We just learned that…
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Transcript of We just learned that…
We just learned that…
Over time, organisms change
The question is…
• What are organisms made of?
organism
cells
Anything living is made of cells
Fungi
Bacteria
Plants
Animals
Cells contain DNA
nucleus
DNA
Let’s look at some cells
• But cells can’t be seen without help• We need a microscope• Microscopes were invented in the 1600s
http://www.xmission.com/~psneeley/Personal/Leidyscope.JPG
The Microscope
Eye Piece
Nosepiece
High Power Objective Lens
Low Power Objective Lens
Diaphragm
Stage Clips
Light
Base
Fine Focus
Coarse Focus
Stage
Arm
Lab: Animal vs. Plant
• Part A: Using the microscope– How to use a microscope
• Part B: Comparing animal and plant cells– Observe & explain the differences in structure
between animal and plant cells
• Part C:– Classify an unknown cell as a plant or animal
How to make a wet mount
• Place drop of water on slide• Set cover slip down from left to right• Viola…
Lab: Comparing plant and animal cells
• View the newspaper letter “e” under the microscope
• Draw it as you see it• 100X• What happens when you
move the slide away from you?
• Move the slide to the left, which direction does it appear to move?
Letter “e”
Lab: Comparing plant and animal cellsMake a wet mount of onion skin• Place the skin of the onion on a slide• Place a drop of iodine and a drop of water on top
to stain the onion• Cover with a coverslipStart on low power (10X objective)• Adjust with coarse adjustment, then focus with
fine adjustment, draw the cellsEnlarge with high power (43X objective)• Adjust only with fine adjustment knob, draw the
cells
Lab: Comparing plant and animal cells
In your lab notebook• Draw the image as you see it, first on low power
(100X), then on high power (430X)
Magnification 100XOnion skin Onion skin
430X
Lab: Comparing plant and animal cells
Make a slide of your cheek cells• Use a toothpick to gently scrape the inside of
your cheek• Rub the toothpick on a clean slide• Add a drop of water and a drop of iodine• Place a coverslip on top of the cells• Draw on low power and then high power
Lab: Comparing plant and animal cellsIn your lab notebook•Draw the image as you see it, first on low power (100X), then on high power (430X)
Human Cheek Cells 100X
Human Cheek Cells 430X
Lab: Comparing plant and animal cells• Answer the following questions in your lab
notebook:1. Why did we use the iodine solution on each
slide?2. Compare the shapes of plant and animal cells.3. What cell parts did you find in both types of
cells?4. Given 2 cells, describe the steps you would use in
order to identify a cell as an animal or plant cell?
The Animal Cell
Vesicle
Plasma MembraneNucleolus
Nucleus w/ DNA
Ribosome
Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumNuclear Membrane
LysosomeGolgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Smooth EndoplasmicReticulum
CentriolesCytoplasm
Filled with fluid containing waste or nutrientsDigests food within cell, “suicide sac”Site of protein synthesis
Packages and releases cell materialsGel-like fluid for support
Control center of cell, contains DNAMakes ribosomes
Allows material into and out of nucleusSemipermeable, controls material movement into and out of cell
Powerhouse of cell, makes energy
Channels for material transport, with ribosomesProduce lipids, no ribosomes
Used in cell division in animal cellsStrands of genetic code
The Plant Cell
Nuclear membrane
Nucleus NucleolusChloroplast
Site of photosynthesis, makes food
Cell Wall
Supports and protects plant cell
Plasma membrane
Rough endoplasmicreticulum
MitochondriaCytoplasmRibosome
Vacuole
Golgi apparatus
Smooth ER
stores water and nutrients
Whip-like structure for movementHair-like structures for movement
Cell Notes
• Organisms are made of cells• Cells tissues organs organ systems
organism• The cell is the basic unit of life, the smallest
living thing• Robert Hooke first discovered cells in cork
tree bark
Cell Notes
The Modern Cell Theory– All living things are made of one or more cells– Cells are the basic unit of structure and function– New cells come from pre-existing cells• (biogenesis)
http://www.historyoftheuniverse.com/images/cell_division.gif
Cell NotesTypes of cells• Prokaryote
• Simple• Small• No nucleus,
no organelles• Domains:
Archea, Bacteria• Ex. bacteria
•Eukaryote•Complex•Large•Have nucleus and organelles•Domain: Eukarya•Ex. Ameba, mold, flower, human
Cell Video
How does a plant cell relate to your school?
Plant Organelle Function within Plant Who has similar job?Cell Wall
Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Chromosomes (DNA)
Ribosomes
SELL THAT ORGANELLE
Working with a partner, make a creative poster to describe your organelle. Include a large, bright drawing of the organelle, a colorful advertisement of its function(s), and a bridge map for the title.
asRelating factor: _____________
Cell wallCell
BonesBody
structure