We Are Traffic: Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs (4-14)

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We are Traffic: Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs Krista Nordback, Ph.D., P.E. Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium (OTREC)

description

**Revised thanks to participant feedback** As agencies looking to improve bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure have learned, it doesn’t count if it’s not counted. Counting provides information on the level of intersections, paths and roadways—data already available for motor vehicles but lacking for non-motorized travelers. For the first time, Federal Highway Administration’s Traffic Monitoring Guide now includes a chapter detailing how to monitor bicycle and pedestrian traffic. These slides explain how to create a robust bicycle and pedestrian count program based on the new guidance. Agencies that show clear evidence of use are more likely to receive funding for projects, so join us and learn how to improve your existing count program or create a new one. Webinar youtube video can be seen at: http://youtu.be/PXzcJRvwPmc

Transcript of We Are Traffic: Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs (4-14)

Page 1: We Are Traffic: Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs (4-14)

We are Traffic: Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs

Krista Nordback, Ph.D., P.E.Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium

(OTREC)

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Overview

• Introduction• Traffic Monitoring Programs• Non-Motorized Count Programs• Conclusions & Recommendations

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INTRODUCTION

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Why measure walking & biking?

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Why measure walking & biking?

If we don’t count it, it doesn’t count.

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Why measure walking & biking?

• Funding & policy decisions• To show change over time• Facility design• Planning (short-term, long-term, regional…)

• Economic impact• Public health• Safety

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How many bike and walk?

• Surveys– National– Regional– Local

• Counts– Permanent– Short duration

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What good are counts?

• Funding!• Facility Level– Change Over Time– Planning and Design– Safety Analysis

• Validate Regional Models• Prioritize Projects• Bicycle Miles Traveled

(BMT)

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Signal Timing

Vehicle Delay

Kothuri, S. M., Reynolds, T., Monsere, C. M., & Koonce, P. (2013). Testing Strategies to Reduce Pedestrian Delay at Signalized Intersections. A Pilot Study in Portland, OR. Paper presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.

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Signal Timing

Vehicle Delay

Kothuri, S. M., Reynolds, T., Monsere, C. M., & Koonce, P. (2013). Testing Strategies to Reduce Pedestrian Delay at Signalized Intersections. A Pilot Study in Portland, OR. Paper presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.

Pedestrian

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What?

People actually bike here?

Yes! 200 per day

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What? People actually walk here?

Yes!

400 per day

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TRAFFIC MONITORINGPROGRAMS

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State Traffic Monitoring

Metro Count Accessed 6/13/13 http://mtehelp.tech-metrocount.com/article.aspx?key=mc5805

Commonly inductive loops

Permanent Counters

Short Duration CountersCommonly pneumatic tubes

http://mtehelp.tech-metrocount.com/article.aspx?key=mc5805
http://mtehelp.tech-metrocount.com/article.aspx?key=mc5805
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Colorado’s Permanent Counters

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Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)

PERMANENT COUNT

PROGRAM

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Colorado’s Short Duration Traffic Counts

CDOT OTIS Accessed 6/18/13 http://dtdapps.coloradodot.info/Otis/HighwayData#/ui/0/1/criteria/~/184.667/210.864

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AADT

PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM

SHORT DURATION

COUNT PROGRAM

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AADT

PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM

APPLY FACTORS

SHORT DURATION

COUNT PROGRAM

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AADT

PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM

APPLY FACTORS

SHORT DURATION

COUNT PROGRAM

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AADT

PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM

APPLY FACTORS

SHORT DURATION

COUNT PROGRAM

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Use AADT to Estimate VMT

Sum (AADT X Segment Length) over network to compute Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)

COLORADO HIGHWAYS

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Can we apply these methods to biking and

walking?

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AADB: Annual Average Daily Bicyclists

AADT for bicyclists!

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Traffic Monitoring Guide 2013:

Chapter 4 for Non-motorized Traffic

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NON-MOTORIZED COUNT PROGRAMS

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The TMG 2013 Approach

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The TMG 2013 Approach

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National Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Project

Manual Counts: 2 hours 5 to 7pm Tues, Wed, or Thurs in mid-September

http://bikepeddocumentation.org/

http://bikepeddocumentation.org/
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Passive Infrared Counters

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Inductive loop counters in bike lanes

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Combined Bicycle and Pedestrian Continuous Counter

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Permanent Counters• Pedestrian

• Bicycle

InfraredVideo Image Recognition

Radar

Pressure Sensor

Inductive Loop Video Detection

Video Image Recognition

Microwave

Magnetometers

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The TMG 2013 Approach

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Permanent Count

Program

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Permanent Count

Program

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Geographic/Climate Zones

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Urban vs. Rural

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Annual Average Daily Bicyclists (AADB)

Volume Categories

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

AADB

Conti

nuou

s Co

unt S

tatio

ns Medium

High

600

200

Low

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Traffic Monitoring Guide 2013 Update, Chapter 4.

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Permanent Count

Program

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Daily Patterns

Sunday

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesd

ay

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

180%

% o

f AAD

B

Colorado Example (Bikes only)

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Hourly Commute Pattern

12:00 AM

1:00 AM

2:00 AM

3:00 AM

4:00 AM

5:00 AM

6:00 AM

7:00 AM

8:00 AM

9:00 AM

10:00 AM

11:00 AM

12:00 PM

1:00 PM

2:00 PM

3:00 PM

4:00 PM

5:00 PM

6:00 PM

7:00 PM

8:00 PM

9:00 PM

10:00 PM

11:00 PM0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

% o

f AAD

B

City of Boulder Example (Bikes only)

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Hourly Non-commute Pattern

0:001:00

2:003:00

4:005:00

6:007:00

8:009:00

10:0011:00

12:0013:00

14:0015:00

16:0017:00

18:0019:00

20:0021:00

22:0023:00

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Ave

rage

Hou

rly

Volu

me

Source: Pam Johnson, PSU

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Permanent Count

Program

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12 Possible groups

Commute

Non-Commute

In Between

3 Daily Patterns

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12 Possible groups

Commute

Non-Commute

In Between

3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns

Commute

Non-Commute

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12 Possible groups

Commute

Non-Commute

In Between

3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns

Commute

Non-Commute

2 Annual Patterns

Commute

Non-Commute

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12 Possible groups

Commute

Non-Commute

In Between

3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns

Commute

Non-Commute

2 Annual Patterns

Commute

Non-Commute

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12 Possible groups

Commute

Non-Commute

In Between

3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns

Commute

Non-Commute

2 Annual Patterns

Commute

Non-Commute

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12 Possible groups

Commute

Non-Commute

In Between

3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns

Commute

Non-Commute

2 Annual Patterns

Commute

Non-Commute

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CommuteCommute

Urban PlainsNon-commuteUrban Plains

Non-commute

Mountain Non-commute

Mountain Non-commuteHigher

Week-ends?

Higher Week-ends?

Rural Mtn Trail?

Rural Mtn Trail?

Weekly PatternWeekly Pattern

LocationLocation

YesYes

NoNo

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Permanent Count

Program

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Factoring MethodAdapted from Traffic Monitoring Guide

AADB = Cknown* D * M

Cknown = 24-hour count

D = Daily FactorM = Monthly Factor

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Factoring MethodAdapted from Traffic Monitoring Guide

AADB = Cknown* D * M

Cknown = 24-hour count

D = Daily FactorM = Monthly Factor

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Monthly Factor

M = AADBMADB

whereMADB = Ave daily bike count in that month

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Monthly Factor

M = AADBMADB

whereMADB = Ave daily bike count in that month

June

= 5001,000

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Monthly Factor

M = AADBMADB

whereMADB = Ave daily bike count in that month

June

= 5001,000

= 0.5

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Monthly Factor

M = AADBMADB

whereMADB = Ave daily bike count in that month

June

= 5001,000

= 0.5

Daily counts in June are twice AADB.

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Groups:Mountain

Non-Commute

Front Range Non-

Commute CommuteJanuary 3.9 1.5

February 3.2 2.0March 1.3 1.2April 2.2 1.1 1.1May 1.0 0.8 0.9June 0.5 0.8 0.7July 0.4 0.8 0.8

August 0.5 0.7 0.7September 0.7 0.8 0.8

October 1.7 1.0 1.0November 1.5 1.4December 2.5 2.3

Colorado Monthly Factors

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Permanent Count

Program

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How many counters/group?

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Non-Commute Factors

Commute Counters

Average

Number of Counters

Prec

isio

n of

Mon

thly

Fac

tors

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Permanent Count

Program

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The TMG 2013 Approach

Time

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The TMG 2013 Approach

Time

Space

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The TMG 2013 Approach

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Short Duration

Count Program

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Short Duration

Count Program

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Turning Movement Counts

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Segment Count

A

B

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Short Duration Counters• Pedestrian

• BicycleInfraredManual

Manual Pneumatic Tube Counters

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Traffic Monitoring Guide 2013 Update, Chapter 4.

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Short Duration

Count Program

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Potential Selection Criteria

• Variety of facility types

Path On-street

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Potential Selection Criteria

• Variety of land uses– Central business district

– Residential

– School/University

• Technology related criteria

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Short Duration

Count Program

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Count Duration

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 7000%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Count Duration (hours)

% E

rror

of A

AD

B Es

timat

es

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Count Duration

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 7000%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Count Duration (hours)

% E

rror

of A

AD

B Es

timat

es

1 week

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Short Duration

Count Program

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Schedule Counts

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Month

Abso

lute

% E

rror

in A

ADB

Estim

ates

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Schedule Counts

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Month

Abso

lute

% E

rror

in A

ADT

Estim

ate

May to October bestfor Midwestern Climate

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The TMG 2013 Approach

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Factoring MethodAdapted from Traffic Monitoring Guide

AADB = Cknown* D * M

Cknown = 24-hour count

D = Daily FactorM = Monthly Factor

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AADB

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VMT for

bicycles

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CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

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Summary

• Traffic Monitoring Guide Approach:– Permanent Count

Program– Short Duration Count

Program– Compute AADT for Bikes

and Pedestrians

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On-line Guide

www.pdx.edu/ibpi/count

http://www.pdx.edu/ibpi/count
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Recommendations

• Both permanent and short duration count programs are needed.

• Continuous counters are needed! • Prefer 1 week short count • Short duration counts in high volume months– May to October (Midwestern climates)

• Integrate bike/ped counts into traffic data for preservation and access

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Balance Permanent and Short Duration Programs

PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM

SHORT DURATION

COUNT PROGRAM

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Iterative Process

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Iterative Process

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Example

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1st Year

PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM

SHORT DURATION

COUNT PROGRAM

1 Permanent Counter 20 Manual Count Sites

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2nd Year

PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM

SHORT DURATION

COUNT PROGRAM

1 Permanent Counter 12 Automated Short Duration Sites (one week per site + transfer time)

Rotate 1 counter all summer

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3rd Year

PERMANENT COUNT

PROGRAM

SHORT DURATION

COUNT PROGRAM

5 Permanent Counters 24 Automated Short Duration Sites (one week per site + transfer time)

Rotate 2 counters all summer

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4th Year

PERMANENT COUNT

PROGRAM

SHORT DURATION COUNT PROGRAM

6 Permanent Counters 60 Automated Short Duration Sites (one week per site + transfer time)

Rotate 5 counters all summer

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10th Year

PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM

SHORT DURATION COUNT PROGRAM

14 Permanent Counters 360 Automated Short Duration Sites (one week per site) on 3 year rotation

Rotate 10 counters all summer on 3 year rotation

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On-going Work• Colorado, Vermont, Minnesota, Oregon, North Carolina,

Washington State DOT’s are developing programs.• TRB Bike/Ped Data Subcommittee https://

sites.google.com/site/bikepeddata/home

• FHWA to include bike/ped counts in Travel Monitoring Analysis System (TMAS)

• NCHRP 07-19: Bike/Ped Data Methods & Technologies• Google Group for future discussion!• OTREC’s Bike/Ped Data Archive

https://sites.google.com/site/bikepeddata/home
https://sites.google.com/site/bikepeddata/home
https://sites.google.com/site/bikepeddata/home
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TRB Bike/Ped Data Subcommittee

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Questions?Krista Nordback

[email protected]

Guide to Bicycle & Pedestrian Count Programshttp://www.pdx.edu/ibpi/count

mailto:[email protected]
http://www.pdx.edu/ibpi/count
http://www.pdx.edu/ibpi/count

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