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Disparities inWealth and

Development

Disparitiescont’d.

Populations intransition

Patterns inEnvironmental

Quality

Populationscont’d.

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Define LEDCs and NIC

• LEDC: Lower economically developed country

• NIC: Newly industrialized country

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Define the Human

Development Index

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy,

education, and income indices to rank countries into four tiers of human development.


Through which factors, apart from the HDI, can the development of a

country be measured?

• Infant mortality rate• Gender related development

index• Gender empowerment

measure• Education Index


What are the expectations in

developing countries’ population growth?

1.9 billion in 2000to 3.9 billion in 2030


How many people die every year because of hunger and hunger-related diseases?

Up to 10 million


Define GNI

Gross National Income comprises the

total value of goods and servicesproduced within a

country (i.e. its Gross Domestic Product), together with its

income received from other countries (notably interest and

dividends), less similar payments made to other countries.


What is the dependency

theory ?

Countries become more dependent upon becoming more powerful; frequently

happens to colonial powers as a result of interaction

and “development”


What is the World Systems

Analysis ?

World Systems Analysis describes a way of looking at economic, social and political

development. It treats the world as a single unit.


What are the three main characteristics of

the capitalist world system, according to

Wallenstein

• A global market• Many countries, allowing

for political and economic competition

• Three tiers of countries


Which are the most

intolerable urban housing

conditions?

• Insecurity of tenure• Lack of basic services, especially water and

sanitation• Inadequate and sometimes unsafe buildings

• Overcrowding• Location of fragile, dangerous or polluted

land-land that no one else wants


Define Crude Birth Rate and

Migration

• The crude birth rate is the number of births per 1,000

people per year.• Migration describes the act

of moving to another location permanently.


What are causes of high

birth rates ?

• Parents want children• For labor• To look after them in high age• To continue the family name• For prestige• To replace children that died• As contributors to family income


What are population

pyramids used for ?

• Tell us a great deal about the age and sex structure of a population

• Tell us about population growth• Help planners determine future needs for

services and facilities(Schools,hospitals, etc.)


What are some advantages of an

ageing population ?

• May have skills and training, some employers prefer older workers

• Can look after grandchildren, allowing parents to work

• Elderly are important market in grey economy in rich countries


What positive effects do migrants usually

cause ?

• Help create jobs• Good supply of labour• Some economies could not

function without foreign workers


Define global warming

An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that

causes climatic changes)


Define greenhouse

effect

The greenhouse effect causes the atmosphere to trap more

heat energy at the Earth's surface and within the

atmosphere by absorbing and re-emitting longwave energy.


What are two methods of tackling soil degradation

Mechanical windbreaks and vegetation cover


What does “water stress”

describe ?

There is water stress if the per capita supply of

water is lower than 1,700 cubic metres per

year.


What is the difference of

economical and physical water

scarcity ?

Physical water scarcity describes the absence of sufficient water supply. It can also be a man-made problem.

Economical water scarcity is caused by a lack of investment in water or by insufficient human capacity to satisfy

demand.


Define refugee

A person who is outside of their country of origin

after suffering persecution.


Suggest why life expectancy has

decreased in many African countries

while having increased in the

Middle East.

• HIV/AIDS epidemic has caused a large increase in mortality

• Better healthcare system in Middle East

• Infrastructure(School, housing)• Contraception

• Resources (Water, Food, Elictricity)• Income through jobs


What does MENA stand for ?

Middle East and North Africa


How many migrants are around the

world

86 million economically active migrants

21 % moved from developing to developed

countries


What are some push factors for refugees ?

• Intolerance between parts of society

• Environmental deterioriation• State persecution• Natural disasters• Wars


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