WCDMA Technology Past, Present and Future
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Transcript of WCDMA Technology Past, Present and Future
1 網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所
WCDMA TechnologyWCDMA TechnologyPast, Present and FuturePast, Present and Future
Part IV:Physical Layer on WCDMA
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Part IV:Physical Layer on WCDMA
• Overview on WCDMA Physical Layer– WCDMA Physical Channel– Functions of WCDMA Physical Channel– Spreading in WCDMA Physical Channel
• Operations in making a phone call– Baseband Packet Formats– Important Physical Layer Procedures and Is
sues
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What is Physical Layer?• Physical layer (PHY) defines how the data
(controlling data and the user data = user traffic) has been structured for the transmission over the air interface
• In mobile cellular systems the effect of the physical layer is high because of the characteristics of the radio channel (=air interface)
• Defines the maximum capacity limits of the system (maximum allowed bit-rate, maximum number of simultaneous users)
• In practice the physical layer does not necessary limit the capacity but the implementation of the equipments and the radio channel.
• Big impact on equipment complexity,– processing power, algorithms
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Main Requirements on WCDMA Physical Layer
• High bit-rates• Flexible variable bit rate both in uplink and
in downlink• Multi-service• Different services have been multiplexed
on a single physical connection• Efficient packet data• Support for All IP-RAN• High spectral efficiency
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WCDMA Radio Interface Protocol Architecture
PHY(W-CDMA)PHY(W-CDMA)
RLCRLC
RRCRRC
PDCPPDCP
L1
L2
L3
Control
Control Plane User Plane
Transport Channels
Logical Channels
Physical Channels
Radio Bearers
MACMAC
BMCBMC
U-plane Radio
Bearers
Signalling Radio Bearers
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Physical Channels (1/3)• Common Physical Channels:
– Synchronization Channels (SCH, DL)• Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH)• Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH)
– Common Pilot Channel (CPICH, DL)– Common Control Physical Channels (CCPCH,
DL)• Primary common physical channel (P-CCPCH)• Secondary common physical channel (S-
CCPCH)– Indication Channel
• Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH, DL)• Page Indication Channel (PICH, DL)• CPCH Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator
Channel (AP-AICH, DL)• CPCH Collision Detection Channel Assignment
Indicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH, DL)• CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH, DL)
– Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH, UL)
– Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH, UL)
• Dedicated Physical Channels:– Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH,
DL&UL)– Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH,
DL&UL)
DPCCH
Physical Channel
Dedicated Physical Channel
Common Physical Channel
DPDCH
PCCPCH
SCCPCH
PRACH
PCPCH
PDSCH
PICH
AICH
CPICH
SCH
AP-AICH
CD/CA-ICH
CSICH
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Physical Channels (2/3)
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Physical Channels (3/3)
• Chip rate = 3.84 Mcps• Physical channel is characterize with frequency, code,
duration and in uplink with phase shift• 1 radio frame (10 ms) includes 15 time slots (one slot e
quals to power control period, 1/(10ms/15)=1500 Hz)• one time slot = 2560 chips• Slot structure is just for controlling the physical chann
el and its radio performance
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Timing Relationship Between Physical Channels
k:th S-CCPCH
AICH access slots
Secondary SCH
Primary SCH
S-CCPCH,k
10 ms
PICH
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14 #13 #12 #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4
Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 0 Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 1
DPCH,n
P-CCPCH
Any CPICH
PICH for k:th S-CCPCH
Any PDSCH
n:th DPCH
10 ms
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Physical Layer Baseband Processing Block Diagram
Coding and Multiplexing of Transport Channels
CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching
CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching
CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching
CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching
CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching
CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching
Transport Channel MUXTransport Channel MUX
TransportChannel #1
TransportChannel #2
TransportChannel #N
CCTrCH
Physical Channel Segmentation,2nd Interleaving,
Physical Channel Mapping
Physical Channel Segmentation,2nd Interleaving,
Physical Channel Mapping Spreading&
Gain Weighting
Spreading&
Gain Weighting
PhCH #1
PhCH #2
PhCH #3
PhCH #4
DPCCH
Σ
Σ⊕⊕
j
ScramblingScrambling
Pulse ShapingPulse Shaping
ModulationModulation
To RF
I + jQ
I
Q
(DPDCH)
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Spreading Codes in WCDMA• Channelisation Codes (Spreading code, orthogonal code)
– Length is dependent on spreading factor– Used for channel separation from the single source– Good orthogonality properties => decreased interference– Usage have to be managed: If one code with low spreading factor is used, the code in t
he same code tree branch can not be used– Same codes in every cell / mobiles and therefore the additional scrambling code is ne
eded• Scrambling Codes
– Very long (38400 chips), many codes available– Uplink: to separate different mobiles– Downlink: to separate different cells/sectors– Good correlation properties:– The correlation between two codes (two mobiles) is low– The autocorrelation is low when the phase shift ≠ 0. Then the multipath propagation
does not have big impact on the interference levels
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Channelisation and Scrambling codes
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Two code layer scheme, downlink
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Utilization of Channelisation and Scrambling Codes
Uplink Downlink
ChannelisationCodes
Identify the physical channels for the same user if multi-code is used
Identify the physical channels of each user
ScramblingCodes
Identify the users
Identify the cells
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Channelization Codes – OVSF Codes
• The OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) code is described as Cch,SF,k, where SF is the spreading factor of the code and k is the code number, 0 ≦ k ≦ SF-1.
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Downlink scrambling code (1/2)
• Long scrambling code (2^18-1=262143 codes)• Only 38400 chips from the beginning of the code is used• The DL scrambling code is time aligned with the scrambling code of PCC
PCH channel which is the timing reference• From these only 8192 codes, devidid into 512 sets, are used in WCDMA in
order to speed up the cell search• Each code set includes 1 primary and 15 secondary scrambling (other Ph
CH) codes.• 512 primary scr. codes has been divided into 64 subgroups• Each cell is allocated one primary scrambling code (carrying P-CCPCH,
P-CPICH, PICH, AICH and S-CCPCH)• Other channels can use the primary scrambling code or secondary code
from the same set. If the secondary code is used the orthogonality is lost reduction of system performance
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Downlink Scrambling Code (2/2)
• Configuration of DL scrambling code generator.
I
Q
1
1 0
02
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
17
17
16
16
15
15
14
14
13
13
12
12
11
11
10
10
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Uplink Scrambling Code• The definition of the nth scrambling code word for the in phase and
quadrature components follows as: C1,n=<xn(0)+y(0), xn(1)+y(1),…, xn(N-1)+y(N-1)> C2,n=<xn(M)+y(M), xn(M+1)+y(M+1),…, xn(M+N-1)+y(M+N-1)> where N is the period in chips and M = 16,777,232.
cn1,
cn2,
MSB LSB
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Block Diagram of WCDMA PHY
MultipathFading Channel
ChannelEncoder
Rate Matching
BlockInterleaver
DataModulator
SpreaderPulse
ShapingFilter
I/Q Modulator &Up-converter
Channeldecoder
De-rate Matching
BlockDe-Interleaver
DataDemodulator
PulseShaping
Filter
Down-converter &I/Q Demodulator
RAKEReceiver
Synchronizer
Searcher
• AFC• N. B. AGC• SIR-Measurement W. B. AGC
Despreading
Spreading
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Part IV:Physical Layer on WCDMA
• Overview on WCDMA Physical Layer– WCDMA Physical Channel– Functions of WCDMA Physical Channel– Spreading in WCDMA Physical Channel
• Operations in making a phone call– Baseband Packet Formats– Important Physical Layer Procedures and Is
sues
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Physical Layer Operations in making a phone call
MSMS BSBS
Listen Broadcast Information
Wait for Paging
Power on
Cell Search
Establish a dedicate connection for a callEstablish a dedicate connection for a call
Release connection for a callRelease connection for a call
Data Transmission and ReceptionData Transmission and Reception
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Physical Layer Operations in making a phone call
MSMS BSBS
Listen Broadcast Information
Wait for Paging
Power on
Cell Search
Establish a dedicate connection for a callEstablish a dedicate connection for a call
Release connection for a callRelease connection for a call
Data Transmission and ReceptionData Transmission and Reception
1.1.
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P-CCPCH
WCDMA Cell Search
One timeslot=625 sec
Base 1
Base 2
Base 3
Mobile Searcher
Base 1
Base 3
Base 2
P-CCPCHP-SCH
S-SCH P-CCPCHP-SCH
S-SCH P-CCPCHP-SCH
S-SCH
P-CCPCHP-SCH
S-SCH P-CCPCHP-SCH
S-SCH
P-SCH
S-SCH
P-CCPCH P-CCPCHP-SCH
S-SCH P-CCPCHP-SCH
S-SCH
P-SCH
S-SCH
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Cell Search Procedure (1/2)
How to do cell search? --> Three steps fast cell search algorithm
–Step 1: Slot synchronization–Step 2: Frame synchronization and code-
group identification–Step 3: Scrambling code identification
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Cell Search Procedure (2/2)
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Synchronisation Channel (SCH)
• For initial cell search for the MS• The Synchronisation Channel (SCH):
– A downlink signal used for cell search– Consists of two sub channels:
• Primary SCH• Secondary SCH
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Downlink Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
• Primary and secondary CPICH
• Primary CPICH– Unmodulated, fixed rate, fix
ed power channel scrambled with the cell specific primary scrambling code
– Used as a phase reference– 15 kbps, SF=256 (Cch,256,0)SF=256 (Cch,256,0)– Used in handover measure
ments: • CPICH Ec/I0
– Used for channel estimation• Secondary CPICH
– Used with multiple antenna beams
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Modulation Pattern for CPICH in case of Transmit Diversity
• In case of Transmit Diversity (open or closed loop), the CPICH shall be transmitted from both antennas using the same channelization and scrambling code. In this case, the pre-defined symbol sequence of the CPICH is different for Antenna 1 and Antenna 2.
slot #1
Frame#i+1 Frame#i
slot #14
Antenna 2
Antenna 1
slot #0
Frame Boundary
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
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Downlink spreading and modulation
P-CPICHS-CPICH
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Physical Layer Operations in making a phone call
MSMS BSBS
Listen Broadcast Information
Wait for Paging
Power on
Cell Search
Establish a dedicate connection for a callEstablish a dedicate connection for a call
Release connection for a callRelease connection for a call
Data Transmission and ReceptionData Transmission and Reception
2.2.
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Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)
• Carrying the Broadcast Channel (BCH)
• Contains random access codes, code channels of other common channels
• Pure DATA channel: channel estimation from Common pilot channel
• Needs to be demodulated by all the terminals in the system: High Tx power needed
• Fixed data rate (30 kbps=15ksps), channellization code length 256 Cch,256,0
• No power control• P-CCPCH and SCH are time multi
plexed (SCH used in TxOFF period of above shown figure)
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Physical Layer Operations in making a phone call
MSMS BSBS
Listen Broadcast Information
Wait for Paging
Power on
Cell Search
Establish a dedicate connection for a callEstablish a dedicate connection for a call
Release connection for a callRelease connection for a call
Data Transmission and ReceptionData Transmission and Reception
3.3.
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Secondary CCPCH• The S-CCPCH is used to carry the FACH and PCH.
– Forward Access Channel (FACH) and Paging Channel (PCH) which can be mapped to same or different S-CCPCH
• There are two types of S-CCPCH: those that include TFCI and those that do not include TFCI. It is the UTRAN that determines if a TFCI should be transmitted, hence making it mandatory for all UEs to support the use of TFCI.
• The parameter k determines the spreading factor SF of the S-CCPCH as SF = 256/2k. The spreading factor range is from 256 down to 4.
• No TPC• Active only when data available
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Secondary CCPCH
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips, 20*2k bits (k=0..6)
Pilot Npilot bits
DataNdata bits
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
TFCI NTFCI bits
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S-CCPCH FieldsSlot Format
#i
Channel Bit
Rate (kbps)
Channel
Symbol Rate
(ksps)
SF Bits/ Frame Bits/
Slot
Ndata Npilot NTFCI
0 30 15 256 300 20 20 0 0
1 30 15 256 300 20 12 8 0
2 30 15 256 300 20 18 0 2
3 30 15 256 300 20 10 8 2
4 60 30 128 600 40 40 0 0
5 60 30 128 600 40 32 8 0
6 60 30 128 600 40 38 0 2
7 60 30 128 600 40 30 8 2
8 120 60 64 1200 80 72 0 8*
9 120 60 64 1200 80 64 8 8*
10 240 120 32 2400 160 152 0 8*
11 240 120 32 2400 160 144 8 8*
12 480 240 16 4800 320 312 0 8*
13 480 240 16 4800 320 296 16 8*
14 960 480 8 9600 640 632 0 8*
15 960 480 8 9600 640 616 16 8*
16 1920 960 4 19200 1280 1272 0 8*
17 1920 960 4 19200 1280 1256 16 8*
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Page Indicator Channel (PICH)
• A terminal registered to the network is allocated a paging group• When there are paging messages coming for any UEs of that group the Paging Ind
icator will be send on PICH.• After that UE decodes the next PCH message on S-CCPCH to find out whether ther
e was paging messages intended for it• This procedure decreases the power consumption of the UE
b1b0
288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)
One radio frame (10 ms)
b287 b288 b299
PICH=7680 chips
Associated S-CCPCH frame
PICH frame containing paging indicator
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Physical Layer Operations in making a phone call
MSMS BSBS
Listen Broadcast Information
Wait for Paging
Power on
Cell Search
Establish a dedicate connection for a callEstablish a dedicate connection for a call
Release connection for a callRelease connection for a call
Data Transmission and ReceptionData Transmission and Reception
4.4.
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Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
• With Random Access Channel (RACH) power ramping is needed with preambles since the initial power level setting in the mobile is very coarse with open loop power control
• Preamble: mobile sends 256 repetitions of 16 chip (1 preamble = 4096 chips) signature sequence with increasing power
• L1 acknowledgement: base station acknowledges the sequences received with high enough power level (AICH = Acquisition Indication CH)
• Mobile RACH message follows the acknowledgement• Can be used also for Data transmission• Message part length 10 or 20 ms
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Spreading and Modulation of Spreading and Modulation of PRACH Message PartPRACH Message Part
jccc
cd
d
Sr-msg,n
I+jQ
PRACH messagecontrol part
PRACH messagedata part
Q
I
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Structure of the Random Access Message Part
Pilot Npilot bits
DataNdata bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..3)
Message part radio frame TRACH = 10 ms
Data
ControlTFCI
NTFCI bits
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Random-access Message Data and Control Fields
Slot Format #i
Channel Bit Rate (kbps)
Channel Symbol Rate
(ksps)
SF Bits/ Frame
Bits/ Slot
Ndata
0 15 15 256 150 10 10 1 30 30 128 300 20 20 2 60 60 64 600 40 40 3 120 120 32 1200 80 80
Slot Format#i
Channel BitRate (kbps)
ChannelSymbol Rate
(ksps)
SF Bits/Frame
Bits/Slot
Npilot NTFCI
0 15 15 256 150 10 8 2
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PRACH access procedureStart when receive REQ from MAC
Random selection(available access slot and signature)
K := Kmax and set the Commanded Preamble Power to appropriate value
Transmit a access preamble
AI +1 nor -1
Random selection(next available access slot and signature)
K = K - 1 and increase the Commanded Preamble Power
K > 0 ? & Preamble Power not exceed?
AI = +1 ?
Send No ACK to MAC;exit;
Send ACK to MAC;Send RACH message
when receive DATA REQ from MAC;
exit;
Send NACK to MAC;exit;
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
PHY_ACCESS_RACH_REQ
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Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
• Acqusistion Indicator Channel (AICH)– User for RACH channel indication– For the detection of AICH MS used Common pilot channel– To all MS in the cell: high power, low data rate
AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0
a1 a2a0 a31 a32a30 a33 a38 a39
AI part Unused part
20 ms
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Physical Layer Operations in making a phone call
MSMS BSBS
Listen Broadcast Information
Wait for Paging
Power on
Cell Search
Establish a dedicate connection for a callEstablish a dedicate connection for a call
Release connection for a callRelease connection for a call
Data Transmission and ReceptionData Transmission and Reception5.5.
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Dedicated Physical Channel
• DPCCH (Dedicated physical control channel) is constaconstant bit ratent bit rate and carries all the information in order to keep physical connection running– Reference symbols for channel estimation in coherent detecti
on and for SIR estimation in fast power control– Power control signalling bits (TPC)– Transport format information (TFCI) = bit rate, interleaving
• DPDCH (Dedicated physical data channel) is variable bvariable bit rateit rate and carriers User data– DPDCH bit rate is indicated with TFI bits on DPCCH
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Downlink dedicated physical channel(1/3)
• Time multiplexed DPCCH and DPDCH:– DCH is carried by DPDCH– Discontinuous transmission in DPDCH fields in
order to handle variable data rates
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Downlink dedicated physical channel(2/3)
• The DPDCH and DPCCH have the same power and the same SF• DPDCH spreading factor from 512 (7.5 ksps) to 4 (960 ksps)• For example: SF = 8
– 3.84x10^6/8/1000=480 ksps=960 kbps– I/Q modulation (QPSK): 2 bit = 1 symbol
• Procedure in the UE when receiving DL-DPCH:– Estimate the SIR (Pilot)– Detect TPC and adjust UL Tx power– Detect the used bit-rate and interleaving (TFCI)– Detect the data (Data): needs buffering of the Data field
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Downlink DPCH FieldsDPDCH
Bits/Slot
DPCCH
Bits/Slot
Slot
Format
#i
Channel
Bit Rate
(kbps)
Channel
Symbol
Rate
(ksps)
SF Bits/
Slot
NData1 NData2 NTPC NTFCI NPilot
Transmitted
slots per
radio frame
NTr 0 15 7.5 512 10 0 4 2 0 4 15
1 15 7.5 512 10 0 2 2 2 4 15
2 30 15 256 20 2 14 2 0 2 15
3 30 15 256 20 2 12 2 2 2 15
4 30 15 256 20 2 12 2 0 4 15
5 30 15 256 20 2 10 2 2 4 15
6 30 15 256 20 2 8 2 0 8 15
7 30 15 256 20 2 6 2 2 8 15
8 60 30 128 40 6 28 2 0 4 15
9 60 30 128 40 6 26 2 2 4 15
10 60 30 128 40 6 24 2 0 8 15
11 60 30 128 40 6 22 2 2 8 15
12 120 60 64 80 12 48 4 8* 8 15
13 240 120 32 160 28 112 4 8* 8 15
14 480 240 16 320 56 232 8 8* 16 15
15 960 480 8 640 120 488 8 8* 16 15
16 1920 960 4 1280 248 1000 8 8* 16 15
Half Rate
Speech
144Kbps
384Kbps
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Downlink dedicated physical channel(3/3)
• DPDCH bit rate can change frame-by-frame (10 ms)• Rate matching done to the maximum bit-rate of the
connection• Lower bit rates obtained with discontinuous transmission
(no audible interference)• The usable DL bit-rate allocated by the Radio Resource
Management (RRM) algorithms (in this case Admission Control)
• Discontinuous transmission:
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Downlink spreading and modulation
DPCHDPCH
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Uplink dedicated physical channel(1/3)
• There can be several uplink DPDCH for one mobile but only one DPCCH– TFCI = Transport Format Combination Indicator– TPC = Transmitted Power Control– FBI = Feedback information (for Tx antenna diversity)
DPCCH
DPDCH
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Uplink dedicated physical channel(2/3)
• DPDCH spreading factor from 256 (15 ksps) to 4 (960 ksps)• DPCCH spreading factor from 256 (15 ksps) = constant• For example: SF = 16
– 3.84x10^6/16/1000=240 kbps• I/Q modulation (QPSK): 1 bit = 1 symbol• Procedure in the base station when receiving UL-DPDCH/DPCCH:
– Estimate the SIR (Pilot)– Detect TPC and adjust DL Tx power– Detect the used bit-rate and interleaving (TFCI)– Detect the data (Data): needs buffering of the Data field
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Uplink DPDCH Field
Slot Format #i
Channel Bit Rate (kbps)
Channel Symbol Rate
(ksps)
SF Bits/ Frame
Bits/ Slot
Ndata
0 15 15 256 150 10 10 1 30 30 128 300 20 20 2 60 60 64 600 40 40 3 120 120 32 1200 80 80 4 240 240 16 2400 160 160 5 480 480 8 4800 320 320 6 960 960 4 9600 640 640
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Uplink DPCCH FieldsSlot
Format#i
Channel BitRate (kbps)
ChannelSymbol Rate
(ksps)
SF Bits/Frame
Bits/Slot
Npilo
t
NTPC NTFCI NFBI Transmitted slots per
radioframe
0 15 15 256 150 10 6 2 2 0 150A 15 15 256 150 10 5 2 3 0 10-140B 15 15 256 150 10 4 2 4 0 8-91 15 15 256 150 10 8 2 0 0 8-152 15 15 256 150 10 5 2 2 1 15
2A 15 15 256 150 10 4 2 3 1 10-142B 15 15 256 150 10 3 2 4 1 8-93 15 15 256 150 10 7 2 0 1 8-154 15 15 256 150 10 6 2 0 2 8-155 15 15 256 150 10 5 1 2 2 15
5A 15 15 256 150 10 4 1 3 2 10-145B 15 15 256 150 10 3 1 4 2 8-9
• There are two possible compressed slot formats for each normal slot format. They are labelled A and B and the selection between them is dependent on the number of slots that are transmitted in each frame in compressed mode. The channel bit and symbol rates given in table 2 are the rates immediately before spreading.
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Uplink dedicated physical channel(3/3)
• DPDCH bit rate can change frame-by-frame (10 ms)• Higher bit rate requires more transmission power• Also DPCCH power is higher for higher bit-rates in order to
enable accurate channel estimation• Continuous transmission regardless of the bit rate• Admission control in RNC allocates those bit rates that can be
used on physical layer
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Uplink spreading on dedicated channels
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Power Control in W-CDMA (1/4)
Power Control
Uplink
Downlink
Open Loop
Closed Loop
Inner Loop
Outer Loop
Closed Loop
Inner Loop
Outer Loop
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Power Control in W-CDMA (2/4)
UE
Node B
UL
Open loop
UE
Node B
Close loop
UL
DL
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Power Control in W-CDMA (3/4)
Node B RNCUE
Inner Loop
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Power Control in W-CDMA (4/4)
Node B RNCUE
Outer Loop
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Illustration of Power Control
Selector
Inner LoopControl
SIRMeasurement
Outer LoopControl
FrameError
Detector
ViterbiDecoder
RAKEReceiver
MatchedFilter
RAKEReceiver
Accumulator
Tx Data
+
AGC
Base Station Mobile Station
FER
SIRtarget
SIR
Tx DataInner Loop
Outer Loop
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Transmitter Power Control Timing
Data2Data1
*1,2 The SIR measurement periods illustrated here are examples. Other ways of measurement are allowed to achieve accurate SIR estimation.*3 If there is not enough time for UTRAN to respond to the TPC, the action can be delayed until the next slot.
Data1TPC
Data1TPC
PILOTPILOT
PILOT
ResponseTo TPC (*3)
TPC
DL SIRmeasurement (*1)
PILOT TFCI TPC
DL-UL timing offset (1024 chips)
Slot (2560 chips)
PILOTPILOT Data2Data1TPC
PILOTPILOT TFCI TPC
Slot (2560 chips)
Propagation delay
UL SIRmeasurement (*2)
Responseto TPC
DL DPCCHat UTRAN
Propagation delay
DL DPCCHat UE
UL DPCCHat UTRAN
UL DPCCHat UE
512 chips
TFCI
TFCI
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Physical Layer Operations in making a phone call
MSMS BSBS
Listen Broadcast Information
Wait for Paging
Power on
Cell Search
Establish a dedicate connection for a callEstablish a dedicate connection for a call
Release connection for a callRelease connection for a call
Data Transmission and ReceptionData Transmission and Reception
6.6.