WCDMA Load Control for XXX Workshop
Transcript of WCDMA Load Control for XXX Workshop
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Apr. 2006
Node B Products of Huawei
May 2008
WCDMA Load Control
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential Page 2
Overview
PUC
CAC
IAC
LDR
OLC
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Load Control exists in all phases
Load Control is used to keep system stable, maximize system capacity while
ensuring the coverage and QoS.
Different load control algorithms according to different phases provided:
- Before UE access: Potential User Control (PUC)
- During UE access: Call Admission Check (CAC) and Intelligent Access Control (IAC)
- After UE access: Load Reshuffling (LDR), and Overload Control (OLC)
3. After UE access2. During UE access1. Before UE access
Time
LDRCACPUC
OLC
IAC
PUC: Potential User Control CAC: Call Admission Control
IAC: Intelligent Admission Control LDR: Load Reshuffling
OLC: Overload Control
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Load control features
PUC
The function of PUC is to balance traffic load among inter-frequency cells. By modifying
cell selection and reselection parameters and broadcasting them through system
information, PUC leads UEs to cells with light load. The UEs may be in idle mode,
CELL_FACH state, CELL_PCH state, or URA_PCH state.
CAC
The function of CAC is to decide on resource requests from UEs, such as access,
reconfiguration, and handover requests, according to the resource status of the cell.
IACThe function of IAC is to increase the access success rate with the current QoS assured
through rate negotiation, queuing, preemption, and Direct Retry Decision (DRD).
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Load control features
LDR
The function of LDR is to reduce the load of a cell when the available resources of the cell
reach the specified alarm threshold. The purpose of LDR is to increase the access
success rate in the following ways:
Inter-frequency load handover
Code reshufflingBE service rate reduction
AMR voice service rate reduction
Uncontrolled realtime traffic QoS renegotiation
CS inter-RAT load handover
PS inter-RAT load handover
OLC
The function of OLC is to reduce the cell load rapidly by restricting the Transport Format
(TF) of the BE service or releasing UEs when the cell is overloaded. The purpose of OLC
is to ensure the stability of the system and the QoS of most UEs.
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Load Control for different cell load level
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Thresholds and actions of the load control
algorithms
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RAB integrate priority
If the value of the parameter is set to Traffic Class, the integrate
priority abides by the following rules:
Classes of services: conversational -> streaming -> interactive ->
background
Services of the same class: priority based on Allocation/Retention Priority
(ARP) values
Only for the interactive service of the same ARP value: priority based on
THP
Services of the same class and priority: HSDPA or DCH service preferred
on the basis of the value of the Indicator of Carrier Type Priority
parameter
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RAB integrate priority
If the value of the parameter is set to ARP, the integrate priority
abides by the following rules:
ARP1 -> ARP2 -> ARP3 -> ARP14
Same ARP value: conversational -> streaming -> interactive ->
background
Only for the interactive service of the same ARP: priority based on THP
Services of the same ARP, class and THP (only for interactive service ):
HSDPA or DCH service preferred on the basis of the value of theIndicator of Carrier Type Priority parameter
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Priority Definition - Example
RAB ID ARP Traffic Class THP Bear Type
A 1 Interactive 3 DCH
B 1 Interactive 3 HSDPA
C 2 Conversational DCH
D 2 Background DCH
E 2 Background HSDPA
F 2 Streaming DCH
Services with different ARP/TC/THP/Bear
ARP is the top-priority, and HSDPA over DCH
TC is the top-priority, and HSDPA over DCH
RANK ARP Traffic Class THP Bear Type
B 1 Interactive 3 HSDPA
A 1 Interactive 3 DCH
C 2 Conversational DCH
F 2 Streaming DCH
E 2 Background HSDPA
D 2 Background DCH
RANK Traffic Class ARP THP Bear Type
C Conversational 2 DCH
F Streaming 2 DCH
B Interactive 1 3 HSDPA
A Interactive 1 3 DCH
E Background 2 HSDPA
D Background 2 DCH
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Priority Definition in Huawei Implementation
User Prior i ty
ARP 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
User
PriorityERROR 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
User Integrate Priority:
- For multiple-RAB users, determined by the service with the highest
RAB Integrate Prior i ty.
User Prior i ty:
Gold(1)
Silver(2)Bronze(3)
Typical Mapping of ARP and User Priority
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GBR Configuration in Huawei Implementation
For R99 I/B services Uplink BE Guarantee Bit rateand Downlink BE Guarantee Bit rateare configurable
respectively per cell. Uplink B E Guarantee Bitrateis used in BE downsizing due to uplink cell basic congestion.
Downlink BE Guarantee Bit rateis used in BE downsizing due to downlink coverage and
downlink cell basic congestion.
For R99 and HSDPA RT services GBR is in accordance with the requested guaranteed bit rate in RAB parameters.
For HSDPA I/B services Different GBRs are configured for Gold/Silver/Copper user.
Gold Silver Copper
Uplink 64kbps 64kbps 64kbps
Downlink 64kbps 64kbps 64kbps
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Overview
PUC
CAC
IAC
LDR
OLC
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Potentioal User Control
The PUC algorithm controls the cell selection of a potential UE and prevents an idle UE from
camping on a heavy load cell.
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Potentioal User Control
Cell load comes with three levels: heavy, normal, and light.
When cell load is higher than the load level division upper threshold plus the load level division
hysteresis, it is decided to be heavy.
When cell load is lower than the load level lower threshold plus the load level division hysteresis, it is
decided to be light.
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Potentioal User Control
Based on the cell load, PUC works as follows:
If the cell load becomes heavy, PUC modifies cell selection and reselection
parameters and broadcasts them through system information. In this way, PUC
leads UEs to neighboring cells with light load.
If the cell load becomes normal, PUC uses the cell selection and reselection
parameters configured on the LMT.
If the cell load becomes light, PUC modifies cell selection and reselectionparameters and broadcasts them through system information. In this way, PUC
leads UEs to this cell.
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Overview
PUC
CAC
IAC
LDR
OLC
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Resource Admission Check Overview
Affected users Users in connected mode
Procedure Make decision whether to admit
new users or service upgrade
according to the available system
resources.
Resources to
check
1. DL Channelization Code
2. Radio Resource: Power /
Interference
3. Credit: Resource
4. Iub transmission bandwidth
For
HSDPA/HSUPA
Maximum user number per Cell /
NodeB
Admission request
Code resource
based admission?
Credit resource
based admission?
Iub resource
based admission?
Resource admission passed
Power resource
based admission?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Resource admission denied
No
No
No
No
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Admission Check of Radio Resource
UL and DL independently
On the basis of TCP / RTWP
On the basis of equivalent user number
Request initiation
Uplink calladmission desicion
Admitted?
Downlink calladmission desicion
Admitted?
Request admitted Request rejected
End
No
No
Yes
Yes
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Admission Algorithm Selection
Algorithm 1: based on TCP/RTWP measurement and load increment estimation
Downlink:
Load level definition: TCP (Transmitted Carrier Power)
Uplink:
Load level definition: load factor
Load increment of the new request is taken into consideration.
Algorithm2: based on static Equivalent Number of Users calculation
Standard user: 12.2kbps AMR with active factor 100%.
Algorithm 3: based on current TCP/RTWP measurement
Based on TCP/RTWP measurement;
Load increment of the new request is not taken into consideration
RTWP
PN
UL1
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Uplink Admission Algorithm 1 & 3
)/( NoEcFun
Uplink admission control request
Get measured RTWP and calculate
the current uplink load factor.
Calculate the increment of the
uplink load due to the request.
Get the predicted uplink load
factor.
RTWP
PNUL
1
LUULpredictedUL +
,
Compare the predicted value withadmission threshold
! Increment is alwaysequal to ZEROwhen
algorithm 3 is applied
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Downlink Admission Algorithm 1&3
)/_,/( NoEcCPICHNoEcFunP
Downlink admission control request
Get measured current TCP
Calculate the increment of thedownlink power due to the request.
Get the predicted downlink totalpower
Compare the predicted power withadmission threshold
TCP
PTCPP +predicted
! Increment is alwaysequal to ZEROwhen
algorithm 3 is applied
+
++
+ )()1()/_(/1
/)1(
1010
10 NPNECPICH
P
NE
NENP
Nc
CPICH
Nc
Nc
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Priority Handling of Admission Check
Parameters Default value
UL Handover access threshold 80
UL threshold of Conv AMR service 75
UL threshold of Conv non_AMR service 75
UL threshold of other services 60
Threshold for uplink radio resource admission check
Parameters Default value
DL Handover access threshold 85
DL threshold of Conv AMR service 80
DL threshold of Conv non_AMR service 80
DL threshold of other services 75
Threshold for downlink radio resource admission check
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Code Management
Code management is used to manage the code resource between all the
physical channels, including common channel (CCH) e.g. PCPICH and
PCCPCH, dedicated channel (DPCH), and shared channel (HSDPA).
DPCHCCH
SF=16SF=8
SF=
4
HSDPA
Code for DPCH:
- Dynamically allocated
Code for common channel:
- Reserved
Code for HSDPA:- Shared with R99 (Refer to HSDPA part)
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Code Allocation Mechanism
Reserve the codes
with smallest SF to
improve utilization
rate of whole code
tree.
On the basis of maximum free sub-tree
Less code
fragments
are left
SF=256SF=128 C(256,0):PCPICH
0 SF=64 C(256,1):PCCPCH
0 C(256,2): AICH 1
SF=32 C(256,3): PICH 0
SF=16 C(64,1):SCCPCH 0
C(128,2):DPCH 2 1 3
SF=8 3 0
SF=4 1 0 1
1
2 Occupied code3 Non-occupied code
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Admission Check of Iub Bandwidth
DPCH Service
Bandwidth consumption:
MBR * Act ive factor
HSDPA Service
Bandwidth consumption:
GBR * Act ive factor
Traffic Class
Active
Factor Scope
Common Channels 1
NodeB
SRB 0.9
Telephony (AMR&VOIP) 0.7
R99 Conversational (VP) 1
R99 Streaming 1
R99 Interactive 0.9
R99 Background 0.9
HSDPA Streaming 1
HSDPA Interactive 0.9HSDPA Background 0.9
Configurable
per service
type
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Admission Check of NodeB Credit
Admission Check:
Credits of local cell
Credits of local cell group
Credits of NodeB
Credit Consumption Law:
Reported from NodeB
In terms of SF
HSDPA is not involved
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Overview
PUC
CAC
IAC
LDR
OLC
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Intelligent Admission Control Overview
Preemption
Queuing
DRD
Admission
algorithm
Succeeded
Failed
Failed or not
supported
Failed or not
supported
Service requestdenied
Service requestadmitted
Failed
Succ-
eeded
Succ-eeded
Succ-eeded
Failed
Succ-
eeded
Failed
Succeeded Succeeded
RAB processing
RRC connection processing
Iu Qos Negotiation
algorithm switch
UE capability
RAB establishment
RAB modification
Inbound relocation
Ratereconfigurationhard handover
Cell loadinformation list LIT
Scenario
LDM CRM Others
DCCCalgorithm switch
Rate
negotiation
PS domain:maximum rate
negotiation
PS and CS
domains:
initial ratenegotiation
PS domain BEservice:
target rate
negotiation
Load admission
Code resource
admission
Iub resourceadmission
Credit resource
admission
FailedRRC connectionrequest
Admissionalgorithm
DRD Redirection
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Rate Negotiation in IAC
384kbps
256kbps
128kbps
64kbps
32kbps
UE capabilities
Physical layer capability Transport channel capability
RLC capabilityMaximum allowed bit rate
System load
Channelization codes
Iub transmission resources
Radio resources
Initial data rate / Target data rate
Scenarios: RAB setupRAB modify, reconfiguration
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Rate Negotiation in IAC
Rate negotiation includes the maximum expected rate negotiation
and initial rate negotiation.
Maximum expected rate negotiation
Initial rate negotiation
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Pre-emption and Queuing
Queuing
Weight based queuing
Periodically retry
Pre-emption
Low Priority
High
Priority
Integrate Priority considered:
- Traffic Class
- Allocation/Retention Priority
- Bear Type (R99/HSDPA)
- THP (Traffic Handling Priority)
Priority based
Pre-empt
Pqueue = Tmax Telapsed- Telapsed: the time which the service request has queued.
- Tmax: the maximum time which the service request can be
in the queue.
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Parameters: Intelligent Admission Control
Rate
Negotiation
1.PS maximum rate negotiation
2.PS & CS initial rate negotiation3.PS target rate negotiation
Pre-emption 1.User priority based pre-emption for R99
2.RAB priority based pre-emption forHSDPA
Queue 1.RAB priority based queuing.
DRD Switch
DRD 1.RRC connection direct retry
2.RRC connection redirection
3.RAB direct retry
Max Queuing Time Length
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Overview
PUC
CAC
IAC
LDR
OLC
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Load Reshuffling
Power
ResourcesIub Transmission
Resources
NodeB Credit
Resources
Handover DownsizingRAN-CN
Renegotiation
IRAT
HO
IF
HO
DCCC
AMRC
For
PS Streaming
Service Quality
UnchangeService Quality
Downgrade
CS
PS
Load Reshuffling (LDR)
Monitoring load, trigger
the actions
corresponding to basiccongestion
Code Resources
Code
Reshuffling
MBMS
Power Downgrading
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Available Reshuffling Actions And Objects
Resource UL/DL
LDR Actions
Inter-
Freq HO
BE Rate
Reduction
Inter-
RAT
CS HO
Inter-
RAT PS
HO
AMR
Reduction
Iu QoS
Renegotiation
Code
Reshuffling
MBMS Power
Downgrading
PowerResource
UL DL
Code
Resource
UL .
DL
NodeB Credit
UL
DL
Iub Transport
Resource
UL
DL
Object
LDR Actions
Inter-
Freq HO
BE Rate
Reduction
Inter-
RAT CSHO
Inter-
RAT PSHO
AMR
Reduction
Iu QoS
Renegotiation
Code
Reshuffling
MBMS Power
Downgrading
DCH
HSDPA
HSUPA
MBMS
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Load Reshuffling Due To Power Limitation
trigldrN Thr
RTWP
PRTWP_
Uplink
Downlink
sup _ max max( min( , ))non hspa GBR h a res hspa total ldr P GBP P P P Thr + +
Reserved power for HSUPArelated DL channels (The
power of downlink control
channels (E-AGCH/E-
RGCH/E-HICH) )
Dl HSUPA reserved factor
ADD CELLCAC
RTWP based UL LDR
Power based DL LDR
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Load Reshuffling Due To Code Limitation
Trigger condition
Cell SF reserve threshold
Max user number of code adjust
ADD CELLLDR
Actions
Minimum available SF > reserved SF_Thd
Code reshuffling
BE rate reduction
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Load Reshuffling Due To NodeB Credit Limitation
Trigger condition
Actions
, , , _ NodeB UL NodeB current UL Ldr ULC C Thr
, , , _ NodeB DL NodeB current DL Ldr DLC C Thr
UL/DL separate
Inter-RAT PS/CS HO
BE rate reduction
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Load Reshuffling Due To ENU Limitation
resCCHDCHDL NNN _+
trigldr
Max
UL
ThrK
K_
UL
CCH
UL
DCH
UL
StreamH
UL
BEH
UL
HSUPA
ULKKKKKK ++++
Uplink
Downlink
For R99 cell
ldrdchresCCHDCH ThrNNN + m ax_
For HSDPA cell
If ENU based DL LDR is enabled, HSDPA users shall not beselected to perform load reshuffling actions.
ENU based UL LDR
T i f LDR
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Triggers of LDR
Power Resource:
Load level > LDR trigger threshold
Iub Bandwidth:
Available Iub bandwidth < predefined threshold
MML command Parameter name Parameter ID Default value
ADD/MOD CELLLDM UL/DL LDR trigger threshold ULLDRTRIGTHD
DLLDRTRIGTHD
55%
70%
ADD/MOD
AAL2ADJNODE
RT Forward congestion control threshold
RT Backward congestion control thresholdNRT Forward congestion control threshold
NRT Backward congestion control threshold
HsRT Forward congestion control threshold
HsRT Backward congestion control threshold
HsNrt Forward congestion control threshold
HsNrt Backward congestion control threshold
RTFWCONGTHD
RTBWCONGTHDNRTFWCONGTHD
NRTBWCONGTHD
HSRTFWCONGTHD
HSRTBWCONGTHD
HSNRTFWCONGTHD
HSNRTBWCONGTHD
95%
95%95%
95%
95%
95%
95%
95%
No
Check the load of theserving periodically
Is the load higher thanbasic congestion trigger
threshold
Take congestion
release measures
Yes
No
End load adjustment
Yes
Is the load lower thanbasic congestion release
threshold
Inter Frequency Handover in LDR
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Inter-Frequency Handover in LDR
Candidate target cell:
LDR trigger threshold in target cell current load level in target cell >
Predefined threshold in target cell
Candidate users:
Users with the lowest Integrated Priority
Bit rate smaller than the predefined maximum bandwidth
Action:
Blind handover
Cell 1
Cell 2
Load: high
Load: low
MML command Parameter name Parameter ID Default
value
ADD/LST/MOD
CELLLDR
UL/DL Inter-freq cell load
handover load space threshold
ULINTERFREQHOCELLLOAD
SPACETHD
DLINTERFREQHOCELLLOAD
SPACETHD
20 (%)
UL/DL Inter-freq cell load
handover maximum bandwidth
ULINTERFREQHOBWTHD/DLI
NTERFREQHOBWTHD
400 (kbps)
BE R t R d ti i LDR
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BE Rate Reduction in LDR
Candidate Users:
Users with the lowest integrated priority
Only BE services are involved.
Action:
Reconfiguration
Highest High Lowest
Bit rate
GBR
Priority
384kbps
128kbps
64k 64k 64k
MML command Parameter name Parameter ID Default
value
ADD/LST/MOD
CELLLDR
UL/DL LDR-BE rate
reduction RAB number
ULLDRBERATEREDUCTION
RABNUM
DLLDRBERATEREDUCTION
RABNUM
1
AMR R t R d ti i LDR
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AMR Rate Reduction in LDR
Candidate service:
AMR service with the lowest integrated priority
Action:
Downlink: Rate control over Iu interface
Uplink: TFC control over Uu interface.
MML command Parameter name Parameter ID Default
value
ADD/LST/MOD
CELLLDR
UL/DL LDR-AMR rate
reduction RAB number
ULLDRAMRRATEREDUCTIONR
ABNUM
DLLDRAMRRATEREDUCTIONR
ABNUM
3
RT S i Q S R ti ti i LDR
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RT Service QoS Renegotiation in LDR
Candidate service:
PS streaming
Action:
QoS renegotiation over Iu
1) RNC: RAB modification request (Iu)
2) CN: RAB assignment (Iu)
3) RNC: reconfiguration (Iub/Uu)
MML command Parameter name Parameter ID Default
value
ADD/LST/MOD
CELLLDR
UL/DL LDR un-ctrl RT
Qos re-nego RAB num
ULLDRPSRTQOSRENEGRAB
NUM
DLLDRPSRTQOSRENEGRABNUM
1
Inter RAT Handover of LDR
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Inter-RAT Handover of LDR
Candidate target cell:
2G cells with same/bigger coverage as serving 3G cell
Candidate users:
User with lowest Integrated Priority
Actions:
PS service inter-RAT handover
CS service inter-RAT handover
WCDMA
GSM CELL
Load: high
MML command Parameter name Parameter ID Default
value
ADD/LST/MOD
CELLLDR
UL/DL LDR PS inter-
rat ho user number
ULLDRPSINTERRATHOUSERNUM
DLLDRPSINTERRATHOUSERNUM
1
UL/DL LDR CS inter-
rat ho user number
ULLDRCSINTERRATHOUSERNUM
DLLDRCSINTERRATHOUSERNUM
3
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Overview
PUC
CAC
IAC
LDR
OLC
Overload Control (OLC)
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Overload Control (OLC)
Actions supported:
TFC Control of R99 BE service
Drop of low priority UEs
Sequence of OLC actions:
Fast TFC control -> Call drop of UEs
Check the load of the
serving periodically
Is the load higher than
overload congestion trigger
threshold
Yes
No
Yes
No
Take actions to release
congestionEnd load adjustment
Is the load lower thanoverload congestion release
threshold
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Fast TFC Control in OLC
Monitor Cell Load
If Cell load >
Congestion threshold
Congestion Detected
and inform MAC
Congestion Relieved
and infrom MAC
MAC decrease the
max TF number
Start a Adjust Timer
expires
Kill the Adjust Timer
MAC increase the
max TF number
Start a Recover Timer
expires
Downlink TFC Control
Performed within MAC-d/RNC
Uplink TFC Control
RNC -> UE: TFC control
P t f O l d C t l
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Parameters of Overload Control
MML command Parameter name Parameter ID Default value
ADD/LST/MOD
CELLLDM
UL/DL OLC trigger threshold ULOLCTRIGTHD
DLOLCTRIGTHD
95%
UL/DL OLC Release threshold ULOLCRELTHD DLOLCRELTHD 90%
ADD/LST/MOD
CELLOLC
UL/DL OLC fast TF restrict RAB number ULOLCFTFRSTRCTRABNUM
DLOLCFTFRSTRCTRABNUM
3
Data rate restrict coefficient RATERSTRCTCOEF 68%
DL OLC fast TF restrict data rate restrict
timer length
RATERSTRCTTIMERLEN 3S
DL OLC fast TF restrict data rate recover
timer length
RATERECOVERTIMERLEN 5S
UL/DL OLC traff release RAB number ULOLCTRAFFRELRABNUM
DLOLCTRAFFRELRABNUM
0
Summary: Load Control Parameter Classification
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Summary: Load Control Parameter Classification
RNC
RadioClass
GlobalParaClass CellClass
LDM.Class
CELLPUC.ClassUSERPRIORITY.Class
CORRMALGOSWITCH .Class
FRC.Class
QUEUEPREEMPT.Class
CELLLDM.Class
CELLLDR.Class
CELLOLC.Class
CELLCAC.Class
UL/DL basic meas rprt cy cle, Unit:10ms
UL/DL basic meas rprt cycle, Unit:min
LDM.Class
Integrate Prior i ty Configured Reference
Indicator of Carr ier Type Prior i ty
USERPRIORITY.Class
RAB Downs iz ing Swi tch
Switcher for IU QoS Negotiat ion
CORRMALGOSWITCH .Class
Upl ink ini t ial access rates
Downl ink in i t ial access rates
FRC .Class
CELLLDR.Class
UL/DL Inter-freq cell load handov er load space threshold
UL/DL Inter-f req cel l load handover maximum bound width
UL/DL LDR-BE rate reduct io n RAB num ber
UL/DL LDR un-ctrl RT Qos re-nego RAB num
UL/DL LDR CS inter-rat ho user num ber
UL/DL LDR PS inter-rat ho user num ber
UL/DL LDR-AMR rate reduct ion RAB num ber
Load level div is ion threshold 1
Load level div is ion threshold 2
Load level div is ion hysteresis
CELLPUC.Class
Preempt algor i thm switch
Queue algor i thm switch
Poll t imer length
QUEUEPREEMPT.Class
UL threshold of Conv AMR service
UL threshold of Conv non _AMR service
UL threshold of other services
UL Handover access threshold
DL threshold of Conv AMR service
DL threshold of Conv non _AMR service
DL threshold of other services
DL Handover access threshold
DL total nonhsdpa equivalent user number
Maximum HSDPA user number
CELLCAC.Class
UL/DL OLC fast TF restrict t imes
UL/DL OLC fast TF restrict RAB number
Data rate restr ict coeff ic ient
UL/DL OLC traff release RAB num ber
CELLOLC.Class
UL/DL LDR trigger threshold
UL/DL LDR release threshold
UL/DL OLC Trigger threshold
UL/DL OLC Release threshold
CELLLDM.Class
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Thank You