"We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel...
-
Upload
melissa-malone -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
1
Transcript of "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel...
![Page 1: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
"We are all of
us, five
minutes from
death"
![Page 3: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
" I learned starkly
that lack of breath
does not feel like
anaesthesia or
sleep; it is like
death"
![Page 4: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
" I know of no
human experience
that produces
such a spasm of
uncontrolled panic
as does
breathlessness"
![Page 5: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
" The folds and
convolutions of the
lungs result in a surface
area forty times larger
than the skin's area and
large enough to carpet
a small apartment"
![Page 6: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
" On an average day
our lungs move
enough air in and out
to fill a medium size
room or blow up
several thousand
party balloons."
![Page 7: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
" Breathing is
important !
If you've ever
doubted it try
holding your breath
for the next 10
minutes ... "
![Page 8: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Four Terms that are not equal ...Four Terms that are not equal ...
Breathing
External respiration
internal respiration
cellular respiration
![Page 9: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Breathing is ...
• … the entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs
• … consists of inspiration (breathing in)
• … and expiration (breathing out)
![Page 10: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
External Respiration is ...
• … the exchange of gases ( O2 and CO2 ) between air and the blood.
• … lower temperature (lungs)
• … higher pH (7.4)
![Page 11: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Internal Respiration is ...
• … the exchange of gases ( O2 and CO2 ) between blood and tissue fluid.
• … higher temperature (tissues)
• … lower pH (7.35)
![Page 12: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cellular Respiration is ...
• … the production of ATP within the cell.
• … requires O2
• … gives off CO2 as a waste product that must be returned to lungs to rid of (external respiration)
![Page 13: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Respiratory Tract
Right lung has three lobes
Left lung has two lobes
Fill entire thoracic cavity from pharynx to diaphragm
![Page 14: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
As air moves in it is ...
• Filtered (hair in nostrils, cilia in trachea)
• Warmed (by surrounding blood vessels)
• Moistened (by wet surfaces of air passages)
![Page 15: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
You should be able to identify and give functions for the ...
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles
•alveoli
•diaphragm and ribs
•pleural membranes
•thoracic cavity
•Eustachian tubes
![Page 16: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The larynx ...
• Voice Box• Triangular box …
projects in front of neck as Adam’s apple.
• Glottis is opening covered by epiglottis during swallowing of food
• If food passes epiglottis into larynx, reflex coughing usually expels it.
• Contains vocal cords
![Page 17: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The trachea ...
• Air tube from larynx to bronchi
• Held open by C-shaped cartilaginous rings
• Contains cilia projecting from epithelium
• Cilia keep lungs clean by sweeping debris toward throat.
• Mucus secreted to embed and transport debris.
• If blocked … tracheotomy may be performed.
![Page 18: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Bronchi ...
• Trachea divide into two bronchi (sing. Bronchus)
• Cartilage rings keep tube open
• Lead to right and left lungs
• Branch into smaller units termed bronchioles.
• Asthma is constriction of bronchioles, which reduces or prevents air movement.
• Terminate in air pockets or sacs termed alveoli.
![Page 19: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Alveoli (a case of structure matching function)
• Functional unit of the lungs since this is where gas exchange actually occurs.
• Single layer of squamous epithelium surrounded by blood capillaries.
• Approximately 300 million alveoli have total cross-sectional area of 50-70 m2 …
• This is about 40 times the surface area of the skin.
• I.R.D.S. (lack of lipoprotein surfactant)
![Page 20: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Diaphragm and Ribs
• Diaphragm is a layer of dome shaped muscle that makes up the base of the thoracic cavity.
• Functions to increase size of thoracic cavity thereby decreasing pressure, when it contracts.
• The ribs, hinged to the vertebral column at the back and the sternum at the front, make up the top and sides of the thoracic cavity.
• Very much a part of the breathing process.
![Page 21: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Pleural Membranes
• The lungs are covered by the pleural membranes, one of which covers the lungs themselves, and the other that lines the chest cavity.
• Function is to hold lungs to thoracic wall which creates a seal to reduce pressure in the lungs.
• Inflammation is called pleurisy.
![Page 22: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
•The pleural cavity in certain conditions may be filled with air (pneumothorax), blood (hemothorax), or pus.
•Any opening of the wall, whether done for surgical purposes or by accident from a bullet or knife wound, will cause the lungs to collapse due to the pneumothorax created.
![Page 23: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Breathing Mechanism ...
• Could you describe the interaction of lungs, pleural membranes, ribs, and diaphragm during inhalation and exhalation?
![Page 24: "We are all of us, five minutes from death" " I learned starkly that lack of breath does not feel like anaesthesia or sleep; it is like death"](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e1a5503460f94b07d56/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)