Water’s Effects on Shaping the Earth’s Surface

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Water’s Effects on Shaping the Earth’s Surface 10.4

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Water’s Effects on Shaping the Earth’s Surface. 10.4. Weathering. The process of breaking down rock into smaller fragments Two main types: Physical Weathering: physical means such as being scratched by other rocks, not changing it’s composition - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Water’s Effects on Shaping the Earth’s Surface

Page 1: Water’s Effects on Shaping the Earth’s Surface

Water’s Effects on Shaping the Earth’s Surface

10.4

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Weathering

• The process of breaking down rock into smaller fragments

• Two main types:– Physical Weathering: physical means such as being

scratched by other rocks, not changing it’s composition

– Chemical Weathering: a chemical reaction causing the rocks to decompose or break down

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Physical weathering

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Chemical Weathering

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Biological Weathering

• If physical weathering has occurred by an animal or plant: Biological weathering

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Deposition

• Rocks and sediments are carried away eventually are DEPOSITED somewhere else

Examples: Sand dunes and Deltas

Note: deposition is also a term for a change of state from Gas to Solid

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Caves, Sink holes and Karst• Carbon dioxide is released

from respiration• When rain water mixes

with Carbon dioxide or from carbon in organic material -> the water becomes slightly acidic

• Acidic rain water mixes with calcium carbonate in the ground which creates caves, sinkholes or karst

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Karst

• An area with many sink holes

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Erosion by water and ice

• Moving water– Fast moving rivers– Outside banks along the

rivers– Ocean bluffs by wave

action

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Landslides

• Erosion by gravity

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Check

• Give two examples of physical weathering– Ice or Frost Wedging and Erosion

• What forms when carbon dioxide mixes with water vapour?– Carbonic Acid (Acid rain)

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Karst

• An area with many sinkholes.

• A sinkhole is an area where rock has been broken down by acidic ground water and it is close to the surface. Eventually over thousands of years, the ground above collapse.

• Vancouver Island and the Rocky Mountains have many Karsts– Carbonate rock that reacts with any acid in the ground

water.

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Feature Carved by Glacier

Description

Arete Narrow ridge (high ground) between two cirques

Cirque Bowl-shaped valley at the head of a glacier

Fiord A narrow inlet of ocean between steep cliffs carved by glaciers

Hanging Valley U-shaped valley cut off by a bigger valley created by a larger glacier

Horn Pyramid-shaped peak located between three cirques

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Deposited by water and iceFeature deposited by a Glacier

Description

Erratic Large boulder deposited on the ground by a glacier

Esker Winding ridge of material deposited by a stream running under a glacier

Moraine Ridge of rocky material deposited by a glacier. Moraines can be found at the sides and farthest advance of a glacier

Outwash Material deposited by water from melting glacier

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