Granulocytes

( segmented)

Agranulocytes(nonsegmented)

Basophil

Eosinophil

Neutrophil

Monocyte

lymphocyte

Neutrophile• Nucleus is segmented (3-5 segments).• Has dust like granules.• In poultry called Heterophile

( Pseudoesinophile)o which has granules in the form of Red-rod

shape granule

Mammalian Equine

nucleus (3-5 segments). basophilic granules, that masking the

nucleus.

1- Lymphocyte : Small & Large lymphocytes. Nucleus occupy most size of the cell,

leaving thin rim of cytoplasm. chromatin is of condensed type ( dark

stained)

2- Monocyte :

• Large size cell

• Kidney shape or irregular nucleus

• Chromatine of the nucleus has thready appearance.

• Cytoplasm contain lysozymes ( cytoplasmic vacules).

• toxic change in neutrophils is not necessarily associated with "toxemia". • The term derives from the fact that these abnormalities were first noticed in human patients with gram negative sepsis and endotoxemia. • However, toxic change in neutrophils do not reflect a "toxic effect" of bacteria on neutrophils but are morphologic abnormalities acquired during maturation under conditions that intensely stimulate neutrophil production and shorten the maturation time in marrow. •This accelerated maturation occurs secondary to cytokine stimulation, which is usually in reponse to inflammation. 

Signs of toxic changes ( or accellerated maturation):-Signs of toxic changes ( or accellerated maturation):-

 the cells retain immature features, including increased amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum or ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

lighter chromatin than normal.

Specific granules may be less visible than in normally mature cells and, in some species, primary granules (normally inapparent in neutrophils) retain their staining affinity for the stains used for peripheral blood.

The cells can also have frothy or vacuolated cytoplasm.

• Dohle bodies,

Diffuse basophilia

• Cytoplasmic foaminess

• Toxic granulation

bluish, angular cytoplasmic inclusion, Located at the periphery of cytoplasm of neutrophils. representing retained aggregates of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The earliest and first indication of toxic change. Dohle bodies form in neutrophils with storage (storage-related artifact),

so Dohle bodies alone do not always indicate toxic change.  healthy cats can have low numbers of small Dohle bodies.

diffuse irregular blue appearance to the cytoplasm.

Due to the presence of polyribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Can be seen during bacteremia and generalized infection .

These are indistinct vacuoles in the cytoplasm, giving it a frothy appearance

Due to degranulation of lysosomes, which result in autodigesion.

Appear in sever inflammation.

Characterized by prominent purblish cytoplasmic granules.

1ry granules retain their staining affenity. most commonly seen in large animals

(horses, ruminants, camelids ). it’s presence suggest sever inflammatory

process.

Band cell

Hypersegmentation

Giant hypersegmentation

Band neutrophilHypersegmented neutrophil

(>5 segments)

Normal neutrophil

(3-5 segments)

Shift to left(Inflammation)

Shift to right(Aging)

Occurs in vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency (Megaloblastic anemia)