Waterproofing of domestic wet areas compliance defect inspections
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WATERPROOFING OF DOMESTIC WET AREAS AS 3740 – 2010 Compliance & Inspections ½ Day Course
Transcript of Waterproofing of domestic wet areas compliance defect inspections
WATERPROOFING OF DOMESTIC WET AREAS
AS 3740 – 2010
Compliance & Inspections
½ Day Course
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Introduction: Aim of this course is to provide an understanding of internal wet area construction relevant to BCA requirements and compliance with BCA and AS3740-2010. This course details practical design applications compliant with the Standard and wet area defect awareness. While BCA and AS 3740-2010 compliance is mandatory, regional practices will vary according to local government requirements and market influences. Open discussion throughout the course is recommended, in order to identify local issues. Inspections covered are; stage inspections, membrane application compliance, and practical completion inspections. Practical completion inspections are used as a tool to identify non-compliant wet area construction through visual indicators. They should not be relied upon, alone, as it is not possible to observe correct substrate preparation, application practices, care of membranes through construction, or compatibility chains. These inspections are useful in observing visual indicators of the extent of application and likely compliance with AS 3740-2010. They should also be used to identify installation practices outside of the box, that require clarification. For example, Full wall and penetration treatment behind a vanity where the vanity is wall mounted to the face of tiling, or Type 2 junction flashing used as the perimeter barrier to a hob mount spa.
BCA Requirements
Building Code of Australia ( BCA ) reference AS 3740 – 2010 and Amendment 1 – 2012 as the technical Deemed to Satisfy building solution.
BCA and AS3740 are minimum mandatory requirements.
BCA Table 3.8.1.1 and AS 3740 Table C1 provide waterproof and water resistant requirements for designated wet areas.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Wet area rectification represents 70% of building defects nationally. Rectification costs are 6 to 10 times the initial cost of membrane installation. Shower reconstruction involves demolition, framing, plumbing connections, re-instate substrates, barriers, waterproofing, surface linings and fittings. This may cost $ 4000 to $ 6000, where the initial membrane application may have been $ 400 to $ 500. Shower reconstruction should not be limited to base rebuilds only. The complete risk area, being the full shower to minimum 1800mm height must be re-constructed to current BCA and AS 3740-2010 requirements. Medium risk areas are required to be re-instated to current BCA requirements, where they are affected requiring re-construction. Damaged flooring outside the shower area will demand the prescribed waterproofing treatment to the entire risk area. E.g.. Full bathroom floor and skirting. Collateral damage :replaster, repaint walls and ceilings. Replace damaged carpet etc. Above estimates are conservative. Most bathroom renovations are in the range of $15 000 to $20 000.
BCA Requirements
Waterproof Material − A material that is
impervious to moisture
Water Resistant Material − A material that will
not deteriorate when exposed to moisture
Presenter
Presentation Notes
The Standard’s Table C1 is reproduced in BCA as the key to identifying areas required to be waterproof and water resistant. Waterproof :a material that is impervious to water. Such as glass panel shower screen, bath tub, shower tray and waterproofing membranes. Water resistant :a material that will not degrade when exposed to moisture. Such as ceramic tiles, marble, C1 and C2 tile adhesives, mortar screed and cement grouts. Photo: non-water resistant carpet was installed as a wall lining around the entire bathroom. Timber floor is non- compliant floor finish.
The 2 Things Performance requirements by BCA Vol 1 FP 1.6 and
Vol 2 P 2.4.1 Class 1 to 10 “To protect the structure of the building and to maintain the
amenity of the occupants, water must be prevented from penetrating a) behind fittings and linings; or b) into concealed spaces of sanitary facilities, bathrooms,
laundries and the like” Class 2 to 9 “Overflow…must be prevented from penetrating to – another
sole occupancy unit… - public areas…in a storey below in the same building.”
KEEP WATER CONTAINED WITHIN THE DESIGNATED WET AREA !
.
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Presentation Notes
Wet area design and construction principles must retain water in the designated wet area. BCA requires that water is not allowed to damage other building elements. This means that water is not allowed to enter other rooms or cavities. A shower recess is classified as a wet area, in it’s own right. Therefore water should not exit the shower area, even though it may be traversing into another waterproofed bathroom floor. This is common with hobless showers, where there is no or ineffective barrier angle. BCA also states that the health and amenity of the occupants must not be adversely affected. Membrane applications below screed, with ineffective sub-tile drainage will result in bed saturation and bacterial colonisation. This results in mould concentrations. BCA Vol 1 requires that water is restricted from entering sleeping accommodation and public spaces, in storeys below, through overflow. This requirement means that wet areas are to have a graded and waterproofed floor with falls to an overflow floor waste.
BCA Compliance
Designated Wet Areas ( Table C1 ) − Shower – High Risk
− Bathroom, Ensuite –
Medium Risk
− Laundry, Laundrette, W/C – Low Risk
Presenter
Presentation Notes
All listed are designated wet areas. A shower recess is a designated wet area in it’s own right, as a high usage area; subject to saturation, hydrostatic pressure from water tables, high concentrations of condensation, and water movement behind wall linings through gravitational flow and capillary action. Laundrettes and wash cabinets, such as recessed areas in a Class 10 garage are also classified wet areas and require waterproofing according to the Standard. They require a barrier stop angle, perimeter flashing, vessel sealant connection and membrane application. Compliant materials must be in combination. No timber or MDF skirting ! Kitchens in Class 1 buildings are not classified as wet areas. They are habitable food preparation areas, and therefore do not require any levels of waterproofing under the Standard. However BCA Performance Provisions specify that water should not cause damage to other building elements, or enter cavities. Therefore best practice would suggest that kitchen benches should be sealed to wall substrates and waterproofing applied to sink splash backs, dish washer recesses and service penetrations. Even if kitchens are not identified as a wet area under AS 3740, Performance Provision failure may still be determined as a breach of BCA requirements.
THE 2 THINGS
AS 3740 – 2010 Section 2 lists − Waterproof & Water Resistant Substrates − Waterproof & Water Resistant Linings
Compliant substrate and surface lining materials must be used in combination.
USE ONLY COMPLIANT WATERPROOF & WATER RESISTANT MATERIALS IN WET AREAS !!
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Compliant substrate and lining materials must be used in combination, in order to comply with the Standard. One cannot exist without the other. Practitioners cannot fully waterproof a bathroom floor and then lay non-water resistant carpet, as the floor covering. Laminated panel sheeting cannot be installed over unprotected plasterboard substrate sheeting. This includes the use of compatible adhesives and other installation materials. Solvent based construction adhesives should not be used to install laminated panelling onto water based membranes. Seek manufacturer advice for a compatible solution. Welded vinyl flooring, on it’s own, is non-compliant. AS 3740-2.4.2 and 2.4.3 state that listed substrate materials are compliant when used in CONJUNCTION with compliant lining materials. The reverse applies, where lining materials only become compliant when in CONJUNCTION with listed substrate materials. They must be in COMBINATION. It is not permitted to use one without the other. For example, an open and unenclosed disabled bathroom shower with a weighted curtain deems the entire bathroom floor as a shower floor. Table C1 requires a shower floor to be waterproof and not water resistant. Therefore a waterproof membrane must be applied over the water resistant concrete substrate in CONJUNCTION with welded vinyl lining material. A shower area is subject to saturation and condensation behind the vinyl, which may damage unprotected materials, and promote moisture movement out of the wet area through capillary action. A compatibility chain should be established with all materials used. Isolation screeds, in the form of levelling or feathering compounds, may be used in the above example where solvent based contact adhesives are at risk of compromising water based membranes. Compliant materials are listed in Section 2 of the Standard.
Materials in Combination
Lamipanel on non-compliant W/R Board installation WR Board exposed
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Presentation Notes
Photo Left:W/R Board unsealed at base of wall. No membrane application. Laminated sheet panel had been installed directly over the plaster sheeting. Photo Right:Back of same Water Resistant plaster board sheeting shows water staining and damage to unprotected W/R board. Correct procedure:Sheets should be fitted with 6mm clearance at the tray and 3 to 5mm clearance between sheet joints. This is to accommodate movement and allow for sealant application to the exposed sheet edge. Seal the sheet/tray junction with compatible Type 2 connector sealant, full wall waterproofing to extent of shower above FFL, application of non-solvent based construction adhesive with vertical lines at 100mm spacings, or sawtooth trowelled with 90% contact coverage to fit laminated sheet panelling. Water based construction adhesive, suitable for use with polystyrene cladding and wet areas is suitable. A feathering compound may need to be used to isolate non-compatible products or as a porous medium to allow curing of the adhesive. This should be confirmed with material manufacturer. Air pockets with squiggle fixing, form moisture pockets from condensation and capillary tracking. Excessive trapped moisture will result in mould concentration adversely affecting the health and amenity of occupants. Oversealing of the laminated sheeting into the non-porous tray receptacle, resulting in constricted drainage from behind the sheeting and mould concentrations.
AS 3740 – 2.4 Compliant Materials
Compliant Materials
Substrate o Concrete o Compressed F/C sheeting o Render ( with WP additive) o Masonry o WR plasterboard (W Proofed) o Structural timber floor
( W Proofed)
Lining o Thermoset laminated sheeting &
pre-decorated f/c sheeting o Tiles ( ceramic, stone, composite) o Welded sheet vinyl o Sanitary grade acrylic wall linings
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Presentation Notes
Manufacturers recommendations should be referred to, in conjunction with the Standard’s requirements. Eg.Timber sheet flooring in W/C must be water resistant according to Table C1. Timber sheet flooring manufacturer’s recommend that their product is suitable for use in internal wet areas such as bathrooms, laundries and W/C where an impervious coating is applied. All timber floor substrates must, therefore be fully waterproofed. Water resistant plasterboard should also be fully coated in membrane systems in high risk ( shower ) areas to comply with manufacturer requirements. Welded sheet vinyl, alone does not comply. Sheet vinyl must be installed in conjunction with waterproof/ water resistant substrate. Compliant materials must extend to the required limit of designated wet areas. wall tiling and underlying waterproofing protection extends to ceiling height, at the ceiling rose connection level.
Non-Compliant Materials
Non – compliant materials
Plaster setting/topping − no setting or joint fixing in high risk areas − waterproof horizontal joints/external corners. − seal all mechanical fixings.
Timber door/window reveals & mouldings − waterproof window reveals/remove architraves. − seal against adjacent door trims.
Untreated masonry/render − “Render to be waterproofed to prevent moisture movement by capillary action or wicking”
− Fully waterproof rendered shower walls to 1800mm from FL Incompatible materials
− primer/membrane/adhesives/sealants. − suitability of materials according to design − test tiles for shadowing − the right sealant for the job.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Non compliant materials must not be included in the designated protection zones of the wet area, or must be protected from damage by water. Plaster setting to joints and sheet fixings should be omitted from the high risk wet areas ( shower ). Plaster setting is not required where sheet joints and penetrations are to be covered by tiles etc. Sheet joints should be supported by blocking, joint sealed and waterproofed. Where setting compounds are installed, they should be of water resistant materials and must not be finished with topping compounds. Toppings include unstable PVA dispersion materials, relying on moisture evaporation to set. They will degrade when exposed to moisture contact. Timber is not water resistant and should be excluded or at least protected in designated wet areas. Timber window mouldings and reveals in shower/ baths should be removed, over sheeted, waterproofed and tiled to the extent of the rose connection height and to 1500mm from the rose connection. Where materials cannot be removed, they should be primed and protected by waterproofing membrane with either overlay materials or a Type 4 connector sealant. Tiles that do not have an AS/ ISO compliance notice on the packaging should be queried. Installation of materials means that they have been accepted as suitable for purpose, by the contractor. Darkened tiles in new installations may be an indication of faulty wall tiles, not fit for purpose. Current material Standards require coating of glazed tiles with Engobe. This coating prevents shadowing from moisture behind the tiles. If the tiles darken, the Engobe process may not have been applied. Darkened stone tiles may not be unusual, as marble and limestone, etc. are porous natural stone. Masonry and render are porous, although water resistant, and should be fully waterproofed, to limit moisture transference by capillary action. Compatibility must be maintained through the entire chain of construction. This can be ensured by seeking a single supplier for complimentary materials and documenting all materials used.
Non-Compliant Materials
Plaster set nib wall Timber adj shower
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Presentation Notes
Photo Left:unprotected end face of nib wall will result in water tracking through non-water resistant, porous plaster setting and damaging framing. Solution is to waterproof minimum 40mm either side of external sheet junction. Remove the non-compliant plaster material. Photo Right:timber architrave contacting with hobless barrier stop angle. Unprotected timber subjected to water damage and will allow water to exit the ( High Risk ) shower area, and the ( Medium Risk ) bathroom. Solution is to tape off timber, apply Type 2 connector sealant and dress waterproofing to sealant. Protect the non-compliant timber material where it cannot be removed. Also, after thought recessed shelf to be waterproofed to minimum 40mm either side of sheet junctions and full coverage to horizontal surfaces.
Extent of Application
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Presentation Notes
Table C1 had not been included in AS 3740-2010, as it was, in the 2004 edition. The table had been produced in subsequent editions of BCA Vols 1 and 2, however this restricted easy access by waterproofing and tiling contractors. The table was re-published in AS 3740 Amendment 1-2012, and now forms part of the 2010 Standard. The Table C1 is reproduced in current BCA ( NCC ) editions. Table C1 is the key to establish areas requiring treatment and compliance as either waterproof or water resistant. The Table describes the following as wet areas requiring waterproof and water resistant protection under the Standard: Shower Areas adjacent to baths and spas ( Bathrooms ) Laundries & W/C’s Table C1 specifies the wet area, and identifies the component areas of: floors & horizontal surfaces; walls; wall junctions & joints; wall/ floor junctions; and penetrations. Each component area is assigned levels of protection as either waterproof or water resistant, and the extent of that protection. Eg: Shower Area: Floors & horizontal surfaces – waterproof Walls - waterproof to 150mm above FFL and water resistant to minimum of 1800mm above FFL. Wall junctions and joints - waterproof Wall/floor junctions - waterproof Penetrations - waterproof
Extent of Application
Extent of Application
Extent of Application
Extent of Application
Critical Reference Points
Reference points for extent of application − Finished Floor Level (FFL)
Height
− Shower Rose Connection Lateral & Height
− Shower Screen Designates high risk area
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Extent of Application requirements are minimum mandatory prescriptions. These are the minimum bench marks where successful compliance with AS 3740-2010 are assessed. Best trade practices can be adopted over and above the minimum bench marks. Manufacturer’s recommendations and guidance should be sought to ensure material compatibilities and design functionality. FFL:Shower wall height extent of application, tanking to skirting, barrier stop heights are all measured from FFL. Where the minimum height for water resistance for showers is 1800mm fro FFL, this will be 1850mm from substrate where 50mm of screed and tile are to top the floor. Shower rose connection: Determines the ultimate vertical measurement of protection from FFL. If the rose connection is set at 1900mm from FFL, limiting waterproofing and tiling to 1800mm would not comply, as the rose connection is part of the ( High Risk ) shower area. The shower rose connection also determines the horizontal extent of protection, in the case of open unenclosed showers. Shower Screen: Is part of the shower and not outside the risk area. High Risk protection must extend to, and include the screen, and not up to it. Waterstop/ Waterbar angles retain water within the designated wet area, by stopping waterflow through porous flooring medium below surface level. Waterstop angles must be finished flush with the Finished Floor Level (FFL), and form a connection to the waterproofing perimeter flashing of the designated wet area. Waterstop angles are to be installed at all: bathroom, laundry & toilet doorways; shower perimeters; and island bath periphery barriers. Barrier stop heights and position should be confirmed prior to screed and tiling. Installation of a higher PVC angle, waterproofing and cutting the angle back may result in damage to the membrane and subsequent blistering and delamination. Overgrouting or tiling over the angle will render the barrier ineffective. Tiles, adhesives and grouting are porous and will not restrict moisture movement over the top of the barrier angle. Angles must be connected to waterproofing details at abutting walls, and be installed to allow for thermal movement in the angle material. Aluminium will expand and contract 1mm over 1m. Therefore angles should be 2 to 3mm clear of abutting surfaces, however they must be connected with an appropriate Type 1 or 2 Connector sealant.
Class Exercise 1
Extent of Application
Does this comply with extent of application?
____________________________________________________________
Why / Why not ? ____________________________________________________________
What materials should be used in the designated risk area?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Class Exercise 1 : According to Table C1 and Materials Section 2.4, all substrate and lining materials in a wet area are required to be waterproof or water resistant in combination. Non-compliant materials must not be used as non-water resistant materials will deteriorate when contacted with moisture and compromise the integrity of the wet area. The photo above depicts a rain head connected to the ceiling. Regardless of the drop of the fitting, the Standard requires waterproof and water resistant materials from the shower rose connection at the substrate. Table C1 requires water resistant wall materials and waterproof junctions and penetrations to a minimum of 1800mm from FFL, however the rose connection is a critical reference point and designates the measurement from FFL that materials must be extended to. The wall/ ceiling junction at the substrate, therefore, is part of the wet area and requires waterproof junction sealant in accordance with Table C1. Paint, plaster setting and topping compounds are not recognised as waterproof or water resistant materials under Section 2.4 and are therefore not compliant in the above scenario. Waterproof junctions, penetrations and water resistant wall linings, such as welded vinyl, tiles or acrylic wall linings are required to extend to the wall/ ceiling junction.
Compliance Inspections
Builder is responsible to supervise trades and ensure building is compliant with BCA Visual inspections should be conducted throughout construction stages Substrate (pre-waterproofing) Membrane application Completion
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Waterproofing application inspections are a mandatory inspection in N.S.W only. Inspection at this stage of construction gives a positive indication that the extent of application and installation details are compliant. Final compliance inspections are the only other option currently in place. Inspection at this stage cannot guarantee visual confirmation of compliance, however a number of signs are apparent, at final, that can indicate non-compliance. Some states and territories rely on application certification to guarantee compliance. As there are no minimum or standardized certification regulations, some forms fall short in descriptive information and meaningful statutory declaration of compliance. Final compliance inspections should be combined with certification. Any shortfalls identified through final inspection should be clarified in detail on application certificates. Stage inspections are recommended to ensure that the communication chain is maintained throughout the construction process. Defects can occur at any stage of the project, which falls under the supervision of the builder.
Compliance Inspections
Substrate Taps, mixers, rose toilet penetrations sealed Water mark compliant drainage flanges fitted Wall/floor sheeting fixed to manf. Specs and no damage (9mm f/c for large format tiles) Baths/trays supported and no damage
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Waterproofing applicators should not proceed unless preparation work is sound. Any damage to substrates must be reported and repaired before application. Substrates should be sound and free of grease, dirt and other contaminants. Sheeting should be installed in accordance with manufacturers specifications, with 6mm clearance at floor/wall junctions and over shower baths, and 3 to 5mm clearance at sheet joints. Setting compounds should be water resistant. Fixings should be at 150mm edges and 200mm centres, and 100mm centres for large format tiles over 32kg/m2 ( 12.5mm thick ). Concrete and screed substrates should be assessed for moisture content. Rising damp may blister membrane application and should be sealed with a negative pressure hydroepoxy or cementitious membrane. Type of screeds should be determined and assessed as to functional compatibility with the membrane. Application of thin film liquid applied membranes beneath an unbonded screed may result in membrane failure through mechanical abrasion. An unbonded, re-enforced screed must have a minimum thickness of 40mm, where the minimum screed thickness for a fully bonded screed is 15mm. (Ref. AS 3958.1-2007 Guide to the Installation of Ceramic Tiling ). Selection of bonding agents should form part of the compatibility chain and be documented with the application certificate. DON’T use Stinking Bond Crete !!. PVA compounds will re-emulsify when exposed to moisture. (Ref AS 3958.1-2007).
Substrate Penetrations 3.10 &Table C1
Where a penetration passes through a waterproof or water resistant construction, the penetration shall be waterproof.
Penetrations include: - Substrate fixings - Taps, rose and mixers - Screens and fixtures
- Toilets, shelves and fittings.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo : Waste collar rubber has been deformed resulting in backflow and POO ! Correct waterproofing connection to the toilet waste pipe has restricted the toilet leak from exiting the bathroom to the ceiling below. Solution : Make the apprentice clean up the residue, replace the pan collar and refit the toilet. Any mechanical fixing or service penetration through waterproofed and water resistant designated zones must be sealed, as per Table C1. Communication needs to occur with screen fitters, plumbers and fit off trades, in order to ensure that all penetrations are sealed with a compatible sealant, as specified by the waterproofing applicator.
Substrate Penetrations 3.10
Taps sealed at substrate to combination
Penetrations for taps, shower nozzles, recessed soap holders and similar fixtures shall be waterproofed by sealing with a proprietary flange system or sealant. When sealing the tap body to the wall, allowance shall be made for servicing of tap washers or ceramic discs without damaging the seal.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
The Standard requires that tap penetrations are sealed to allow for servicing by owners, without disturbing the seal. Plumbers need to be educated to set plumbing combinations 2mm forward of the wall lining, in order to seal from substrate to combination body and not tap spindle. Waterproofing applicators should not contaminate tap spindles with membrane material. Removal of tap spindles can grip and rip the membrane, forming blisters and failure. Full wall waterproofing should be dressed to Type 2 Connector Sealant, and not metal tap bodies. Tile hole should not be sealed, as the penetration is sealed at substrate level. Sealing of tap penetrations falls under this Standard, and is therefore the Waterproofer’s responsibility. Builders should ensure that suitable pipe block-offs are installed to allow for sealing of the penetrations at this stage. Sealing of the holes after tiling is too late, as it does not guarantee a sealed connection between the substrate and combination. This practice also compromises the service provision of the Standard, where the sealant will be disturbed at this level in order to remove the tap spindle. Should sealing of these penetrations not be possible at waterproofing stage, the waterproofer should document this on the application certificate, so that the builder can perform the task under his/her supervisory chain.
Substrate Baths and Spas 3.8
Island Bath - Unsupported
Baths and spas shall be supported to prevent distortion and cracking. When recessed into the wall: water resistant surface materials to pass down inside the rim of bath When installing baths the integrity of the structure shall be maintained
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo : This bathroom had been renovated with a free standing island bath mounted over the doctored sub-floor framing. The 100 x 50mm hardwood joists have been removed and replaced by two discontinuous sections of 90 x 35mm pine with a third piece nailed up into surrounding joists. NOT SUPPORTED !! And compromised the integrity of the structure. The Standard requires baths and trays to be supported and installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications. Wall sheeting should project into the receptacle with 6mm clearance at the base. This will facilitate a positive Type 2 Connector sealant beneath the sheet, rather that at the sheet edge only. So called self supporting trays are not intended to bridge an open cavity. They will still deflect under load, and result in cracking of the tray or separation at the wall junction and leakage. Self supporting trays must be installed onto a sound continuous base. A substrate inspection should include applying load to the base of the bath and around the edges of island mounted baths and spas. Any deflection or lack of support should be rectified prior to continuing with membrane installation.
Substrate Hob Construction 3.13.3
Hob construction shall be of masonry, concrete, corrosion resistant metal or similar material. Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) may be used for internal membrane systems only, and must be primed before membrane application. All gaps, joints and intersections of the hob structure shall be made flush before membrane application. TIMBER MUST NOT BE USED
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Presentation Notes
Barrier stops are to be installed at all shower recesses, forming a physical barrier to retain water within the shower bay. They may be a hob or angle set at FFL for walk through and set down showers. Hob construction shall be as above. External edges should be chamfered to remove sharp edges that may rupture the membrane. Hobs formed in external tray system shall be masonry and formed inside the tray and not boxed out side or around the tray. By locating outside or at the centre of the tray wall, water can exit the shower through porous masonry material. This can occur through shower screen positioning or capillary action through hob tiles and adhesive. Bond breakers should be installed at all hob junctions : hob to floor, inside and outer edges; and hob to wall junctions. Hobs are subject to stresses from mortar bed expansion and rotation through screen movement.
Substrate Membrane to Drainage Connection
3.14
Termination to a drainage flange 3.14.1 − A drainage flange shall be
installed with the waterproofing membrane terminated at/in the drainage flange to provide a waterproof connection.
Where a tile bed or screed is used, the waterproof membrane shall be installed above or below the tile bed or screed. 3.2
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo : Bonded screed with C2S1 tile adhesive as bonding agent. Waterproofing membrane applied to top of screed, dressed to drainage flange at lowest point. Drainage control flanges are mandatory, in all circumstances, according to AS 3740-2010. Dressing into waste pipes can result in membrane rupture at the sharp pipe edge. The internal diameter of the pipe is also reduced. The drainage flange must be set at the lowest level. Where the flange sits on the substrate, and then waterproofed to, with a Connector Sealant, the drainage will be affected. Water will pond around the flange by approx 3mm. The surest solution is to waterproof to the top of the screed, where the drainage flange will always be at the lowest level. The screed is dished out at the flange, membrane dressed down over a Type 2 Connector Sealant and the dish filled with porous drainage cell mortar when tiling. Screed to be of a consistent mix 4:1. Screeds should be compacted and finished to a smooth surface for top of bed membrane application. Most manufacturers require screeds to cure for 7 days prior to waterproofing or tiling. This is to avoid membrane failure through rising damp and salts, and movement transference through shrinkage. Cementitious negative pressure membranes can isolate rising damp and allow additional coatings 24 hours after the screed has been layed. Manufacturers should be contacted to specify applicable products. Rising damp and salts may cause blistering to membranes and break down adhesives. Where a membrane is installed below the screed, the function of the bond breaker may be compromised as a compacted screed will restrict movement at the junction. It is recommended that foam backing rod be installed on top of the membrane prior to installing the screed. This will allow separation of the membrane into compressible material as a release zone.
Substrate Bond Breakers 3.13.7
Bond Breaker Requirements Bond Breakers are required at all
junctions between wall/wall, floor/wall, hob/ wall and movement joints
Types of Bond Breakers
Class 1 Membrane 0 to 60% −Type 1 Bond Breaker 75mm
Class 2 Membrane 60 to 300%
−Type 2 Bond Breaker 35mm
Class 3 Membrane < 300%
−Type 3 Bond Breaker 12mm
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Bond breakers are required under AS 3740 and are to match the flexibility class of the membrane. Bond breakers are a material that allows the membrane to release, when movement occurs, and stretch according to the elongation capability of the membrane. Typical bond breaker materials are: neutral cure silicone sealant, non-paintable polyurethane sealants, vinyl bond breaker tape, silicone coated bond breaker tape, impermeable bond breaker bandage matching the flexibility of the membrane material. Paintable sealants, such as Fast Cure (FC) polyurethane and paintable silicones (MS) are not classified as bond breaker materials as membrane materials adhere to them and will not release as intended by AS 3740. These are classified as fillet materials and therefore not compliant with the bond breaker prescriptions under the Standard. Permeable bandage may also not act as a bond breaker material as it is wet through with membrane material and adhered to the substrate. Bond breakers are required at all junctions where movement may occur. Wall/Wall. Wall/Floor, Hob/Wall. Connector sealants are normally paintable and compatible with the membrane material. Bond breakers are non-paintable. The general rule is Paintable Connectors first, then non-paintable bond breaker next. Type 2 Connector Sealants applied first to puddle flange, baths, tray junctions, vanity junctions, tap combinations and barrier stop angles. Getting this system the wrong way around can result in failure, where the Connector Sealant releases from bond breaker contaminated substrate.
Take a Break !!!
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Presentation Notes
This is my dog, SYLVA !!! She chases bits of snow balls and brings each bit back, CLEVER DOG !! Take a break.
Compliance Inspections
Membrane Application
Extent of application complies with BCA Table 3.8.1.1 and inspected for defects All penetrations sealed, taps sealed to allow for servicing Dressed to shower, door and hob bath angles All non-compliant materials protected
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Membrane application inspections ensure that the extent of application has been followed. This does not guarantee that application practices have been followed, such as; correct film thickness; substrate preparation; bond breaker installation and connector sealants. These details should be clarified on application certificates. Inspections should be targeted at Standard compliance. Any additional application details should be documented on certificates, such as double floor applications above and below screeds; and full wall membrane application.
Membrane Application Extent of Waterproofing Appendix C
Type 1 & Type 2 Unenclosed Shower
Table C1 Floor waterproofed and dressed to barrier stop Floor /Wall junction waterproofed to 150mm above FFL Penetrations waterproofed Sheet junctions waterproofed to 40mm each side of junction Wall substrate water resistant to 1800mm min. from FFL Type 1 – treatment to spray barrier Type 2 – treatment to 1500mm min from rose connection
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo: Type 1 unenclosed shower to left side with spray barrier. Type 2 at walk through with waterproofing protection to 1500mm from rose connection. All falls are to shower waste, although angle has been installed at shower entrance where shower falls increased to 1:80 as a functional additional barrier. Type 1 Unenclosed:900mm fixed panel serves as a spray barrier with waterproofing protection to the line of the screen barrier. Waterstop angle to be installed into the floor, beneath the screen and finish 5mm above FFL. The screen channel is sealed over the angle. Where a glass panel, without sill channel is installed, the angle should finish flush with FFL and a Type 1 sealant connection provided between the base of the glass panel and the top of the waterstop angle. Waterproofing protection is otherwise terminated at the extent of the screen as a critical reference point. Type 2 Unenclosed:Less than 900mm fixed panel requires protection to 1500mm from rose connection. Where a waterstop angle is installed into floor finishes, it shall finish flush with FFL for Type 2 unenclosed showers. The waterstop should be installed 1500mm from the rose connection. Where this is not practical, the bathroom door waterstop is treated as the shower barrier, the full floor waterproofed, as if for the shower floor, including perimeter flashing to 150mm above the substrate. All falls must drain to a waste. Above bonded screed membrane application is recommended to avoid mortar bed saturation and coagulation with organic matter and bacterial growth. Once wet areas have been identified, they should be designated into risk categories. Shower areas are high usage and high risk and require classification into types. Clarification as to screen position and type may be required at membrane inspection. This may not be evident at this stage of construction, but may assist in determining the shower type. This can be confirmed by viewing plans or questioning the site supervisor. Main bathroom areas out side the designated shower area, are medium use and medium risk areas. Toilets and laundries are low risk areas. Once areas are designated, critical reference points are identified, thereby determining minimum measurements for protection compliance. Table C1 provides guidance as to waterproof and water resistant areas. It is not a requirement under Table C1 to fully waterproof walls in the shower onto water resistant F/C sheeting. This is only required on water resistant plaster board, by the board manufacturers; and full coverage onto porous render substrate. The table calls for water resistant walls, which wet area F/C sheeting is classified as. This method is preferable where large format wall tiles are bonded to the sheet material rather than hanging on the membrane.
Membrane Application Perimeter Flashings 3.9.1.1 & 3.9.1.2
Perimeter flashing min 25mm above FFL
Dressed to door Angle across cavity – continuous flashing
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo Left:Non-compliant timber substrate has been removed and replaced with wet area f/c sheeting. Membrane perimeter flashing dressed to FFL at door angle. Timber door frame had been taped, Type 4 Connector Sealant and waterproofed. Door angle can be fitted after membrane application, but must be sealed to the perimeter flashing and connected to door frame with a Type 1 Connector Sealant. Photo Right:Door angle formed to bridge across door cavity. This forms a continuous, tanked perimeter flashing. “ Water must be prevented from penetrating behind fittings and linings or into concealed spaces…”
Membrane Application Junctions and Flashings 3.9.1.1
All junctions to be sealed Type 1,2,3,4 & 5 Type 1 W/proof to W/proof Type 2 W/proof to W/Resistant Type 3 W/Resistant to W/Resistant Type 4 Non W/Resistant to W/Resistant Type 5 Full flashing 50mm horizontal leg, 25mm above FFL
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Where a Type 5 waterproofing flashing cannot be installed, a connector sealant shall be used. A paintable and compatible sealant should be used to connect the membrane to fixtures and fittings where the upturn of the membrane cannot not be visible for aesthetic reasons. This avoids the unsightly finish of exposed membranes above floor finishes or onto exposed fixtures. Connector sealants are paintable and compatible with the membrane system used. Typical connector sealants are paintable fast cure (FC) polyurethane, paintable modified silicones (MS) and other compatible membrane materials. MS sealants can be used at wall/ ceiling junctions where the shower rain head connection is at the ceiling, thereby making this junction a waterproof requirement according to Table C1. MS sealants are also used at the tile/ ceiling junction for full height tiling allowing the sealant to be dressed to when painting the ceiling. Type 2 Connector Sealant is most common where applicators connect to fixtures such as: shower bases, spas and baths, barrier stop angles , and drainage flange connections. Junction flashing classifications, where connector sealants are used as above, are as follows: Type 1:Waterproof to Waterproof materialsGlass to pre-formed panelling. Type 2:Waterproof to Water Resistant materialsConcrete to shower tray. Type 3:Water Resistant to Water Resistant materialsNo example shown, but may be concrete to f/c sheeting. Type 4:Non-Water Resistant to Water Resistant materialsConcrete to 2 Pack black skirting. Type 5:Full flashing 50mm to floor and 25mm above FFL.
Membrane Application Vessels abutting a wall
Fig C4 & Table C1 Vessel at wall junction – sealed prior to tiling
Waterproof wall junction where a vessel is fixed to a wall Water resistant to 150mm above vessel Where vessel is within 75mm of a wall, water resistant to 150mm above vessel , for the extent of the vessel − Applies to wall mount
vanities, fitted to wall linings
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Table C1 requires that the wall junction at the vessel be waterproofed and water resistant to 150mm above the vessel. This needs to occur at the substrate and can either be a sealant applied to the membrane surface or as a Type 2 connector sealant to the substrate material. This applies to all vessels : vanities, basins and wash tubs. Free standing basins require waterproofing from floor to the extent of the basin and 150mm above. The same applies to vanities fitted to the surface of the wall tiling, where there is no vessel / substrate junction sealant connection.
Membrane Application Baths and Spas Table C1
Free standing bath > 75mm from wall
Waterproof from floor to 150mm above bath
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Where an island bath is within 75mm of surrounding walls, waterproofing shall be applied to 150mm above the bath for the extent of the bath. This is from floor level. Where the island bath is greater than 75mm from walls, standard perimeter flashing would apply. Inspection at membrane stage should incorporate clarification of the bath size and position. Application to the extent of the vessel should be documented as detail on the waterproofing certificate.
Membrane Application Baths and Spas 3.8
Hob mount baths For insert baths a water
stop shall be installed around the periphery
Membrane to finish 5mm above finished tile level
Barrier angle is not always possible
Min. 100mm for shelf from bath edge to finish.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
A periphery barrier must be installed at all hob mount baths and spas. This shall be at substrate level to stop water movement under the tiles from entering the bath cavity. The Standard only provides one descriptive method to achieve this periphery barrier, as a waterstop angle beneath the bath lip. Installation of an angle beneath the bath lip is not always possible, where the bath has already been fitted, prior to waterproofing. A periphery barrier can be installed using a Type 2 Connector Sealant. The method for providing the periphery barrier should be documented on the waterproofing certificate. Bath shelf to be 100mm minimum, to finished levels. External sheeted shelf should be 90mm + 10mm tiling. Internal shelf should be 110mm less 10mm wall tiling.
Membrane Application Baths and Spas Fig 3.2
Foam backing rod as periphery barrier
Membrane dressed to 5mm above Finished Tile Level
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo Left:Use of 10mm open cell foam backing rod as periphery barrier, under the spa lip. Membrane connected to backing rod with polyurethane Type 3 Connector sealant. Photo Right:Periphery barrier, beneath bath lip to finish 5mm above surrounding tile level. Bath has been fitted to top of tile level with a neutral cure wet area silicone.
Membrane Application Baths and Spas 3.8
No Barrier Stop Membrane dressed to Type 2 connector sealant
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo Left:Periphery unsealed, allowing water to enter the bath cavity from beneath the tiling. Silicone sealing to the top of tiling is not sufficient and does not satisfy the Standard. Photo Right:Type 2 Connector Sealant, forming periphery barrier. Goose neck spout penetration sealed at substrate level. Surrounding tiles are finished with a neutral cure silicone sealant.
Membrane Application Baths and Spas 3.7.3
Where no vertical membrane termination, full waterproofing under the bath and space to be ventilated.
3.7.4 For freestanding baths with shower over, the extent of waterproofing shall be as for a Type 2 unenclosed shower, ignoring the bath…
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo:F/C sheeting fixed to inside bath frame and waterproofed as periphery barrier. Full waterproofing can be applied under bath cavity, where a periphery barrier cannot be achieved. The bath space is to be ventilated, however a graded waste should also be provided. Typically this is achieved by full bathroom shell waterproofing and forming the bath frame and steps with adhesive fixed AAC ( Hebel ) blocks.
Membrane Application Drainage Channels 3.14.3
Membrane dressed to puddle flange at lowest point Waterproof drainage shall be
continuous for the membrane into the drainage outlet
Where the channel does not have an integral 50mm flange for termination of the membrane, the membrane shall be terminated to a drainage flange beneath the channel
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo Left:Type 2 Connector Sealant to puddle flange at base of screed. Membrane dressed to puddle flange at lowest point. Top of screed membrane application. Where the channel does not have an integral 50mm fin, it shall be set in with the tiling like any other grate. Drainage to the waste at the lowest level is paramount. Installation of the grate should not obstruct drainage. Most proprietary grated channels are not designed to connect directly to the waste pipe, but be a loose fit. Where a channel has been manufactured with a 50mm flange, and therefore is designed to be connected to the waste pipe, the connection should be sealed and in a manner compliant with BCA and AS 3500 National Plumbing and Drainage Code. Specifically the grate dropper must be of a compatible connector size to the waste pipe and a sealed connection by screw fit, O ring , or flexible joiner connection.
Class Exercise 2
Polished Concrete/ Tiled Walls
Compliance Inspections
Does this floor comply with Table C1 & Materials 2.4? Why/Why Not?
1)Floor _______________________ ______________________________ 2)Wall connection ______________ ______________________________ 3)Floor waste __________________ ______________________________
How can we make this wet area compliant with AS 3740-2010?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Class Exercise 2 : Polished concrete to a Type 2 Open Shower Does this floor comply with Table C1 & Materials 2.4? FloorAs a Type 2 Unenclosed Shower, what are the requirements for treatment to the main bathroom floor? Waterproof or water resistant? Under Section 2, concrete is classified as a water resistant material. There are currently no clear concrete sealers available that comply with AS 4858 and carry manufacturer’s warranty as compliant with AS 3740-2010. Wall connection Although a membrane has been applied to the W/R plasterboard wall sheeting, has a waterproofing junction been formed where the walls meet the concrete floor? Floor wasteWhat is missing here? What are the requirements for membrane termination into any waste pipe? The nasty concrete polishers, in this case, also ground off the chrome finish to the grate leaving scratched up brass. How can we make this wet area compliant with AS 3740-2010? The Standard allows membrane application either below or above the screed. ( AS 3740-3.2). Assuming we can rebate the slab, apply the waterproofing membrane below the polished topping, what considerations need to be addressed to ensure: Waste connection compliant with 3.14 Bond breaker installation with functional release zone. 3.13.7 Protection of the membrane from mechanical abrasion by the polished topping. Waterstop at the doorway. 3.9.1.1
Compliance Inspections
Practical Completion Inspections Identify all wet areas
Extent of application Installation details
Practical functionality
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Practical Completion inspections ensure that waterproofing applications are not compromised. Communication chains to finish and fit off trades need to ensure that the integrity of the waterproofing is maintained. Surveyors and certifiers that rely on final inspections, alone, cannot guarantee that installation details and compliant extent of application are in place. Final inspections can indicate breaches in compliance, through obvious visual indicators such as door angle connections and penetration sealants. Functional testing should form part of final inspections. Has the wet area been constructed for the intended use. Are falls adequate, are disabled grab rails in place etc. Water should be run in the shower, to confirm functional flows and that wastes do not appear constricted. The photo is non-compliant! Why? Name 2 compliance defects.
Practical Completion Inspections
Identify all wet areas All wet areas to be waterproofed as per AS 3740 − Bathroom, ensuite − W/C, powder room − Laundry, laundrette,
wash cabinet
Extent of Application Assess shower category Identify critical reference points Assess material coverage compliant with Table C1
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo: water damage to flooring confirms that timber products are not water resistant and are not permitted in wet areas. This includes skirting. Wet areas include bathroom, ensuites, powder rooms, toilets, wash rooms, laundries, laundry cabinets in garages, and toilets. Kitchens and domestic food preparation areas are not designated wet areas requiring waterproofing under AS 3740 – 2010. Laundry wash cabinets in both Class 1 and Class 10 buildings require a waterstop angle, waterproofing perimeter flashing, floor treatment as designated for substrate, sealed penetrations, sealed tub junctions and compliant substrate and lining materials. Once wet areas have been identified, they should be designated into risk categories. Shower areas are high usage and high risk and require classification into types. Clarification as to screen position and type should be determined prior to membrane application. This will determine the shower type and extent of application from critical reference points. This can be confirmed by viewing plans or questioning the site supervisor. Main bathroom areas out side the designated shower area, are medium use and medium risk areas. Toilets and laundries are low risk areas. Once areas are designated, critical reference points are identified, thereby determining minimum measurements for protection compliance. Table C1 provides guidance as to waterproof and water resistant areas.
Practical Completion Inspections
Installation Details Barrier angles in place − angle present at all showers and wet area
doorways − Angle visible to top of FFL, 5mm above for Type 1 − Periphery barrier at hob mount baths − Cavity slider bridged, door angles connected to
membrane
Penetrations sealed − taps, mixer and rose penetrations sealed − Waste puddle flanges installed − Toilet pan, screen, shelf, grab rail fixings sealed
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo: Barrier stop angle must be visible at FFL. Over grouted angle will not restrict moisture movement out of the risk area, as grout, adhesives and tiles are porous. Type 1 unenclosed shower requires the angle to be 5mm above FFL, with screen channel sealed over the angle. This may not be possible where a Type 1 and Type 2 shower exist in combination, or the glass panel is fitted directly onto the floor finish. In these cases the waterstop angle should finish flush with FFL and a continuous sealant connection from the base of the screen panel to the top of the angle. This variance should then be documented on the application certificate as a Type 1 Connector Sealant. ( Junction Flashing 3.9.1.1 ) Door waterstop angle should be at FFL, with visible connection to perimeter flashing ensuring continuity of the tanking. Cavity slider doors should have a return angle or sealant barrier. Exposing the carpet edge will reveal angle connection and membrane application through observable sealant and membrane residue. Tap flanges should be pulled clear to inspect sealant application. This should include the rose penetration. Sealant at the tile hole cuts do not indicate compliant penetration sealant at substrate level. Often the holes in the sheet can be larger than the neatly cut tap holes. Taps are required to be sealed to permit servicing by the home owner, without disturbing the sealant. Screen fixings and toilet pan fixings should be inspected for evidence of sealant application. ( 3.10 ) Floor grates can be removed to confirm installation of compliant drainage flanges and to ensure that the membrane has not been dressed directly into the waste pipe. The Standard requires the mandatory connection of the membrane to a drainage flange assembly. Grated channels should be inspected to ensure that sub-tile drainage has not been compromised by sealant application of the channel dropper into the waste pipe, where a loose fit should be present. ( 3.14.1 & 3.14.2 ) Careful load should be applied into baths and trays to ensure base support. Separation should not occur at wall junctions, under load. This is a particular problem in Tasmania, where sub-terranean termites are not prevalent. Building practitioners tend to leave a cavity around the waste connection which allows the shower tray to deflect under load. ( 3.8 )
Practical Completion Inspections
NO Waterstop Angle to Shower − Tiles not cut beneath
screen − Probe test reveals no
obstruction : NO ANGLE
Waterstop Angle at Shower − Angle across shower entry − Flush with FFL − Capped with ‘D ‘section
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Confirmation of the presence and position of the waterstop angle should be established : Observation of floor tile levels under the screen will indicate whether tiles have been cut at the angle and to accommodate change in falls. Photo left indicates that a waterstop angle is not present beneath the screen. Non-destructive probe test, beneath the screen, should be met with an obstruction indicating the presence of the waterstop angle. If an obstruction is not encountered, either the waterstop angle is not present, or has been tiled or grouted over. This does not satisfy the Standard. The presence of efflorescence and staining to floor grout may indicate a non-functional or missing waterstop angle, where water is moving through the tiling layers by capillary action.
Practical Completion Inspections
Screen penetration sealed with neutral cure silicone
Rose connection penetration UN-SEALED
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo Left : Shower screen fixings are penetrations requiring sealing. Neutral cure silicone should be used to isolate screws from exposed aluminium. This will prevent electrolysis between reactive metals. Sealants should be applied into the penetration and not as a capping over the screw head at finish level. This will be evident by observable sealant residue squooshing out from benath the fixing. Photo Right :Miss-threaded rose connection or absence of thread tape can result in water spraying into wall cavities undetected. Sealing of rose penetrations are nominated as mandatory under the Standard, including for ceiling mounted rain heads. ( 3.10 )
Practical Completion Inspections
Shower Grate – NO Drainage Flange Connection
Shower Screen – Fitted to NON-COMPLIANT materials
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo Left :Drainage puddle flange connections are mandatory. Dressing the membrane directly into the waste pipe is not accepted under the Standard. The shower floor is to be waterproof. The above shower floor material, exposed polished concrete, is classified as water resistant and therefore not compliant. ( 3.14 ) The drainage flange must be set at the lowest level. Where the flange sits on the substrate, and then waterproofed to, with a Connector Sealant, the drainage will be affected. Water will pond around the flange by approx 3mm. The surest solution is to waterproof to the top of the screed, where the drainage flange will always be at the lowest level. The screed is dished out at the flange, membrane dressed down over a Type 2 Connector Sealant and the dish filled with porous drainage cell mortar when tiling. As per drainage flanges, the water must drain to the lowest point. Sealing up against the channel wall will result in water damming against the channel, and not draining to the waste. Most channel droppers are not meant to have a solid connection into the waste pipe. Grated Drainage Channels 3.14.3 Where a 50mm horizontal flange has not been incorporated as part of the channel, the membrane must be dressed to a drainage flange, beneath the channel and the grate fitted independent of the waterproofing system. A drainage flange connection is mandatory under this condition and the channel fitted as a loose connection into the waste pipe. If a 50mm horizontal flange forms part of the channel, then the channel itself is considered as the drainage flange. This must be set at the lowest point to ensure drainage at membrane level, and the drop into the waste pipe must be a sealed connection, compliant with the Plumbing regulations for joining two dissimilar materials. An “O” ring seal, screw connection with gasket seal, or flexible coupler with hose clamp seals would be acceptable. You must not attempt to use a joint sealant connection as this will only be a temporary seal. Photo right : Fitting of shower screens directly to plaster and painted sheeting does not comply. Internal paint and plaster are not listed as compliant materials under Section 2 of the Standard and are, therefore, non-compliant. Screens should be fitted to compliant lining material, over compliant substrate with sealed penetrations. The exception would apply where the screen forms a waterstop and is connected by Type 2 connector sealant to the membrane system. This should be documented on the waterproofing application certificate.
Practical Completion Inspections
Ineffective Falls Water exits shower area
• 3.4(b) Falls in shower floors shall be sufficient to prevent… water from discharging outside the shower area
Overflow waste required for Class 2 to 9 buildings
• BCA Vol. 1 FP 1.6 Overflow from a bathroom, laundry facility or the like must be prevented from penetrating to… in a storey below in the same building:
(a) Another sole occupancy unit used for sleeping accommodation
(b) A public space
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Photo : Open unenclosed shower designated for disabled access. This design is not functional, as falls are insufficient to keep water within the shower area under normal use. A single waste should have been set in the shower with all bathroom falls directed to the single waste. An increased change in fall at the shower perimeter would assist to retaining water within the shower area, under normal use. Final inspection should include running water to confirm functional falls. Water must discharge to the waste and not exit the shower under normal use. Ponding water should not remain on the surface with the exception of residual surface tension. This will occur with large format tiles, where each tile may have a camber and hold beading water. Surface tension will increase with the presence of soap films. Functional overflow wastes are required for Class 2 to 9 buildings, where the wet area is over sleeping accommodation or a public space in the storey below. This applies also to renovation projects, where the contractor is required to bring the work being conducted to current BCA requirements. Where it is not possible to retro-fit an additional waste, all bathroom falls can be screeded and directed to a single shower waste. Top of bed membrane application is appropriate in this circumstance. An overflow waste in a Class 1 building may be necessary on either upper storeys or ground level where a Type 2 Unenclosed Shower incorporates a Shower bath. Water exiting the shower area lands on the main bathroom floor, without being able to re-enter the bath receptacle and drain to the bath waste. In this case, as for all Type 2 Showers, the bathroom floor becomes a shower floor requiring full waterproofing and grading to an additional floor waste. This should be incorporated on the approved plans as a FW ( Floor Waste ) and documented as such on the waterproofing application certificate.
Practical Completion Inspections
Practical Functions Design − Design compliant with approved plans and
variations − Design suitable for intended use: disabled
access; slips and falls; grab rail positions
Falls − 1:100 for main floors and enclosed showers − 1: 80 for open-unenclosed showers − Falls to waste, no ponding, not exit shower
under normal use
Tiling Compliance − Lippage: 1mm rectified stone, 1.5mm rect tiles,
2mm cushioned edge tiles − Joint alignment + 2mm over 2m
Maintenance − Run water : no blockage to wastes
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Falls to wet area floors are to be as follows: (3.4 ) 1:100 for main floors and enclosed showers 1: 80 for open-unenclosed showers to 1500mm from the rose connection Falls to waste, no ponding, surface water is not to exit the shower under normal use Disabled access turn areas, dimensions and grab rail positions should be checked against AS 1428.1 – 2009. Design for Disabled Access. AS 3740 – 2010 reference AS 3958.1 – 2007 Guide to the Installation of Ceramic Tiles, regarding tile finishes, grout joints and lippage. The minimum acceptable tile joint size for dust pressed floor tiles is 3mm, NOT 1.5 mm! Smaller grout joints do not accommodate independent cyclic movement between tiles. In some instances tiles are touching adjoining tiles at the base of the joint. Where tiles are abutting, stresses are transferred and compounded across the area of tiling. Grouting should fill the joint and be within 1mm of the tile edge for rectified edge tiles, and 2mm from the edge on cushioned edge tiles. Grouting should be of a smooth finish and not pitted. Lippage (lipping) – Where one edge of the tile is higher than an adjacent tile. Lippage can appear more severe with rectified edge tiles and smaller joint sizes. Cushioned edge tiles and larger joints tend to ramp the grout and soften the difference between lipped tiles. Lippage may constitute a trip hazard in extreme cases becoming a functional defect. Mortar droppings in the waste can result in blockage. Water should be run in all shower recesses and assessed for clear flow.
Waterproofing Certificates
Waterproofing Application Certificates
Certificate to be issued upon request from surveyor To certify compliance with BCA and AS 3740-2010 To include: − Extent of application − Product used with classifications − Material info such as curing,
compatible adhesives etc.. − Declaration of compliance with
AS 3740 - 2010 To be issued by competent person with either trade licence or formal trade qualification
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Application certificate should have enough information to establish that detailing is compliant with AS 3740 and AS 4654.2 Manufacturer’s technical data to be attached to certificate. This will contain information such as: membrane class, approval number, compatible materials, application instructions, curing times etc. A signature as a Stat. Declaration is not sufficient. Manufacturer’s data sheets should be accompanied by material safety data sheets ( MSDS ). MSDS details safe handling of the materials, material properties and first aid information regarding contact with the product. A compatibility chain of all materials used should accompany the certificate, as a specification from the manufacturers. A compatibility chain of all materials used should accompany the membrane technical data sheets. This can be compiled by the builder where other trades or fittings are involved. This can also be provided as a site specification where a single manufacturer supplies a complete compatibility chain of materials. For example: Negative pressure membrane – primer – connector sealant – bond breaker – membrane material – bonding agent – tile adhesive – grouts – sanitary sealants – topical sealers – penetration sealants. Certificates should contain specific application details, where items have been identified as requiring installation information, such as : Method of membrane application to top of bed, or below bed. Where membrane is connected by Type 2 connector sealant to fixtures, such as, shower bases, window casements or Type 4 connector sealants to door mouldings or kickboards. Method of providing periphery barrier to hob mount baths. Installation of barrier stop angles. Nomination of penetrations that have been sealed by the waterproofer. Extent of application for island baths and free standing vanities etc. Certificates should include information to the builder and follow on trades, such as : Where penetrations are to be sealed at fit off : taps and rose penetrations obstructed by plumber block-offs; toilet pans; shower screens; shelves and rails. Information as to compatibility with other products. This includes tile adhesives and where membranes have been applied prior to welded vinyl and sheet flooring, where isolation screeds may need to be layed to separate the membrane from solvent based membranes. Any application details that are outside of the control of the waterproofing applicator, and are to be followed through by the builder as part of his/ her supervision and BCA compliance requirements. Certificates should be issued by a competent person. Local authorities should ensure that the person issuing the certificate has actually installed the waterproofing system and is formally qualified /licenced to carry out the scope. Applicators should either be a current qualified construction waterproofer or wall and floor tiler, where their qualification contains competencies to install waterproofing membranes. Older tiling qualifications may not hold this competency. Suitably licenced builders are able to install and certify waterproofing under the scope of their qualifications, but may opt to engage a formally qualified applicator. Plumbers do not hold qualification competencies under their qualification package.
Class Exercise 3
Shower / Bath 700mm screen
Practical Completion Inspections
Classify the wet area, nominate extent of application & Identify 5 indicators of compliance in the photo ?
Classification of wet areas ------------------------------------------------------ Extent of application ------------------------------------------------------Application details/ defects? Floor______________________ Shower____________________ Bath_______________________ Doorways__________________ Vanity_____________________
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Class Exercise 3 :Classify the wet area, nominate extent of application & Identify 5 indicators of compliance in the photo ? Classification of Wet Areas : Bathroom/ shower types? Is the bathroom floor a bathroom floor? Extent of Application : Floor / Skirting ? Shower walls ? Distance from the rose connection ? Application details / defects? FloorHow does the bathroom floor classification affect floor detail for falls, overflow waste, perimeter flashing height? ShowerThe screen panel is a 700mm fixed panel. To what extent should compliant wall tiling and waterproofing protection be visible? What about protection to the door mouldings? BathWhat is the minimum dimension of the bath shelf? What other detail around the bath shelf must be clarified? DoorwayBarrier stop angles at which of the doors? VanityVanity is fitted to the wall tiles. Is the vanity sealed to the wall or within 75mm of the wall? How does this affect waterproofing application? What about the penetrations?
QUESTIONS?
