We Just Passed. SOME LAWS!!! Municipal reformers challenged the corrupt political machines that ran many major cities. For decades in New York, power switched back-and-forth between the reformers and old city bosses. Registered voters improved urban life by improving city services, establishing public health programs, and enforcing tenement codes. Water, electricity, and gas became more affordable through city- run utilities. Some reform mayors, such as Hazen S. Pingree of Detroit, led movements for city- supported welfare services. [Image source: Mayor Pingree provided public baths, parks, and a work-relief program. [Image source: Others, such as Mayor Samuel M. Golden Rule Jones opened playgrounds, free kindergartens, and lodgings for the homeless. Nobody has a right to rule anybody else. Mayor Samuel M. Jones Governors, such as Robert Battling Bob La Follette of Wisconsin, introduced reforms that gave voters a more-direct voice in government. [Image source: Progressive reformers attempted to end corrupt government by limiting party bosses and politicians in five ways: 1. Direct Primaries,... Voters can cast ballots to select nominees for upcoming elections. 2. The Seventeenth Amendment,... Instead of the state legislature, the voters were able to choose their United States Senators. 3. referendum, 4. initiative, and 5. recall [Image source: Disasters such as the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire resulted in workplace reform legislation. [Image source: The Cherry Mine fire in 1909 resulted in mine-safety legislation in Illinois. [Image source: Child labor abolished in 30 states (min age 14) 1907, the National Child Labor Committee Roosevelt and the Square Deal United Mine Workers Strike Roosevelt Stepped in This was a Square Deal for both sides. Hepburn Act The Hepburn Act authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to limit rates if shippers complained of unfair treatment. Antitrust Activism and Holding Companies Sherman Anti-Trust Act Holding Companies are corporations that hold the stocks and bonds of other companies. 1904, Northern Securities, Supreme Court. Environmental Protection Gifford Pinchot, United States Forest Service 200 million acres of land National Reclamation Act (1902) Set aside money from the sale of public lands to fund irrigation systems in some states. Labor Department (1912) Department of Labor is organized as a new Cabinet to the government. Promoted the status of working women and children. 16, 17, & th - Gave congress the ability to levy taxes. 17 th - Direct Elections of Senators 18 th - Illegal for Americans to make, sell or import liquor. [Image source: