Waves, electricity, light, and the atom · Sound waves are the focus of Chapter 16. Guitars and...
Transcript of Waves, electricity, light, and the atom · Sound waves are the focus of Chapter 16. Guitars and...
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Waves,
electricity,
light, and the
atom
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Objectives
• Use an interactive digital keyboard to observe different
frequency sound waves.
• Investigate and analyze the frequency of sound waves.
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1. Name two devices you used today and identify aspects of physics
that were directly involved in how those technologies worked.
2. Which of these wave descriptors is related to the pitch of a sound
wave that you hear?
A. speed
B. frequency
C. amplitude
D. all of the above
Assessment
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Physics terms
• oscillation
• wave
• frequency
• period
• sound wave
• electricity
• electric charge
• magnetism
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Equations
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What is physics?
Physics includes the science of mechanics, which is
the study of motion, force, energy, and momentum.
But physics also includes many other fundamental
topics, such as: • oscillations and waves
• electricity
• magnetism
• light and optics
• atomic physics
• nuclear physics
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The physics of oscillations is introduced in
Chapter 14.
Oscillations
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The physics of oscillations is introduced in
Chapter 14.
Objects that vibrate back and forth are said
to be oscillators. They can be described in
terms of their frequency.
Oscillations
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The physics of oscillations is introduced in
Chapter 14.
Objects that vibrate back and forth are said
to be oscillators. They can be described in
terms of their frequency.
A guitar string playing the note “A”
oscillates back and forth with a frequency
of 440 cycles/second (440 Hz).
Oscillations
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Chapter 15 describes waves, which are
traveling oscillations.
Waves
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Chapter 15 describes waves, which are
traveling oscillations.
Ripples, radio waves and light are all
examples of waves.
Waves
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Chapter 15 describes waves, which are
traveling oscillations.
Ripples, radio waves and light are all
examples of waves.
Waves carry energy and information.
Waves
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Sound waves are the focus of
Chapter 16.
Sound waves
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Sound waves are the focus of
Chapter 16.
Guitars and pianos use oscillating
strings to create sound waves.
Sound waves
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Sound waves are the focus of
Chapter 16.
Guitars and pianos use oscillating
strings to create sound waves.
Trumpets and pipe organs use
vibrating columns of air to create
sound waves.
Sound waves
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Sound waves are the focus of
Chapter 16.
Guitars and pianos use oscillating
strings to create sound waves.
Trumpets and pipe organs use
vibrating columns of air to create
sound waves.
Ultra-high sound frequencies can
produce images of an unborn child.
Sound waves
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Investigation
Click open this
simulation on
page 10.
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Investigation
Sound is an excellent model
for a whole class of physical
phenomena involving waves.
This investigation explores
some of the basic properties
of sound waves.
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Part 1: The perception of frequency
Investigation
1. Use the interactive keyboard
to play and observe different
single-note sounds.
2. The volume control on your
computer sets the volume.
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Questions for Part 1
Investigation
a. What property of sound
corresponds to the perception
of high or low pitch?
b. How long does one oscillation
of a 349 Hz sound wave take?
c. Can you come up with a
mathematical relationship
between the frequency of a
sound and time to make one
complete oscillation?
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Part 2: The richness of sound
Investigation
1. Listen to two different
frequencies of sound at the
same time.
2. Play notes that are close
together and that are far
apart.
3. Play notes that have the
same name but different
frequencies.
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Questions for Part 2
Investigation
a. Can you distinguish the two
individual frequencies?
b. How does a 2-frequency
sound wave compare with a
single frequency?
c. Are there combinations that
sound bad? If so, when do
they occur?
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Electricity
Chapter 17 introduces the technology of
electricity.
In many ways, electricity is the technology
that ushered in the modern age.
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Chapter 17 introduces the technology of
electricity.
In many ways, electricity is the technology
that ushered in the modern age.
THINK:
What are some devices you use every day
that would not be possible without
electricity?
Electricity
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Electricity exists because matter has a
property called electric charge, which is
described in chapter 18.
Electricity
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Electricity exists because matter has a
property called electric charge, which is
described in chapter 18.
Inside all atoms are negatively-charged
particles called electrons and positively-
charged particles called protons.
Electricity
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Electricity exists because matter has a
property called electric charge, which is
described in chapter 18.
Inside all atoms are negatively charged
particles called electrons and positively
charged particles called protons.
Lightning is one way to see the effects of
electric charge, but hopefully not to
experience it!
Electricity
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Magnetism
With magnets, opposite poles attract and
like poles repel.
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Magnetism
With magnets, opposite poles attract and
like poles repel.
In Chapter 19 you will learn how moving
electric charges create magnetic forces.
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With magnets, opposite poles attract and
like poles repel.
In Chapter 19 you will learn how moving
electric charges create magnetic forces.
The reverse is also true: moving magnets
can induce electric charge to move.
Magnetism
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Light and optics
We can only see objects around us if they
emit or reflect light.
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Light and optics
We can only see objects around us if they
emit or reflect light.
Light travels in straight lines. Mirrors and
lenses can redirect light to form images.
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We can only see objects around us if they
emit or reflect light.
Light travels in straight lines. Mirrors and
lenses can redirect light to form images.
You will learn the basic concepts of light
and optics in chapters 20 - 22.
Light and optics
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Chapter 23 – 25 examine the ways in
which matter is affected by heat.
The movement of molecules and atoms
determines the temperature of objects.
Matter and heat
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Chapter 23 – 25 examine the ways in
which matter is affected by heat.
The movement of molecules and atoms
determines the temperature of objects.
Heat engines harness this thermal
energy to do useful work.
Matter and heat
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Atoms and the structure of matter
Chapter 26 describes the
structure of the atom – the
smallest possible piece of an
element.
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Atoms and the structure of matter
Chapter 26 describes the
structure of the atom – the
smallest possible piece of an
element.
Inside each atom are protons,
neutrons and electrons.
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Chapter 26 describes the
structure of the atom – the
smallest possible piece of an
element.
Inside each atom are protons,
neutrons and electrons.
Quantum physics was invented
to explain the behavior of the
universe on very small scales.
Atoms and the structure of matter
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Nuclear physics
At the heart of an atom is the
nucleus and the vast energies
it contains.
You will learn about nuclear
physics in chapter 27.
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At the heart of an atom is the
nucleus and the vast energies
it contains.
You will learn about nuclear
physics in chapter 27.
The US is the world’s largest
producer of nuclear energy.
About 20% of our nation’s
electricity is generated by
nuclear reactors.
Nuclear physics
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Assessment
1. Name two devices you used today and identify aspects of physics
that were directly involved in how those technologies worked.
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1. Name two devices you used today and identify aspects of physics
that were directly involved in how those technologies worked.
Assessment
Answers will vary. A possible example is a camera that
involves both electronics and optics.
2. Which of these wave descriptors is related to the pitch of a sound
wave that you hear?
A. speed
B. frequency
C. amplitude
D. all of the above
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1. Name two devices you used today and identify aspects of physics
that were directly involved in how those technologies worked.
Assessment
Answers will vary. A possible example is a camera that
involves both electronics and optics.
2. Which of these wave descriptors is related to the pitch of a sound
wave that you hear?
A. speed
B. frequency
C. amplitude
D. all of the above