We are here Central Nervous System Brain Brain Imaging Peripheral Nervous System Building Blocks...
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Transcript of We are here Central Nervous System Brain Brain Imaging Peripheral Nervous System Building Blocks...
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We are
here
Nervous SystemCentral
Nervous System
Brain
Brain Imaging
Peripheral Nervous System
Building Blocks
Genetics
EvolutionaryEndocrine
System
Neurotransmitters
SomaticAutonomic
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Biological Psychology
Spinal Cord
Neurons
SensoryMotor
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NEUROTRANSMITTERS!
AP Psychology
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Lock & Key Mechanism
Neurotransmitters bind to the receptors of the receiving neuron in a key-lock mechanism.
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Neurotransmitters
Chemicals released by the terminal buttons through the synapse
There are dozens of neurotransmitters (NTs) in the neurons of the body
NTs can either be excitatory or inhibitory
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The Major Neurotransmitters in the Body
Acetylcholine: Excitatory Its function is motor movement (causes
muscles to contract) and memory When blocked: paralysis (hemlock,
bolutin, black widows) Too little:
Alzheimers
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The Major Neurotransmitters in the Body
Dopamine: Inhibitory Motor movement, alertness, & PLEASURE Lack of Dopamine= Parkinson’s disease Too much dopamine= Schizophrenia
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The Major Neurotransmitters in the Brain
GABA: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Hunger and sleep The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter
in the brain Too little: Huntington’s disease, anxiety, epilepsy,
insomnia Too much: sleepy (alcohol)
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The Major Neurotransmitters in the Brain
Glutamate: The most common excitatory
neurotransmitter in the brain Important for memory Too much== ALS (Lou Gehrig’s Disease),
migraines, seizures
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The Major Neurotransmitters in the Body
Seratonin: Inhibitory in pain
pathways Involved in sleep,
mood, appetite, and sensory perception
Too little== Depression,
Too much== anxiety, limits dreaming, anorexia
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The Major Neurotransmitters in the Body
Endorphins Short for "endogenous (produced within)
morphine." Structurally very similar to the opioids (opium,
morphine, heroin, etc.) (Same thing that helps bears hibernate!)
Deals with pain control We’ve become addicted to endorphin-caused
feelings
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Neurotransmitters fit like chemical keys in chemical locks.
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2 Categories of neurotransmitters: Excitatory and Inhibitory
ExcitatoryThe key fits and ‘opens’ the receiving neuron.Activation of the receptor causes depolarization of the membrane and promotes an action potential in the receiving neuron.
InhibitoryThe key fits in but only stops any other keys.Activation of the receptor causes hyperpolarization and depresses action potential generation.
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Agonists aGOnist
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Antagonists anTAGonist
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Neurotransmission and Drugs Drugs can affect synapses at a variety of
sites and in a variety of ways, including: Drugs mimic NT Increasing the number of synapses Release of NT from neurons with or without
synapses Produce more/less NT than what is normal Prevent vesicles from releasing NT Block intake of NT or block release of NT