbeat,  positive,  kind  and  caring  person  I’ve  ever  met.”    On  August  2nd,  the  day  before  Tisha  B’Av,  the  day  that  marks  the  destruction  of  the  first  and  second  Temples,  his  parents  and  sisters  gathered  along  with  2,500  others  at  Har  Herzl,  Israel’s  military  cemetery  in  Jerusalem,  to  bury  their  son  and  brother,  friend  and  fellow  countryman.    Thousands  of  Israelis  had  traveled  to  the  funeral  to  honor  the  young  man  who  had  made  their  dreams  his  own.    They  call  immigrants  who  come  to  Israel  without  family,  and  serve  in  the  IDF,  lone  soldiers.    But  staff  Sergeant  Michael  Levin  was  never  alone.    He  found  his  way  into  the  hearts  of  too  many.      

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Although  he  was  a  lover  of  Israel  we  thought  to  remember  him  with  an  American  standard.    Slumber  My  Darling  is  a  song  written  by  Stephen  Foster,  the  19th  century  songwriter  and  considered  by  many  the  father  of  American  music.    It  is  he  who  wrote  such  classics  as  Swannee  River  and  Oh  Susanna.    During  the  years  that  he  wrote  his  songs  Zionism  was  only  a  glimmer  of  a  dream.    Stephen  Foster  died  in  1864.    Theodor  Herzl,  the  founder  of  Zionism,  was  born  in  1860.    Yet,  there  is  something  both  deeply  American  and  deeply  Israeli  about  this  young  dreamer  from  Philadelphia.    We  imagine  that  his  mother  would  welcome  any  opportunity  to  sing  such  a  lullaby  to  her  son,  just  one  more  time,  the  lone  soldier  who  sacrificed  his  life  in  the  pursuit  of  the  grandest  of  Jewish  dreams.    “To  be  a  free  people  in  our  own  land,  in  the  land  of  Israel  and  Jerusalem.”    Slumber  my  darling  Thy  mother  is  near  Guarding  thy  dreams  From  all  terror  and  fear.    With  the  words  of  this  American  song  we  remember  Michael  Levin.    SINGING  OF  “Slumber  My  Darling”      6.  Ani  Maamin  And  now  at  the  conclusion  of  this  service,  Eleh  Ezkerah—These  I  do  remember,  we  sing  the  song  that  best  exemplifies  our  faith,  Ani  Maamin.    Centuries  ago  Moses  Maimonides  penned  these  words  as  part  of  his  thirteen  principles  of  faith,  “Ani  maamin—I  believe  with  perfect  faith  in  the  coming  of  the  messiah,  and  even  though  he  delays,  I  still  believe.”    Even  these  words  are  tinged  with  the  pain  of  loss.    It  is  said  that  the  tune  to  which  these  words  are  most  often  sung  was  composed  by  the  Hasidic  rebbe,  Reb  Azriel  David,  in  a  cattle  car  as  he  was  transported  to  Treblinka. The  tune  was  taken  up  by  other  Hasidim.  They  too  sang  this  song  as  they  were  being  herded  into  the  gas  chambers.  Soon  the  song  came  to  be  adopted  by  other  Jewish  prisoners  and  became  known  as  the  Hymn  of  the  Camps.    We  believe  with  perfect  faith.      The  question  of  our  generation  lingers.    Perfect  faith?,  we  ask.    Isaac  Babel  embodies  our  questions.    These  deaths  spark  even  more  questions.    For  in  our  generation  the  very  nature  of  martyrdom  has  been  transformed.    No  longer  do  people  knowingly  go  to  their  death.    The  Jewish  philosopher,  Emil  Fackenheim,  remarked  that  the  Holocaust  even  robbed  Jews  of  the  choice  to  be  martyred.  Our  heroes  were  not  told  like  prior  generations,  “Convert  or  die.”    They  were  instead  marched  to  the  gas  chambers.    They  were  walked  to  their  deaths.    Can  they  properly  be  called  martyrs?    They  did  not  going  

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willingly,  or  even  knowingly,  into  the  fire.    They  were  thrown  in.    These  fires  cast  them  as  accidental  martyrs.    None  knowingly  chose  Kiddush  hashem.    None  chose  death  to  sanctify  God’s  name.      If  martyrdom  is  only  a  matter  of  choice  then  indeed  our  generation  has  witnessed  both  its  transformation  and  defamation.    If  the  meaning  of  this  term  is  instead  about  those  who  died  because  of  their  faith,  because  they  were  Jews,  then  our  generation  has  too  many  martyrs  to  enumerate.    If  the  intention  of  our  tradition’s  service  is  that  we  gain  inspiration,  then  let  these  deaths  not  be  in  vain.    Let  us  grant  meaning  to  their  sacrifices.    Let  our  faith  gain  renewed  inspiration  and  vigor.    May  our  commitment  never  waver.    Intentional  or  not  their  sacrifices  can  indeed  provide  us  with  strength.    We  believe.    Again  and  again  we  say,  we  believe  with  perfect  faith.    We  stand  with  generations  before  us.    We  remember  those  who  died  in  order  to  sanctify  God’s  name.        SINGING  OF  “Ani  Maamin”        7.  Yizkor    We  turn  now  to  the  Yizkor  service,  when  we  recall  our  own  personal  losses.        There  are  two  types  of  tears.      There  are  the  tears  of  pain.  These  tears  burn  our  cheeks  when  death  stands  before  us,  when  the  weight  of  the  heartache  and  loss  feel  crushing.  These  are  the  tears  of  despair  when  we  feel  like  we  will  never  be  able  to  live  without  our  loved  one.  We  look  back  at  these  tears  and  wonder  how  we  ever  summoned  the  strength  to  place  a  shovel  of  dirt  into  our  loved  one’s  grave.      Later  the  tears  of  memory  begin  to  roll  down  our  cheeks.  These  tears  do  not  sting.  Instead  they  are  sweet.  We  find  that  we  laugh  and  smile  when  recalling  stories  of  our  father  or  mother,  husband  or  wife,  brother  or  sister,  child  or  grandparent.  These  tears  bring  with  them  the  memories  of  loved  ones.  They  hurt,  but  do  not  sting.  Their  taste  is  not  the  salt  of  bitterness  but  the  sweetness  of  memory.    There  will  always  be  tears.    Some  will  sting.    Others  will  be  sweet.    These  later  tears  will  bring  with  them  memories,  stories,    images,  pictures,  words  and  values.    We  cry  when  we  remember.      

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But  we  also  gain  strength  from  these  tears.    Our  tears  are  no  longer  incapacitating,  but  ennobling.      May  God  help  us  transform  all  of  our  bitter  tears  into  the  sweet  tears  of  memory.    SINGING  OF  “Wanting  Memories”      We  turn  from  the  contemporary  to  the  songs  and  prayers  of  our  tradition.          

Jewish  Congregation  of  Brookville  September  26,  2012